How to play a leading role in the construction of new urbanization

1. Strengthen the service orientation and guide the spontaneous growth potential of the city.

With the progress of technology, the development of industrialization and urbanization characterized by mass production will inevitably bring about the agglomeration of urban population. New immigrants (immigrants, rural population) usually arrive in the city at their first stop. Compared with the migration flow between western countries, China's "village in the city" mainly accommodates its own "immigrants", but there is no difference between them in essence. At present, China's urbanization rate has reached 5 1.27%, but the proportion of urban registered population in the total population is only about 35% ~ 38%. Nearly half of the nearly 700 million urban population are not real urban citizens, that is, "semi-urbanization" or "pseudo-urbanization". A large number of migrant workers have achieved geographical transfer and career change, but they have not yet achieved the change of identity and status, and temporarily live in "villages in the city". Hundreds of millions of people moved out, leaving "hollow villages" in the countryside. Migrant workers have injected a steady stream of power into the development of the city and propped up the economy of the city. If a city wants to maintain a lasting development momentum, it must provide low-income groups with housing, facilities and services suitable for their consumption characteristics and abilities, and promote the transformation of migrants into urban citizens. "Village in the city" is the first stop for rural immigrants to become a member of the city, and it is also a necessary stop. We can't be afraid of it, we can only accommodate it.

Throughout the process of urbanization in developed countries, Britain, as the first country to complete the industrial revolution and urbanization, is very representative of urban renewal in the process of urbanization. In the early stage of urbanization, the unprecedented development of industry attracted a large number of agricultural population to flood into cities, and hastily built houses, factories and service facilities became later "old cities" and "inner cities", which were also the main targets of renewal. In the19th century, at least 40% of Londoners were immigrants. With the adjustment of policies and the improvement of the environment, London, a settled city, has steadily passed through one revolutionary era after another, becoming more and more vibrant. The main reason is that the establishment of social welfare and security system has greatly improved the possibility of citizens, especially immigrants, getting education and medical services. The city has also made great improvements in housing, transportation, infrastructure and energy system. The problems of urban poverty, housing demand, low-income people and loss of employment opportunities have been solved, and a series of laws and regulations have been adopted to ensure the effective implementation of urban renewal. At the same time, in the process of transformation, special attention is paid to the scale of humanization and human needs. Combined with the comprehensive improvement of community environment and the revival of community economy, it will be gradually and cautiously improved in a small scale, such as the reconstruction project of minority residential areas in central London.

For our country, whether the people in the "villages in the city" can smoothly flow to the mainstream society of the city depends not only on their own efforts, but also on the multi-level and differentiated facilities and services of the government to meet their psychological needs such as life security, safety and social belonging. Improve public facilities, municipal facilities and educational facilities, and promote the clarity of property rights of "villages in the city", otherwise it will become an unstable factor in society. In terms of planning and design techniques, macroscopically, planning should adapt to the level of urbanization, improve municipal public facilities, improve environmental planning and spatial design, and form a reasonable traffic organization, moderate community size and dynamic organic balance structure. On the middle level, it is necessary to adjust the regional division and functional layout of new residential areas, emphasize community design, and create a beautiful and harmonious environment conducive to neighborhood harmony. At the micro level, it is necessary to create a cultural atmosphere to improve the environment and create a modern new home that new immigrants can afford on a pleasant spatial scale.

2. Highlight the orientation of innovation and inject impetus into urban upgrading and development.

Famous American economist Michael? Porter once divided economic development into four stages, namely, factors of production, investment, innovation and wealth. The United States, Germany and Sweden entered the innovation-driven stage in the early 20th century, Japan and Italy entered the innovation-driven stage in the middle and late 1970s, and South Korea entered the innovation-driven stage in the early 20th century. China's early economic development mainly benefited from production factors, such as cheap labor, cheap land resources and cheap environmental protection costs. In recent years, investment has obvious characteristics, such as relying on real estate investment and infrastructure investment for construction. In the past 10 years, the rapid economic growth in China was mainly driven by investment, and the contribution of investment to GDP growth was above 50% in most years. With the development of urbanization in China lagging behind, structural problems are prominent, and the industrialization model supported by cheap labor is changing. How to change economic growth from factor-driven and investment-driven to innovation-driven is a major issue in the transformation of new urbanization development model.

