What do you think of Zheng Chenggong's feat of recovering Taiwan Province Province?

The feat of successfully recovering Taiwan Province Province was well known from an early age.

Recently, I read the draft history "The Biography of Zheng Chenggong". Between the lines, I still read a little "accident". Of course, there are many Manchu veterans among the authors of the Draft of Qing History, so you can't believe all their comments. However, they still respect basic historical facts. For example, Zheng Chenggong refused to obey his father's orders, insisted on fighting against the Qing Dynasty and restoring sight, and persisted in fighting for it for more than ten years. Therefore, there is no doubt that Zheng Chenggong is a national hero, whether in the Ming Dynasty or in the Chinese nation. However, according to historical records, Zheng Chenggong sent troops to recover Taiwan Province, but it was passive. Because, under the heavy suppression of the Qing army, Zheng Chenggong's strategic room for manoeuvre is getting smaller and smaller. In order to survive and save his ambition of regaining sight, he had to send troops to Taiwan Province.

Zheng Chenggong (1624- 1662) was born in Shijing Town, Nan 'an City, Fujian Province. His ancestral home is Deng da miao cun, Wang Peng Township, Gushi County, Henan Province. There is a biography in the Draft of Qing History: "Zheng Chenggong was born in Nan 'an, Fujian. Father Zhilong, who entered the sea next season, is a thief of Yan Siqi; When Si Qi dies, he will take the lead. At the beginning of Chongzhen, Xiong Wencan, the governor, asked for surrender and was awarded a guerrilla general. Catching pirates, Li, and attacking the red hair is tiring for the company commander. " His father, Zheng Zhilong, was originally named Zheng. History books say that Zheng was "less lonely", studied maritime affairs since childhood, was "easy-going, disliked reading, had physical strength and was good at boxing", and "indulged himself, drifted away and lost his father's love". It seems that he was a bad boy who was used to it since childhood. From today's perspective, Zheng Zhilong is a pirate and a businessman. He started his business with his mother's uncle Huang Cheng, and later became friends with 28 famous pirates, including Yan, and became famous in the Taiwan Province Strait and the East China Sea. Zheng Zhilong was recruited as an official by the Ming Dynasty.

There are many records about Zheng Chenggong's birth in the history books. It is said that in the third year of tomorrow (1623), Zheng Zhilong will escort the goods to Nagasaki, Japan for his mother's uncle Huang Cheng, stay in Japan for business, and marry Tian, the daughter of a retainer of Hafu Qianping, Hanoi. In the second year of marriage, that is, on July 14th of the fourth year tomorrow (1624), Mr. Tian went out to Qianlibin Beach. "Pick up the tablet, I will be born, but I won't go home, because it is a flat boulder on the beach to celebrate my birthday" (some people call Zheng Chenggong the birthday stone). It is said that on the night of birth, all the fires were burning brightly. However, this field seems to have different views in the history books. It is said that Tian is Japanese. There is also a saying that he is an expatriate from China, who moved to Japan with his family in his early years and then returned to Japan. It is said that when he was a child, Zheng Chenggong's name was Zheng Sen, also known as Fu Song. At the age of six, he had been studying in a private school. He is smart, lively, witty and charming.

Zheng Chenggong is old and fragile, just as the Ming Dynasty was teetering. Manchu entered the customs, Li Zicheng was defeated, and the Southern Ming Dynasty. In chronological order, "Hong Guang regime" (also known as "Axe King regime") was established by Axe King and Zhu Yousong in May of the first year of Shunzhi (1644). In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Wang Zhu of the Tang Dynasty established the Longwu regime in Fuzhou. In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), King Gui and Zhu Youlang established a "permanent regime" in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Of these three regimes, the first two were short-lived, and the third was a little longer and survived 16 years. At this time, Zheng Zhilong was an official in Fujian. After the fall of the regime, he supported the Tang Dynasty King Zhu to join the struggle against the Qing Dynasty and regain his sight as a "princess" in the court of Longwu. 1644, Emperor Qianlong sent a letter to Zheng Zhilong to introduce his son Zheng Senbi. There is a dialogue, which is very interesting. Emperor Longwu asked: "Jiangshan is in danger! Why are you following me? " Zheng Sen replied in Yue Fei's words: "Wen is not greedy for money, Wu is not afraid of death, and Jiangshan can be guaranteed." Emperor Longwu saw Zheng Sen's extraordinary spirit and clear and peculiar writing. He caressed his back and said, "It's a pity that there is no female companion. You should be loyal to my family and never forget each other. " Therefore, Zhu was specially given the country's surname, and his name was changed successfully. He sought loyalty, filial piety and righteousness, became the commander-in-chief of the imperial army, and gave business. Therefore, this is also the origin of the world calling it "national surname".

