Is the Yangtze River Delta an area surrounded by Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou?

The Yangtze River and Qiantang River are alluvial deltas. Including China, Shanghai, the southeast of Jiangsu Province and the northeast of Zhejiang Province, covering an area of about 40,000 square kilometers. The apex of the delta is located in Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, reaching Xiaoyangkou in the north and Hangzhou Bay in the south. The average annual sediment discharge of the Yangtze River is 4? 900 million tons, generally 28% of the sediment is deposited in the Yangtze estuary, and in some cases 78%, so the delta has been moving forward. The ancient sand mouth in Yangzhou, Taizhou, Taixing and Rugao north of the Yangtze River is 7? Eight meters. Changzhou, Changshu, Taicang and Jinshan, south of the Yangtze River, are also 4? Six meters. The ancient sand mouths in Jiangbei and Jiangnan developed gradually after the highest sea level stabilized in the Late Glaciation. About 2000 years ago, the sand mouth on the north bank extended to Liaojiaozui, and the Gangshan on the south bank extended to Wangpanshan. The Yangtze estuary is bound by it, and the sediment keeps accumulating, from 1958? 1973 moves forward every year on average148m. On the delta, except for a few, the altitude is 100? The 200-meter-long residual mound stands outside, and the ground height is all below 10 meter. It belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant rainfall and dense lakes and artificial rivers. Rich in rice, wheat, cotton, rape, peanuts, silk, fish and shrimp, it is a famous "land of plenty" and one of the most densely populated areas in China. There are many important towns in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on both sides of the Shanghai-Nanjing line, such as Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang in the south of the Yangtze River and Yangzhou, Taizhou and Nantong in the north of the Yangtze River. Among them, Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city in China, and Wuxi and Suzhou are scenic spots.

The Yangtze River Delta is located near 30 north latitude, in the middle of the eastern coast of China, at the mouth of the Yangtze River, in a subtropical monsoon climate zone. Summer is hot and rainy, and rain and heat coexist.

The Yangtze River Delta in the traditional sense starts from Toarey Yang Canal in the north, Hangzhou Bay in the south, Nanjing in the west and the seashore in the east, including Shanghai, southern Jiangsu Province, northern Zhejiang Province and its adjacent waters. With an area of about 99,600 square kilometers and a population of about 75 million, it is a vast plain. Here, the coastline is straight, the sea water is muddy with yellow sand, and there are shoals in the intertidal zone with a width of several kilometers to dozens of kilometers. This metropolis group has gathered strong strength in industry, finance, trade, education, science and technology, culture and so on. It plays an important role in promoting the economic development of the Yangtze River basin, connecting domestic and foreign markets, attracting overseas investment, promoting industrial and technological transfer, participating in international competition and regional structural adjustment.

Geographically, the Yangtze River Delta is the largest estuary delta in China, which generally refers to the alluvial plain where the Yangtze River sediments are deposited to the east of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. It is located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City and Hangjiahu District of Zhejiang Province. The apex of the Yangtze River Delta is near Zhou Zhen Town, Yizheng City, with Yangzhou, Jiangdu, Taizhou, Jiangyan, Hai 'an and Bencha as the northern boundary, Zhenjiang, Ningzhen Mountains, the eastern foot of Maoshan Mountain, the northern foot of Tianmu Mountain to the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay as the western boundary and the southern boundary, and the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea as the eastern boundary.

According to the State Council's guidance on the further development of the Yangtze River Delta in 2008, it was formally decided to expand the Yangtze River Delta to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai provinces and one city. This strategic plan gives consideration to regional balance and complementarity, and brings northern Jiangsu and southwestern Zhejiang into the Yangtze River Delta, which obviously enhances the strength and development potential of the Yangtze River Delta in terms of land, resources and talents. The total economic output of the Yangtze River Delta in China has also increased from less than 1/5 to nearly 1/4, especially in northern Jiangsu and southwestern Zhejiang, which will become the regions with the most growth potential and play an extremely important role in stimulating the economic growth of the whole region and promoting the industrial allocation in the core areas of the Yangtze River Delta.

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The delta basement is a part of the Yangtze paraplatform, and the Himalayan tectonic movement interrupted the subsidence. During the Quaternary neotectonic movement, the crust and sea level frequently rose and fell. After the last transgression, the sediment carried by the Yangtze River continued to deposit and began to develop deltas in the estuary.

Because of the Coriolis force, the main river keeps turning right, which makes the estuary sand group merge into the north bank in turn. The sandbars and sandbars formed in Hongqiao period, Huangqiao period, Jinsha period, Haimen period and Beisha period formed the Hanjiang, Taixing, Jingjiang, Rugao, Nantong, Haimen and Qidong counties on the north bank of the Yangtze River today. Now Chongming, Changxing, Hengsha and other sand islands near the estuary will also be merged into the north shore according to this law. The estuary sand mouth also extends synchronously.

The sand mouth on the north bank extends to the northern boundary of the current delta, with a ground elevation of 6-8 meters.

