Southern Tibet war

The border between China and India is about 2000 kilometers, which is divided into three sections: west, middle and east. 195 1 or so, the Indian army occupied 90,000 square kilometers of territory occupied by British colonists south of the McMahon Line, which has never been recognized by successive governments in China. In addition, in the central and western regions, India also occupied part of the territory of China. 1959, the Indian army established 43 strongholds across the actual control lines of both sides. China's proposal to solve the border issue through negotiations has not been accepted by India. The so-called "McMahon Line" was set by the British themselves, and the China government has never recognized it. This is part of the dismemberment of China by the West. Just like what Britain did between Pakistan and India.

China's point of view

Because the McMahon line is the dividing line imposed by the British colonial government on southern Tibet. And until 195 1 years ago, the Indian government did not publicly recognize the McMahon line. So the disputed territory should belong to China.

Indian point of view

1947 After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Indians believed that they had the right to inherit the territory of China occupied by British colonists. Therefore, they believe that the above-mentioned southern Tibet belongs to India.

War process

1962 Since June, Indian troops have shot and attacked Chinese border guards, killing and injuring ten Indian troops. 10 year 10 On October 20th, the China army counterattacked and the war began.

1962101October 20-28 was the first stage of China's counterattack. In the eastern section, the Chinese and Tibetan border guards temporarily captured the southern Tibet and Tawang areas; In the west, China's Xinjiang border guards drove Indian troops away from 37 positions. 10/0 On 24 October, the government of China issued a statement and put forward three suggestions: stop the conflict, resume negotiations and resolve the border issue peacefully. India said it was unacceptable, declared a "state of emergency" in northern India, and vigorously reinforced soldiers in southern Tibet and Tawang areas on the eastern front.

165438+1October16 to 2 1 is the second stage of China's counterattack. On June 165438+1October 14 and June16, Indian troops launched another attack on the Sino-Indian border. On the eastern front, the China-Tibet border guards counterattacked the Indian army in the east and west. By 165438+1October 2 1, China and Tibet border guards occupied the Indian army16 position. In the western section, China Xinjiang border guards occupied the stronghold of Indian army in Bangongluo. Because the Indian army failed in the eastern Tibet and the western Xinjiang, the Indian ruling and opposition parties asked the United States to intervene. The then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal? Jawaharlal Nehru agreed with this statement and asked the United States to intervene internationally. 1962165438+1October, the United States intervened to support the Indian army with materials. China's border guards declared a ceasefire. Since then, the border between the two countries has been the McMahon line, but the dispute has not subsided.

Debate about war

India has always refused to admit, deny or cover up the fact that the first conflict started as early as June and was initiated by India, and insisted that the date of the war was China's counterattack in June.

China-India armistice agreement

The McMahon line indicates that the China government suddenly unilaterally declared a ceasefire. Mainly to prevent the war from becoming protracted, which is not conducive to the logistics supply of China's army. At that time, the logistics of China's army was still primitive, relying on Tibetan manpower and yaks to pull carts. China ordered the border guards to cease fire from100: 00 on October 22nd, 165438. From 12, 1, the Indian border guards began to retreat to the actual control line between China and India at 1959, 1 17, which was equivalent to handing over the southern Tibet and Tawang areas to India and returning the seized weapons, military vehicles and munitions to India as agreed. Release repatriated prisoners of war before May 26th. 1963.

War result

China: Retreat 20 kilometers north from McMahon Line.

India: Indian officials have incorporated southern Tibet and Tawang into the territory.

1979 when meeting with Indian foreign minister in February, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "China and India should seek common ground while reserving differences, and world problems can be solved in a fair and reasonable package through friendly consultation, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation." . 1987 The Indian Parliament passed a decree to formally establish Arunachal Pradesh south of McMahon Line. So far, how many immigrants from India have settled in southern Tibet is unknown. However, according to the estimation of the total population of Arunachal Pradesh about 2 million, there are nearly one million Indian immigrants in southern Tibet. However, since Arunachal Pradesh and southern Tibet do not completely overlap, it will be very difficult to deal with these immigrants if China raises the border issue again in the future.

China's ambassador to India, Sun Yuxi, pointed out in an exclusive interview with India's CNN-IBN TV station broadcast on the evening of June 5438+065438+1October 3, 2006: "China's position is that the Arunachal Pradesh you mentioned is all the territory of China, and China has complete sovereignty over it. This is our position. " However, the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs also publicly reiterated that "there is no doubt that Abang belongs to India". On May 26th, 2007, a delegation composed of Indian civil servants planned to visit China for investigation, but one of the Indian officials was from Arunachal Pradesh. Beijing authorities believe that once the visa is issued to the official, it is tantamount to acknowledging that Abang belongs to India. The authorities in New Delhi therefore cancelled the delegation's overseas visit.

visual angle

Maxwell, a western journalist, wrote in his book Neville, China's China War (London: Jonathan Cape Co., Ltd., 1970), "When China's army won a major victory, the China administration suddenly announced its unilateral and unconditional withdrawal, which made the world stunned rather than relieved. There has never been such a thing in the history of world war. The victors unilaterally and unconditionally withdrew their troops, while the losers made no promises. In fact, it also wiped out its hard-won victory at a huge price. "

Hui Jin, a writer of China People's Liberation Army, summed up that period of history in his book The Temptation of Medog: "The outcome is very clear. However, after nearly 30 years, looking at the war and its results now is completely another situation-the winner has everything except the name of failure; The loser gets everything from the winner except the name of the winner. Winners are extremely proud of their victory and indifferent to the complete loss and great humiliation of victory. The loser has been rubbing his hands and vowed to avenge his mistakes because he didn't get the reputation of a winner. Perhaps this is the irony of history. If India had won in those years, they would certainly not take advantage of this region now. If China had failed here at that time, it would probably not be so passive and pitiful now. "