Maybe Zheng Chenggong is a grateful person. He was deeply relied on by Emperor Longwu, and since then he has been bent on fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight. However, his father Zheng Zhilong is a mouse wagging its tail. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (the second year of Nanming Longwu 1646), the Qing army conquered Fujian, and Emperor Longwu was captured and died of hunger strike. The Tang King is the eighth grandson of Zhu Chang, the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang. It is said that. He is an ambitious, honest man. The history book says, "I don't drink alcohol today, and I don't care about details. I have a deep understanding of the past and the present, and I have lofty aspirations. I have never seen anything under the sun." At this time, Hong Chengchou, an old minister of the Ming Dynasty, sent a letter to Jiangnan, and Zheng Zhilong was among them. Zheng Zhilong thought that the Ming Dynasty had been unlucky, and the Qing court promised to be lured by the "Governor of Fujian and Guangdong", so he ignored Zheng Chenggong's bitter remonstrance and went north to Fuzhou alone to clear up. However, Zheng Zhilong never imagined that when he left his hometown, the Qing army invaded Anping and robbed Fu Zheng. Zheng Zhilong's wife Tian didn't escape. She hanged herself at the age of 45 for fear of humiliation (some people say that she committed suicide by caesarean section). Unofficial history also said that Tian committed suicide after being raped, cut off his mother's abdomen, washed it and buried it.

According to historical records, Zheng Chenggong made up his mind and vowed to declare that "the country hates family feuds" and confront the Qing court. In December of the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), Zheng Chenggong took up his troops in Leyu (Xiaojinmen), with a clear-cut stand: "Loyalty and filial piety called on General Zhu Chenggong to be the minister of punishment." In the third year of Li Yong (1649), it was renamed Nanming Li Yong, and Li Yong, the emperor in Guangdong and Guangxi, made it the king of Yanping County. Since then, Zheng Chenggong has occupied Xiaojinmen and Xiamen by virtue of its maritime superiority and defeated the Qing army many times. Shocked, the court ordered Zheng Zhilong to sue Zheng Chenggong several times (note: after Zheng Zhilong entered Beijing, he was named Tongan Hou by the Qing court). On one occasion, Zheng Zhilong sent his family to surrender to Zheng Chenggong, and brought a letter from the governor of Fujian to protect his life and safety, and named Zheng Chenggong General Jinghai. Zheng Zhilong's younger brother Zheng Zhibao and others all surrendered, but Zheng Chenggong resolutely refused. It is said that Zheng Chenggong asked the lobbyist to bring back a letter to his father, which said: "When my father went to see Baylor (referring to his father's Qing Dynasty), he had already entered the valley. He won all this and was lucky." In case the father is unlucky, it is a kind of fate, and the son will only take revenge for the white mourning to achieve the purpose of loyalty and filial piety. "Between loyalty and filial piety, Zheng Chenggong chose loyalty. 1657, due to ineffective persuasion, the Qing court was angry with the Zheng Zhilong brothers, and recorded that "Zheng Zhilong was imprisoned in a high wall and Zheng Zhibao was imprisoned in Ningguta". One in custody, one in exile.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Zheng Chenggong not only failed to surrender, but led more than 100,000 land and water troops to the Northern Expedition. The following year, he entered the Yangtze River, conquered Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing. However, due to repeated victories, Zheng Chenggong had the idea of underestimating the enemy. At this time, father-in-law Zheng even thought that he could go to Nanjing to "pay homage to Ming Taizu Mausoleum" and plan to "buy wine to be an official", but he was a little carried away by the victory. His biggest mistake was to "rush to attack Nanjing with a land division." As we all know, his elite should be a navy division. As a result, "the whole army fled and suffered a great defeat." Zheng Chenggong had to lead the others out of the water. According to the records of Qing history, Zheng Chenggong "had a boundless life, abandoned Guazhou and Zhenjiang and went to sea". He even tried to "win Chongming" halfway, but failed. Finally, I went back to the original point and retreated to Jinmen and Xiamen, which was badly hurt. At this time, Zheng Chenggong's living environment was obviously not as good as before.

