What are the rhetorical devices in the article?

Metaphor, sketch, analogy, avoiding repetition, changing use, layering, filling, setting off, inverting, overlapping words, truth, contrast, duality, renovation, repetition, rhetorical question, irony, parody, imitation, flying white, sharing; Complex overlap, compound deviation, * * * use, combination, call, intertextuality, intertextuality, conversion, palindrome, demotion, metonymy, rhetorical question, ambiguity, parallelism, couplet, description, arrangement, connection, exaggeration, warning, presentation, pun, repetition, overlap. * * * 63 species.

Detailed introduction

metaphor

1, definition [1]?

Metaphor means that two things with different degrees are similar to each other, and one thing is used to compare another thing.

2. Structure

Metaphor generally consists of three parts, namely, ontology (things or scenes to be compared), vehicle and figurative words (symbolic words of figurative relations).

Step 3 classify

According to the similarities and differences and looming characteristics of the three parts of metaphor structure, it can be divided into four types.

1 simile. Ontology and vehicle have appeared, using metaphor "like, like, if, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like. ...

Like, like "and so on. The common form is "A is like B". The leaves stick out of the water high, like elegant dancers' skirts.

(2) metaphor. Ontological carriers have all appeared, which are connected by metaphors such as "yes, change and composition". The typical form is: "A becomes B."

For example, the square is a sea of snow-white garlands, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills.

In addition, there are some variants of metaphor that deserve attention:

① Modifying metaphor: the metaphorical relationship between ontology and vehicle is realized in the form of modifying and being modified, limiting and being restricted. For example:

This is an ocean of flowers.

(2) apposition metaphor: the metaphorical relationship between ontology and vehicle is expressed in the form of apposition compound reference. Stop pouring soup, Lao Wang.

③ Annotation metaphor: Ontology and vehicle express metaphorical relations in the form of annotations, usually connected by dashes, such as five points.

The whistle for work rang. The lid of the red brick "can"-when the iron gate is pushed open ...

(3) Metonymy. There are no ontological and figurative words, which directly describe the vehicle. The typical form of metonymy is "A generation B". For example, the most annoying ones

The poisonous snakes and beasts ate our flesh and blood.

(4) metaphor. Use several vehicles to describe an ontology. For example, a huge white lilac blooms on a gray roof.

Ripples are like snow, and jade is like spray.

[2]? (5) Metonymy: also known as metonymy, is a form of metaphor that takes the vehicle as the ontology first, then the ontology as the vehicle, and metaphors are mutually used. There are twists and turns that can enhance artistic appeal.

Exodus 1: The street lamps are bright in the distance,/as if there are countless stars flashing. /Stars appear in the sky,/as if countless street lamps were lit. (Market in the sky)

Exodus 2: At that time, there was a terrible noise in the mine, like thunder, no, it was more terrible than thunder. This is a tortuous metaphor. Deny the vehicle after proposing the vehicle "thunder", and finally propose the vehicle. After affirming, denying and denying again, the uniqueness of metaphor has been strengthened. )

Example 3: The teacher held my little hand with a gentle big hand for a long time. I know the teacher is expecting my answer, my oath and my progress. This is a warm current injected into my heart! No, it was a spring rain that made me hold my head high. (In this way, it must be equal, suddenly suppressed and denied, and then affirmed, cyclical ups and downs, giving full play to lyricism. )

4. Function

(1) Metaphorical reasoning is easy to understand and accept.

(2) Metaphor can tell some unimaginable things in detail and explain them with other similar things, which makes people more clear.

(3) Metaphor can be visualized and leave a deep impression on people.

(4) Play the role of decorating articles.

(5) Make things vivid and vivid, highlight features, render the atmosphere and set off the side.

5. Constitutive conditions

Ontology and carrier must be essentially different things, otherwise it is not a metaphor. Is a sentence a metaphor? You can't just look at the metaphorical words.

The following example is not a metaphor:

(1) His personality is like his mother-make a comparison with something similar.

It's dark, and it looks like rain-guess.

(3) Don't go to work with ideological baggage-the metaphorical meaning of this word.