There are two ways of industrial upgrading: one is the added value of the same product, that is, the transformation from production to high-end industrial chains such as innovation, design and high-end services; The other is the appreciation between different products and industrial structures, that is, industries are from labor-intensive to capital-intensive, and knowledge-intensive to service-intensive. With the industrial upgrading, the transformation of urban development mode will be realized. For most cities in China, what should be pursued is not the expansion of the city scale, but the upgrading of the city. That is, the pursuit of added value of the city, including the promotion of urban attraction and competitiveness. In order to enhance the attractiveness of the city, we can guide and develop industries that complement the economic and social conditions of the city through industrial policies, and strengthen the incentive and driving mechanism of innovative enterprises. Looking at the statistics of listed companies in major cities in China, there are three cities with more than 100 listed companies: Beijing ranks first because of the large number of central enterprises, Shanghai attracts many listed companies with the headquarters economy as the cohesive force, and Shenzhen, as a pioneer of reform, incubates excellent local enterprises such as ZTE with the guidance of high-tech industries. On the other hand, in cities such as Wuhan and Changsha, the composition of listed companies is inextricably linked with local leading industries and economies of scale. Relying on university resources, Wu Hanyou Donghu High-tech, South China University of Technology and other listed companies. Changsha is closely related to the positioning of its key development equipment manufacturing industry, including Zoomlion and other enterprises. It has played a leading role in improving local traditional industrial chain, upgrading urban industry, innovation and enhancing competitiveness.

3. Pay attention to employment orientation and provide higher quality urbanization employment security.

Urbanization is the result of industrialization, and a vibrant urban society suitable for starting a business and increasing employment should fully absorb the agricultural overflow population. The new city is an organic combination of industrialization and urbanization. The construction of the new city means that a large number of people will enter the city to work and settle down as citizens. This requires enough jobs and housing to ensure that the new urban population can live and work in peace and contentment. Therefore, in view of the trend of new city construction, we should avoid the "urbanization trap" of over-urbanization in cities without industrial support, avoid making new cities "wanderers" and "empty cities", pay attention to the close connection between urbanization and regional economic development and industrial layout, make urbanization based on the solid foundation of the real economy and prevent "industrial hollowing out".

The new city is the result of scientific and technological progress and economies of scale promoting the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of industry and population. A successful new city should not only provide people with a place to live, but also provide employment opportunities. A new city is not just a "sleeping city". The more successful new town development in the world mainly includes pastoral new town, marginal new town, TOD new town, industrial new town, sub-center new town and administrative center new town. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, but without exception, they have implemented strict planning, promoted the balance between occupation and housing, and carried out the development and construction of new towns step by step. For example, one of the goals of establishing a new city in Britain is to make it a community with balanced employment and residence. London New Town places special emphasis on providing employment opportunities for local residents. In order to effectively increase employment opportunities in the new town, the government has taken a series of measures to provide preferential conditions for enterprises in the new town in terms of bank loans, land rent and taxes. In the new town of Harrow, more than 85% of the employed people work in the new town. In terms of spatial layout, pollution-free industries and tertiary industries are effectively and moderately mixed with residential functions to ensure employment nearby, and corresponding skills training institutions are set up to help residents find jobs.

4. Adhere to environmental orientation and build a healthy town with more ecological charm.

The rapid urbanization in China has also brought a series of environmental problems, such as the "multicolor effect" of urban ecology: red heat island effect, green bloom effect, gray smog effect, yellow congestion effect, white quarrying bald spot effect and variegated garbage effect. The development mode of urbanization "scale before benefit" makes the ecological service function and ecological civilization construction seriously neglected. The deep-seated cause of extreme pollution events is that the current production mode, lifestyle and transportation mode ignore the ecological capacity such as atmospheric environmental capacity, water environmental capacity and soil environmental capacity. It is not impossible to control PM2.5 in strict accordance with advanced national standards such as Britain and Japan. For example, during the Beijing Olympic Games and Shenzhen Universiade, air quality was greatly improved by closing all polluting factories and restricting motor vehicles on a large scale. However, the improvement of the ecological environment cannot be achieved overnight, and it needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with many factors such as industry and people's livelihood.