"The Draft of Qing History" said: "Success has been defeated in Jiangnan, and it is not easy to make progress; Wang Gui entered Myanmar to show unity and became increasingly nervous, so it adopted Taiwan Province. " . Zheng Chenggong understands that it is not easy to recover Daming and it is difficult to survive. At this time, although the emperor had the backing of Li Zicheng and Zhang, he could not resist the blow of the Qing army and retreated to Myanmar. Where is his future? At this time, a subordinate of Zheng Zhilong came to Kinmen from Taiwan Province Province to talk about Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Province, Zheng Chenggong is also very familiar with it. His father, Zheng Zhilong, was a thief in Taiwan Province Province in his early years. The Qing Dynasty said, "Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Island in the sea, is inhabited by Dutch red hair. When Zhilong and Yan Siqi were thieves, they tasted it here. " At that time, Zheng Zhilong had recruited tens of thousands of victims in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian to make a living in Taiwan Province Province. "One person gives three taels of silver, and three people give a cow." . In Taiwanese history, Zheng Zhilong was probably the first person to organize large-scale immigration to Taiwan Province Province. In other words, there are many followers of Zheng Zhilong in Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong was overjoyed. He knew that this trip to Taiwan Province Province should have a good mass base. He made a decision at once.

The story behind is familiar. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), on the first day of the third lunar month, Zheng Chenggong swore allegiance to the sea in Kinmen and marched into Taiwan Province Province. On the first day of April (April 30th of Gregorian calendar), Zheng Jun landed in Taiwan Province Province. On the eighth day of April, he landed in Anping and occupied the south of Taiwan Province Province. In May, Zheng Chenggong attacked the eastern capital of Taiwan Province and changed Chiba City to Chengtianfu. The Dutch surrendered to Anping after defeat. Zheng Chenggong said a famous saying when he besieged the Dutch. He sent a special envoy to Holland: "I have land, so I should return it;" The treasure was sent home. "The land belongs to China and must be returned. As for your things, you can take them away. Landing, graceful. This year, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne. In the history of the Qing Dynasty, he said, "It's the age when the Holy Father acceded to the throne, and he killed Zhilong and other scholars in order to be kind and silent. "According to historical records, on the third day of October that year, the Qing court was angry with Zheng Zhilong again. Zheng Zhilong and his descendants' families were killed in Chai City 1 1. Poor Zheng, old and young in Beijing. Zheng Zhilong gambled all his life, but he gambled on his own reputation, which ruined his family and made people lament.

Since then, the Zheng family has been established in Taiwan Province. 1662 Open the Kingdom of Dongning. Set up "Chengtianfu" and change Tainan to "East Capital" to show the intention of waiting for the emperor to come to the east, so as to resist the Qing Dynasty overseas. However, in April of the same year, news came that Wang Gui Zhu Youlang had passed away in Myanmar. From then on, Zheng Chenggong decided not to establish a new emperor, but to become the master of Taiwan Province Province. Unfortunately, Zheng Chenggong fell ill soon after he arrived in Taiwan Province. Probably infected with the epidemic. He died in May of the same year at the age of 39. There is another saying that he was killed by his son Zheng Jing (also known as Zheng Jin). The reason is that Zheng Chenggong found out that Zheng Jing was having an affair with the wet nurse, "Evil brocade was having an affair with the wet nurse" and "sending troops to refuse life" was too much. "History of Qing Dynasty" said: "If you succeed, you will get sick, smell it, bite your fingers angrily, and the moon will be new in May." Li Guangdi's "The Continuation of Rong Quotations" records: "Ma Xin (Zheng Chenggong's confidant) recommended the doctor to take a cooling agent because of heatstroke, but it was too late and died." Others said that they "stamped their feet and shouted." It can be seen that Zheng Chenggong was furious when he died.

"County Records of Taiwan Province" said that "Guo surnamed Gong was ill at the beginning, and on the second day of May, it was dark, and wasps blew. On the third day, it was even stormy, and the waves in Taijiang and Anping were huge, and then it flashed like a landslide", "On the fifth day, Yu Ping was fine, and on the eighth day, Guo surnamed Ye died" ... Obviously this is a folk saying, which is a bit superstitious.

There are many interpretations of the story of Zheng's descendants in Taiwan Province Province and the story of Emperor Kangxi's final unification of Taiwan Province Province. It's not mentioned here However, one thing seems to have been mentioned. After Emperor Kangxi recovered Taiwan Province Province, he ordered the tombs of Zheng Chenggong and his descendants to be moved back to the ancestral graves in Nan 'an, Fujian. Somehow? Perhaps he is afraid of the far-reaching influence of Zheng's descendants in Taiwan Province Province? ! Emperor Kangxi also wrote elegies to mourn Zheng Chenggong, who was still revered. Transcribed as follows:

Four towns have more than two hearts, two islands are teachers, and they dare to compete for half of the southeast;

The king has no land, and when he confronts his ambition, he knows that there are lonely loyalties overseas.