6. Common figurative words

Like, like, if, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, become, become.

For example, 7

As heavy as a mountain, as cold as ice, as confident as a chicken, as cold as a candle, as sweaty as a candle. If the city is empty-minded, it is as light as a feather and deafening. It's a piece of cake, the heart of a beast is as strong as a tiger, and a lost dog is as hard as paint.

A. simile

If your mind is empty, if the market is in full swing, and if you are hungry, you will live longer than Nanshan anxious to return.

Like a duck to water, like a tiger as ice.

B. metaphor

Traffic is well known, and the war of words is raging.

The dog's teeth are staggered and the blood is fierce.

C. metonymy

Looking through the autumn water, the second round is calm, teaching the axe and the iron wall, and the wolf is the eye of the sky.

Make the finishing point.

Rhetorical exaggeration

1. Definition

In order to achieve a certain expression effect, the method of deliberately expanding or narrowing the image, characteristics, function and degree of things is called exaggeration.

2. Type

(1) exaggerate. Deliberately describe things as "big, many, high, deep and strong" and other exaggerated forms. For example, it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and get into the sky.

(2) narrowing and exaggerating. Deliberately exaggerating objective facts, such as "small, little, low, shallow and weak". For example, Wumeng takes mud pills.

(3) Exaggeration in advance. Describe the present state of things with their possible future results, or exaggerate their future state before they are mentioned. For example, farmers say, "When you see such a green wheat field, you can smell the smell of white bread." "The pink face contains the power of spring, and the red lips begin to laugh when they smell it." (Cao Qingxue Qin's Dream of Red Mansions)

Step 3: Function

Clearly express the author's feelings and attitudes towards things, highlight the essential characteristics of things, set off the atmosphere, enhance the appeal and enhance the vividness of language.

4. Problems to be paid attention to when using

(1) exaggeration is not grandiose, it must be reasonable and cannot be divorced from the foundation and basis of life.

There must be a certain distance between exaggeration and truth. Otherwise, you can't tell whether you are telling the truth or exaggerating.

(3) Exaggeration should pay attention to the application occasions. Serious reports, reports, scientific and technological expositions, reasoning articles and other styles should not be exaggerated.

Rhetoric of.

For example, 5

The sun and the moon fly like a shuttle, and the three heads and six arms are angry. A thousand miles a day, in a word, a thousand dollars, a hundred shots, a bold day, a difficult step.

Rhetorical parallelism

Arrange three or more sentences with similar structure and length, consistent tone, related meaning or the same.

Function: strengthen the language situation and atmosphere, make the article more rhythmic, more organized and more conducive to expressing strong feelings (expression effect).

Enhance the language situation, highlight some characteristics of something, and express some feelings of the author.

Example: Their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.

Rhetoric repetition

To emphasize a meaning and a feeling, repeat a word or sentence intentionally. Repetition refers to the repeated use of certain words or sentences in order to emphasize a certain meaning or highlight a certain emotion, and the focus to be expressed is on the repeated words or sentences.

Function: Mainly used in poetry, it plays the role of reciting repeatedly and expressing strong feelings. At the same time, repeated rhetorical devices can also make the format of poetry orderly, ups and downs, and beautiful language.

1. keeps repeating (there are no other words in the middle).

Example: The valley echoed, he just left, he just left.

Repeated intervals (there are other words in the middle).

For example, it seems that there are no three provinces, and the party and the country are more and more like one country. Without the three northeastern provinces, no one would make a sound, but the party and the country are more and more like a country.

for instance

Climb high and look far, grasp the situation, sincerely, cut the culprit's great achievements, disheartened, practical and single-minded

Rhetoric duality

A pair of phrases or sentences with equal words, the same or basically the same structural form and symmetrical meaning, expressing two opposite or similar meanings.

Function: neat and symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, high generality, easy to remember and beautiful in music.

Main methods:

1, exactly. The dual forms of the upper and lower sentences are similar, similar, complementary and contrasting in meaning.

For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach.

