Complete collection of detailed data of Austronesian language family

Austronesian language family, also known as Malay-Polynesian language family, is the only language family mainly distributed on islands in the world, and it is also one of the most widely distributed language families in the world. They are mainly distributed in the vast sea islands from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island in the east, Taiwan Province Island and Hawaiian Islands in the north and New Zealand in the south. Several languages in Indochina Peninsula also belong to Austronesian family, such as Vietnamese, Calais and Latvian. The distribution density of Austronesian languages is also the smallest in the world. Most Austronesian speakers live in Southeast Asia, and the population in other areas is relatively small.

Chinese name: Austronesian language: mbth, Austronesian language: 1200 or above. Population: over 250 million. Coverage, historical evolution, ancestors' exploration, mainland distribution, southeast coast, historical causes, mystery of mainland distribution, excavation and textual research. Austronesian languages cover Indonesian, Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesia languages. Known to include 1200 languages, with a population of over 250 million. Among them, Indonesian includes Austronesian, Tagalog, Pisayan, Malay, Javanese and Madagascar. The representative languages of Polynesian language family are Maori, Tongan, Samoan, Niue, Maxas, Hawaiian and so on. The representative languages of Melanesian language family are Fijian, Lifu, Motu and amri. The main languages of Micronesia are Marshall, Saipan, Noru and Chamorro. Where did the Austronesian language family come from? Some people say it originated from the South Asian language family, some people say it originated from the Indo-European language family, and some people say it originated from the Zhuang-Dong language family. These assumptions are based on a lack of evidence. According to the route and evidence that human beings originated in Africa, it is not difficult to find that Austronesian language family is one of the ancestors of many language families (sound change recognition in comparative linguistics), and Homo sapiens excavated in Java, Indonesia, was much earlier than that excavated in South Asia. Therefore, Malay archipelago is the main source of Austronesian language family in Indonesia. The late linguist Xing Gongwan's view that Austronesian languages originated from Sino-Tibetan languages is obviously not valid. On the contrary, in the Sino-Tibetan language family, Austronesian language family has a far-reaching influence on Tibetan language. The evidence is that there are phonetic changes of Malay cognates in Tibetan, which are the superposition and deformation of Malay roots. But Malay does not have the superposition and deformation of Tibetan roots. This shows that Austronesian languages influence Sino-Tibetan and Zhuang-Dong languages by influencing South Asian languages. Austronesian languages and Javanese have a high level of culture in the19th century. This achievement can only be achieved by the continuous development of local ancient culture. In this way, the famous Austronesian language family did not come from anywhere, but was born and bred. However, the minority immigrant groups in South Island are called mixed-race Austronesian languages. For example, some ethnic groups in the Philippines and Indonesia are short blacks from Australia, and some ethnic groups in Polynesia are aborigines from South America. The fossils of Thoreau ape-man (scientific name: Homo Soloinensis) and Vijaya (scientific name: Homo Wajakensis) found in Java Island indicate that Malays originated in the Malay archipelago, and perhaps Malays came from Java Island. In other areas, Austronesian languages have different origins, some are native, and some come from South America and Australia. The languages of all ethnic groups in the South Island are different from Indo-European languages in Central Asia, and are completely different from other languages in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Among them, only some words in Polynesian and Japanese are similar in pronunciation. Ancestor exploration experts said that the cultural exchange and ethnic migration in the Taiwan Province Strait in the Neolithic Age were important topics to study the development of prehistoric navigation in the southeast coast, the origin of Minnan people and the prehistoric culture of Austronesian languages. Since 1930s, this theme has attracted the attention of many scholars in the fields of archaeology, anthropology and linguistics in the Pacific region. The geographical category of Austronesian languages is distributed in hundreds of island countries from the South Pacific to the Indian Ocean, including 1, 000 to 1, more than 200 languages. Its distribution area is Easter Island in the east of the Pacific Ocean, Madagascar in the Indian Ocean in the west, Taiwan Province Island in the north and New Zealand in the south. Its main living areas include Taiwan Province Province, the Philippines, Malaysia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Austronesian population is about 270 million. Where did the ancestors of these island countries come from? In the Paleolithic Age, when the means of transportation at sea were extremely underdeveloped, how did they cross the rough sea and disperse to the islands of two oceans? In fact, it is wrong to classify Austronesian languages as one origin in general. Austronesian language families only differ in language contrast, not in race. Only Austronesians can be divided into Malays, Australians, Polynesians, short blacks and so on. Among them, the Malay race originated from the integration of immigrants from Java and South Asia, and the Malay brown race continued to immigrate to Fujian in the later period, forming one of the earliest aborigines in Fujian, and other large aborigines in Fujian belonged to the branch of Khmer in South Asia. The mainland is located in the southeast coast, which has been confirmed by the joint investigation and study of Chinese and American archaeologists in Dongshan Island for more than two