The sand mouth on the south bank extends eastward through Jiangyin, Taicang, Waigang and Maqiao, with a ground elevation of about 4.5 ~ 6 meters, and reaches Hangzhou Bay after connecting with the north bank of Qiantang River. The repulse bay in Shazui silted up and became the predecessor of the ancient Taihu Lake. Since then, the shallow bay has silted up and gradually evolved into a low plain crisscrossed by lakes and rivers. The coastal areas outside the south bank of Shazui are continuously silted into coastal plains.

A series of residual hills with an altitude of 100 ~ 300 meters are scattered on the delta, most of which are composed of Devonian sandstone and Carboniferous and Permian limestone, and a few are composed of Yanshanian granite and trachyte.

The Yangtze River Delta region includes Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan and Wenzhou.

[Edit this paragraph] History

In the early days of the delta, humans engaged in fishing, hunting and farming here.

After two great migrations in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty in the 4th-6th century A.D. and the river network construction since13rd century, the delta has gradually developed into a famous "land of plenty" and "land of silk" in China.

Modern industry rose earlier, inland navigation was developed, Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou railways were built one after another, and Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Nantong and Yangzhou in Jiangsu, and Hangzhou and Jiaxing in Zhejiang developed into industrial cities one after another.

In order to promote and strengthen the economic union and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta region and promote the sustainable economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the 14th municipal economic commissions (offices) were initiated and organized by Shanghai, Wuxi, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Nanjing, Nantong, Changzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing and Zhenjiang 1992, 14.

1997, the municipal government of the above-mentioned 14 city and the municipal government of the newly established 15 city in Taizhou voluntarily formed a new economic coordination organization-Yangtze River Delta Urban Economic Coordination Committee through equal consultation. The coordination meeting shall have a standing chairman and an executive chairman. The executive chairman is held by Shanghai, and the executive chairman is held by other member cities except Shanghai in turn. The Coordinating Committee holds a formal meeting every two years. The coordination meeting set up a liaison office as a permanent office around the executive chairman, responsible for daily work. The member city cooperation offices (commissions) serve as the specific liaison and service departments of the coordination meeting.

In 2008, the State Council officially set the Yangtze River Delta as two provinces and one city.

[Edit this paragraph] The meaning of the Yangtze River Delta

China Yangtze River and Qiantang River are alluvial deltas where they enter the sea. Including the southeast of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai, and the northeast of Zhejiang Province. It is a part of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It covers an area of about 50,000 square kilometers. The apex of the delta is in Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, and the north reaches Xiaoyangkou. South bank of Hangzhou Bay. The elevation is mostly below10m, and the low hills (such as Huishan, Tianpingshan, Yushan and Langshan) are scattered, with an elevation of 200-300m. The annual sediment discharge of the Yangtze River is 400-900 million tons. In general, 28% of the sediment is deposited in the Yangtze River, and in some years it is as high as 78%. The delta continues to extend to the sea. The ancient sand mouths in Changzhou, Changshu, Taicang and Jinshan districts south of the Yangtze River are mostly 4 ~ 6 meters above sea level; The ancient sand mouth in Yangzhou, Taizhou, Taixing and Rugao, north of the Yangtze River, is 7-8 meters above sea level. The ancient sand mouths in Jiangnan and Jiangbei developed gradually after the highest sea level stabilized in the late glacial period. By about 2000, the north bank sand mouth extended to Liaojiaozui, and the south bank sand mouth extended to the southeast with the mainstream of the Yangtze River and connected with the mouth sand mouth of Qiantang River. Sediment continues to accumulate, advancing annually 1958 ~ 1973. It belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant rainfall, criss-crossing waterways and dotted lakes, and is known as a water town and a country. The land is fertile, and agriculture mainly produces rice, cotton, wheat, rape, peanuts, silk, fish and shrimp. It is one of the most densely populated areas in China. There are many important towns in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on both sides of the Shanghai-Nanjing line, such as Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Xuzhou, Huai 'an, Yancheng and Lianyungang. Among them, Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city in China and a world-famous foreign trade port. Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou are scenic spots and emerging industrial cities.

The Yangtze River Delta is a concept with multiple meanings.

Geographical concept: where the Yangtze River enters the sea, a flat and roughly triangular land is formed due to the continuous deposition of sediment contained in the river. The Wanli Yangtze River flows into the sea from west to east, and the river surges down, and the sediment it carries is constantly deposited in the estuary. After thousands of years, it finally formed an open and broad triangular land.

Concept of industrial economy: Jiangsu-Zhejiang economic belt with Shanghai as the leading factor. This is an economic field with the fastest economic development, the largest economic aggregate and the greatest development potential in China. Statistics in 2004 show that the Yangtze River Delta region accounts for 1% of the national land and 5.8% of the national population, creating 18.7% of GDP, 22% of national fiscal revenue and 18.4% of foreign trade exports.

