Public Health Practice Skills in 21: Control of Public Health Emergencies

1. Influencing factors of health emergency strategy

(1) National health safety

(2) National health safety

(3) Health resources

(4) Economic level

(5) Health culture awareness

(6) Actual situation and harm degree of major infectious diseases, poisoning and other events

. Training of epidemiological thought and methodology for clinical medical staff

2. Training of emergency handling ability

3. Training of epidemic situation of infectious diseases

4. Training of common poisoning knowledge

5. Training of psychological quality

(3) Public health monitoring

The basic contents include: ① establishing and perfecting institutions to collect data of various diseases and exposures; ② Analyze and evaluate the collected data, including determining the natural history, changing trend, influencing factors, weak links and control effect of a disease. (3) printing, distributing and feeding back data, reporting the collected data and analysis results in time and notifying relevant units and individuals, so as to take corresponding prevention measures in time. In particular, the information should be fed back to the reporter.

1. Infectious disease monitoring

Infectious disease monitoring should be carried out by various monitoring systems at all levels in China in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.

2. Discovery and monitoring of new infectious diseases

(1) The mechanism of new infectious diseases

The mechanism of new infectious diseases may have two aspects: First, new pathogens are introduced into the population. Second, new pathogens introduced into the population can be established and further spread in new population hosts, and spread from a local area and local population.

(2) Factors affecting the occurrence of new infectious diseases

1) Ecological and environmental changes: agricultural development, water ecosystem changes, deforestation/afforestation, floods, droughts and climate changes.

2) demographic characteristics and behaviors: social conditions, population growth and migration, war, poverty, urban decline, sexual behavior and intravenous drug use. Overhunting, feeding and eating wild animals.

3) International travel and business activities: worldwide exchange of people and goods, air travel.

4) technology and industry: globalization of food supply, changes in food packaging and processing, blood transfusion and tissue and organ transplantation, and widespread use of antibiotics.

5) microbial variation: microbial variation caused by environmental pressure.

6) Failure of public health measures: failure of media control, drinking water purification and disinfection measures.

(3) Determination of new infectious diseases

1) When the observed disease can be confirmed as a new disease entity and its transmission characteristics can be proved, it can be considered that a new infectious disease has been discovered.

2) known non-communicable diseases should also be considered as newly discovered infectious diseases when they are found to be caused by specific pathogens and proved to be infectious.

3) after a new microorganism is discovered and recognized, study its pathogenicity and its correlation with a certain disease, determine whether it is the pathogen of a certain disease, and prove whether it can spread.

After obtaining positive results, the diseases caused by it are also newly discovered infectious diseases.

(4) Ways and methods to find new infectious diseases

1) The most important way to find and confirm new infectious diseases is to rely on clinicians and disease surveillance systems.

2) the combination of field epidemiological research and laboratory research is indispensable to discover and determine the pathogens of new infectious diseases and clarify epidemiological laws.

3) Traditional microbiology techniques are combined with modern molecular biology methods to improve the efficiency of discovering new pathogens.

(4) Formulating prevention and control plans

1. Mobilization and treatment plans for major infectious diseases

(1) Prevention and control mobilization plans

1. Confirmation and classification of epidemic situation

2. Establishment of epidemic situation control command system and technical steering group

3. Determining responsibilities of various functional departments in advance

4. Emergency response to epidemic situation

5.

(2) Work plan for handling the epidemic situation of major infectious diseases

1) Preliminary investigation of the epidemic situation

Understand the symptoms and signs of patients, laboratory tests, and the relationship between cases, so as to confirm whether it is an epidemic situation of infectious diseases and its nature.

2) Isolate and treat patients and suspected patients

3) Report the epidemic situation to the superior health and epidemic prevention department, and report Class A infectious diseases or newly discovered severe infectious diseases within 2 hours.

4) Further investigation and verification, and detailed investigation on the exposure history of clinical manifestations of patients.

5) blockade and management of epidemic areas

after being reported to the higher authorities for approval, the epidemic areas with severe infectious diseases will be blocked, and the epidemic areas will be disinfected, rodents and insects will be killed, and contacts will be observed in isolation. Do a good job in life support and disease prevention for people in epidemic areas.

6) In-depth epidemiological investigation

Detailed investigation and analysis of the patient's onset process (case tracking), patient distribution characteristics, possible sources of infection, main transmission routes and epidemic factors.

7) Revise and supplement the prevention and control measures

8) Lift the blockade and isolation

2. Control plan for poisoning incidents

3. Control plan for natural disasters and major accidental injuries

3. Control measures China Examination Forum

1. Emergency report

2. Establishment of emergency headquarters

3. Incident scene. Pollution site control

(2) control of epidemic areas

4. Emergency reconstruction of hospitals

5. Emergency modification of vehicles

6. Isolated treatment of patients and suspected patients

7. Measures for close contacts and contacts

8. Timely release of correct information, publicity of preventive knowledge and stabilization of people's hearts.