years. In March 2006, the author learned from Dongshan County Museum that after more than two years of joint investigation and research by Chinese and American archaeologists, Austronesian languages in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean had reached Fujian Province in the Neolithic Age, forming local aborigines in Fujian. This great discovery proves that Austronesian languages were also distributed in Fujian before the Neolithic Age. The historical reason is that the Xia dynasty has not yet been established and there is no concept of a country. Before the Xia Dynasty, some brown people in Fujian developed slowly, but the cultural excellence of the Central Plains did not involve Fujian. Around the Spring and Autumn Period, Fujian established the first slave country "Iron House Country". Until the early years of Qin Dynasty, after Qin destroyed Chu, it continued to invade Fujian. At that time, the southernmost point of Yue was Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and further south was the category of "Iron Building Kingdom". "Bound Lou Guo" resisted the invasion of the Qin Dynasty to the death all over the country, but it was finally defeated. ".Some brown people fled to Taiwan Province province, and the rest of the" Tielou people "accepted the subordinate rule of the Qin Dynasty. After Qin's death, Tielou was once again free, but for a short time. Soon Liu Bang's army invaded the border of the iron building. Due to the disparity in strength, the "Tielou Kingdom" was defeated again and became a subordinate country of the Han Dynasty, renamed as "Fujian and Yue Kingdom". During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the state of Fujian and Yue was abolished as a county, and from then on, the state of Fujian and Yue perished and became a part of the Han Dynasty. In order to disintegrate the adherents of Fujian and Vietnam, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed their nobles and elders. Some adherents fled to Taiwan Province Province, while others were isolated by northerners, and finally disappeared in Fujian for various reasons. This is why modern Fujian people contain a lot of northern O3, and a few contain Baiyue O2, but not South Island M 1 and M2. Today's Fujian people belong to the yellow race, and they are descendants of the integration of the northern Han people and Baiyue, but they are not descendants of the South Island people. Austronesian language family belongs to brown race or brown-white race, which is genetically different from modern Fujian people. According to authoritative experts' research, "Austronesian Language Family" has been to Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands and the southeast coast of China. A few years ago, we found some definite evidence in Taiwan Province Province, but we have been to the southeast coast of Fujian, and there has been a lack of strong evidence. In order to solve the mystery of whether Austronesian languages are distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian, experts such as the team leader, researcher Lin Gonggong and associate researcher Fan of Fujian Provincial Museum, and the team jointly organized by Barry Raleigh, Nakenla Steele, Professor Paul Carlos of the University of Hawaii, Dr. Jiao Tianlong from the Department of Anthropology of Harvard University and the Department of Anthropology of the University of Hawaii entered aojiao Fishing Village in Dongshan Island in 2003. With the topic of "Navigation and communication in the Taiwan Province Strait in Neolithic Age and the distribution of Austronesian languages", this paper further explores and studies the Neolithic Beiqiu in damao mountain, Dongshan Island, Fujian Province, which is closest to the Taiwan Province Strait. Adhering to the principle of "protection first, rescue first", they adopted advanced scientific excavation methods for the first time in Fujian, and extracted and screened a large amount of specimen information from small exploration means. In archaeological work, Chinese and American experts unearthed 25 kinds of Neolithic shellfish in Beiqiu, Tai Mao Mountain, which is rich in cultural relics (about 5000 years ago). Fish have cartilage and hard bones, mainly the bones of dolphins, sharks and mammals. Animals include antlers and pig bones. Pottery includes argillaceous, sand-mixed pots, pots, etc. Stones include stone pins, stone arrows, stone tools and jade articles; Fish hooks made of bones are used as production tools such as ceramic spinning wheels for textile. Experts conducted multidisciplinary tests, sorting and analysis on the excavated treasures, with a view to obtaining information such as the place of origin, the economic form of the age of existence, and the exchange areas, and providing important research basis for "whether Austronesian languages have been distributed in the southeast coastal areas" and the origin of the prehistoric relationship between Fujian and Taiwan. Many cultural relics can't be identified at the moment, so they are sent to Beijing and the United States for further research and demonstration with advanced instruments. Excavation and textual research In June 5438+October 2005 10, professors such as Barry Raleigh, Nakenla Steele and Paul Carlos of the University of Hawaii returned to the United States and published articles and photos about the distribution of Austronesian languages in Dongshan Island. According to the report, they joined hands with archaeologists in China to conduct field archaeology, and agreed that Taiwan Province Province had found the exact evidence of "the distribution of Austronesian languages", while Dongshan and Taiwan Province Province were not only geographically close, but also found that a large number of cultural relics just unearthed were very similar to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu, and the age was earlier, so it can be concluded that the scope of indigenous activities in Taiwan Province Province involved Dongshan Island. This has important research value and provides a very rich basis for whether Austronesian language families are distributed in the southeast coast of Fujian and the origin of prehistoric relations between Fujian and Taiwan.