2. Objection. The dual form of the opposite or relative meaning of the upper and lower sentences.

For example, look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow your head as a willing ox.

3. Series pair (running pair). The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality.

For example: only drink Changsha water and eat Wuchang fish. [3]?

for instance

Vast territory and abundant resources, grateful for great virtue, poor mountains, poor water and cheap profits, full of losses, well-known people can get more help, and the poor can help benevolent people. A wise man sees wisdom, and the stars arch the moon, and Dai Yue swears.

a rhetorical question

In order to attract others' attention, ask questions first and then answer them yourself. Strong feelings.

Function: attract attention and inspire readers to think; Clear hierarchy and compact structure; It can better describe the ideological activities of the characters.

Strengthen the tone, highlight what and express the author's feelings.

Example: Why are flowers so red? First of all, it has its material basis.

a rhetorical question

Also known as provocation, cross-examination and cross-examination. Express clear meaning in the form of questions, ask questions in a positive form, ask questions in a negative form, ask questions in a negative form, and don't answer. The answer is implicit in the rhetorical question.

Function: strengthen tone, make people think, stimulate readers' feelings, deepen readers' impression, and enhance the momentum and persuasiveness of words.

Strengthen the tone, highlight what and express the author's feelings.

As for me, is there anything to blame?

for instance

Nothing ventured, nothing gained-nothing ventured, nothing gained; If you want to find pearls, you must dive underwater.

Without skin, what can hair be attached to-nothing can exist without foundation.

An old pioneer lost his horse-a blessing in disguise.

It is human nature to make mistakes.

Rhetorical metonymy

Don't directly say what you want to express, but borrow someone or something closely related to it instead.

Types of metonymy: features replace things, concreteness replaces abstractness, parts replace whole, and whole replaces parts.

Function: highlight the essential characteristics of things, enhance the image of the language, make the writing concise and concise, and make the language rich in change and sense of humor; Attract people's association, so that the expression receives outstanding images, distinctive features, concrete and vivid effects.

Method:

(1) part of the whole generation. That is to say, replace the noumenon with the representative part of things.

If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. -"Looking at Tianmen Mountain"

② Feature-generated ontology. In other words, the name of the ontological thing is replaced by the characteristics and signs of the borrowing body (person or thing).

For example, you like thin waist and pink legs and a dance floor. (Mao Dun's Words of Modernization)

③ Concrete generative abstraction

For example, the South China Morning Post has a history of ten years. -"meiling three chapters"

(4) Tool replaces ontology.

For example, by the time the soil is turned over, eight out of ten households have already set fire to the hoard and can't open the pot. -"Yu Qian Fan"

(5) proper name generalization. Replace the name of ontology with a special name of a typical person or thing.

For example, if you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up! -Analysis of Metonymy and Metonymy in The Last Speech

first

See if there is similarity between ontology and object. If there is no similarity, it is definitely not a metaphor.

For example, are the "standard" and "beacon smoke" used metaphorically or metonymically in "Yamaraja Chops 100,000 Flags" and "Ten Years Old in the South"? Understand the meaning of these two words first. Standard: The general name of the flag refers to the troops here. Beacon: When the enemy invaded the ancient border, it was lit on the high platform for warning, and later it referred to war or war. As long as you think about it, you can know that there is no similarity between "standard" and "army", "beacon smoke" and "war", and you can judge that the usage of these two words is not metonymy.

There is a relationship between ontology and metonymy objects, and metonymy refers to ontology by borrowing things related to ontology. Ancient armies marched and fought with their own unique flags. Flags are used to distinguish between the enemy and ourselves and indicate the direction of the army. So standards can be used to refer to the army. "100,000 flags" means "100,000 flags". The "flag bearer" can't make a "chop" action, but it must be a person who can make a "chop" action, so "100,000 flag bearers" is "100,000 troops". Similarly, in ancient times, when the enemy invaded, the border burned wolf smoke and called the police, so "beacon smoke" and "wolf smoke" became synonymous with war. "Ten Years of Fog in the South" is "Ten Years of War in the South".

second

See if it can be converted into a simile. What can be transformed into simile is metonymy, and what cannot be transformed into simile is definitely not metonymy.

