The Historical Origin and Development of Tujia Nationality in Enshi

Historically, Tujia ancestors were called "barbarians" or "barbarians". Before the Song Dynasty, Tujia people living in Wuling area, together with other ethnic minorities, were called "Wu Lingren" or "Wuxi people". After the Song Dynasty, Tujia people were called "Tu Ding", "Tu Ren", "Tu Min" or "Tu Man" separately. After the reform, with the increase of Han immigrants, "Tu", "Ke" and "Miao" are often opposed in Wuling area to distinguish Tujia, Han and Miao. As a clan name, "Tujia" appeared in a late period. The records of Xianfeng County in the Republic of China stated that "the home of Tusi descendants is Tujia, and the local Han immigrants are Hakka". The most common surnames of Tujia people are Tian, Xiang, Qin, Peng, Ran, Li, Yang, Liu, Wang, Chen, Zhao and Huang.

After the founding of New China, the Party and the government organized five surveys, and in June 1956 and 10, the ethnic composition of Tujia people was determined.

1957 65438+1On October 3rd, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee telegraphed Hunan Provincial Committee and the United Front Work Department of Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Provincial Committees, confirming that Tujia people are a single ethnic group. With the confirmation of Tujia people, Tujia people, like other ethnic minorities, enjoy all the rights stipulated by the Constitution and laws. According to the mixed situation of Tujia and Miao people in the long-term development of western Hunan, and the wishes of Tujia and Miao people, and in line with the principle of being conducive to national unity and building socialism together, with the approval of the State Council, the original Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture (established in 1952) was changed to Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture on September 20, 201. Since then, Tujia people in southwest Hubei, southeast Chongqing and northeast Guizhou have been demanding regional ethnic autonomy.