The rapid gathering of international capital and private capital in the Yangtze River Delta is not only expanding in scale, but also promoting the rapid economic development of this region with its unique vitality. According to statistics, from June to September 2003, the GDP of Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Ningbo all exceeded 654.38+000 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+02% over the same period. Shanghai's GDP exceeded 390 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of over 654.38+00%. This rapid economic growth, which is 3 to 5 percentage points higher than the national growth rate, has been maintained in the Yangtze River Delta for many years.

On this fertile land in China, vibrant large-scale urban agglomerations are constantly rising: "super giant" Shanghai, with an annual GDP of over 654.38 billion yuan, ranks first in the country; The annual GDP of "heavyweight giants" Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo and Nanjing is 200-500 billion yuan; The annual GDP of "Little Giants" Shaoxing, Nantong, Changzhou, Taizhou and Jiaxing exceeds 654.38+000 billion yuan. The county economy, which brings richness and layering to the "Yangtze River Delta" metropolitan area, is highly competitive. In the ranking of the top 100 counties and cities in China published in June 2005, seven counties and cities (districts) in the Yangtze River Delta entered the top ten. The rise of county economy makes the contiguous urbanization of cities in the Yangtze River Delta possible.

This group of economic giants directly attracted the attention of many world-class economic giants. At present, more than 400 Fortune 500 companies have settled here, of which more than 200 have set up regional headquarters in Shanghai and China headquarters, with 8 1 company and 88 investment projects in Suzhou alone. According to incomplete statistics, the contractual utilization of foreign capital in this region has reached nearly 654.38+05 billion US dollars. The Yangtze River Delta has become a powerful magnetic field to attract international capital and technology.

In the "Yangtze River Delta" metropolitan area, enterprises, as the main force of economic development, take the lead. There are nearly half of the top 100 counties in China, and there are nearly 100 industrial parks with an annual industrial output value exceeding 100 billion yuan. There are thousands of giant enterprises such as Wanxiang Group, Jinshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Ethylene, Volkswagen, Shanghai Bell and Dongfang Communication. Most of these enterprises are large in scale and strong in strength, and their product market share ranks among the best in the country and occupies a place in the international market.

Shanghai is one of the international economic, financial, trade and shipping centers, which has promoted the development of the "Yangtze River Delta" region and the whole Yangtze River basin. 20 10 Shanghai World Expo has brought good opportunities to Shanghai in all aspects, and Shanghai is striving to become a "world city". Shanghai's strong radiation and the rapid development of neighboring cities with access to water have made cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang aware of the importance of regional cooperation. Other cities are trying to find their own urban positioning, looking for opportunities for urban rise in the flow of funds, information, talents and commodities.

Connecting with Shanghai, realizing * * * and promoting economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta have become the knowledge of local governments in the Yangtze River Delta region. Suzhou: near the water tower, surrounded by layout; Wuxi: integrate into integration and seek new development; Nanjing: echoing Shanghai and radiating the surrounding area; Hangzhou: connecting with Shanghai, dislocation development. Cities around the "Yangtze River Delta" invariably take the linkage with Shanghai as an important strategy. Taking the road and bridge traffic network planning and construction as an opportunity, the Yangtze River Delta is building a "three-hour economic circle".

The trend of great integration has already begun. The projects in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai have involved many fields such as transportation, tourism, exhibitions, talents, science and technology, information, trademarks, credit, quality inspection and environmental protection. High-level cooperation and linkage, such as industrial planning, policies and regulations, and financial services, are being discussed from shallow to deep. And "connecting with Shanghai" has gone beyond the significance of a simple investment platform.

Yangtze River Delta integration is a microcosm of economic globalization after China's entry into WTO. The existence of a large number of foreign companies has greatly enhanced the degree of economic internationalization in the Yangtze River Delta region. The whole Yangtze River Delta is becoming a "world factory", and products made in China are constantly moving towards the world from here.

The Yangtze River Delta is the largest opening area in China, with a solid industrial base, developed commodity economy and convenient land and water transportation, and it is the largest foreign trade export base in China.

The Yangtze River is one of the economic open areas in China.

[Edit this paragraph] Traffic in the Yangtze River Delta

The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most developed areas in China.

Railways: Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, Ningqi Railway, Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway (under construction), Xinchang Railway and Yongtaiwen Railway (under construction).

Highways: Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, Nanjing-Hangzhou Expressway, Sujiahang Expressway, Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway, Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway, Suzhou Ring Expressway, Hangzhou Ring Expressway, Xicheng Expressway, Jiangsu Jiang Yan Expressway, Shangsan Expressway, Yongtaiwen Expressway, Liyang Expressway and Tong Ning Expressway.

Airports: Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport, Zhejiang Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, ningbo lishe international airport, Taizhou Huangyan Luqiao Airport, Jiangsu Nanjing Lukou International Airport, Changzhou Niu Ben Airport, Wuxi Sunan International Airport and Nantong Airport.

Shipping: Shanghai Port, Suzhou Port, Zhapu Port, Beilun Port, Zhoushan Port, Taizhou Port, Nantong Port and Nanjing Port.

Bridges: Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge, Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge, Runyang Yangtze River Bridge, Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, Nanjing Third Yangtze River Bridge, Donghai Bridge, Hangzhou Bay Bridge, etc.