If "Yamaraja beheaded a hundred thousand flags" is a metaphor, then "flag" is a metaphor and "army" is an ontology. When it is converted into a simile, it becomes "the army beheaded Yamaraja like a hundred thousand flags", which is obviously not a sentence. In the same way, assuming that the book "Ten Years Old in the South China" uses metonymy, then "bonfire" is a metaphor and "war" is the noumenon. Converted into a simile, it becomes "ten years of war in South China is like a bonfire", which is obviously not a word. Therefore, it can be concluded that the above two sentences are not metonymy.

third

The same word can be used metonymically or metonymically in different language environments. So how to tell? At this time, it depends on whether the words corresponding to the object adopt corresponding metaphors. Metonymy is a metaphor for one thing and another, so the words related to the object (vehicle) must adopt corresponding metaphors; Metonymy is based on generation after generation, so there is no need to change the words corresponding to the object (borrowing body) into corresponding sentences. Please look at the following two examples.

[A 1] I hate those poisonous snakes and beasts. They ate up our flesh and blood. (figuratively)

[[〔A2〕] I hate those poisonous snakes and beasts, they suck up our blood and sweat. (metonymy)

The big white bear grinned at me. (figuratively)

[[〔B2〕] The Great White Bear agreed to my price. (metonymy)

In the above two groups, A 1 and B 1 are metaphors. The object in A 1 is "poisonous snake and beast", and the corresponding verb-object words are "eat up" and "flesh and blood". Obviously, "poisonous snakes and beasts have eaten up our flesh and blood" is natural, and "poisonous snakes and beasts" and "eaten up our flesh and blood" are a harmonious subject-predicate object relationship. The object in A2 is also "poisonous snake and beast", and the corresponding verb-object words are "squeeze out" and "sweat". From the inconsistency of "poisonous snakes and beasts have squeezed our blood and sweat", we can know that their "poisonous snakes and beasts" and "squeezing" and "blood and sweat" are not a harmonious subject-predicate object relationship. The harmony of subject, predicate and object in the context of the object shows that it has nothing to do with ontology and is a metaphor; The disharmony of subject, predicate and object in the context where the object is located shows that it is related to ontological ability and is metonymy.

The second group is clearer. The object "big white bear" is in harmony with the following words, which means that it is a whole in the sentence with the object as the subject, but not necessarily a whole in the sentence with the subject as the subject. "Great White Bear agrees with my price", in which the object "Great White Bear" is not in harmony with the following words, indicating that it is not a whole in the sentence with the object as the subject; Only by changing the ontology-the man named "Great White Bear"-can we be in harmony with the following words and become a whole. Therefore, the former is metaphor and the latter is metonymy.

"Women don't let their eyebrows grow", and simply using the objects of "women" and "eyebrows grow" to express it as "headscarves and hair accessories don't let their eyebrows and beards grow" is definitely not feasible. "She wants to be angels in white when she grows up" and "angels in white" simply means "She wants to be the God of angels in white when she grows up". The same is true of "buy a bottle of Yanghe", "Dajinya is also reading historical records" and "the more dry the red scarf, the happier it is".

It is also clear that this method is used to explain the controversial issues of "Sister Yang Er" and "Compass". "The compass is talking again." "A 50-year-old woman stood in front of me with prominent cheekbones, thin lips, her hands sandwiched between moustaches and no skirt, just like a thin-footed compass in a drawing instrument ... The compass turned angrily and said slowly." The following "compass" and "turn around angrily and speak out slowly" are extremely disharmonious and obvious metonymies.

for instance

Illiteracy, perseverance, perseverance, reverse the imminent promiscuity of Gankun, the bohemian river that is gone forever, talk about everything, yellow race, unarmed.

Rhetorical irony

Use words or sentences that are opposite to the original meaning to express the original meaning, and use irony to strengthen the expression effect. Some satirize and expose, while others express intimate and friendly feelings.

For example, (students studying in the Qing Dynasty) also have broken braids, which are flat. Except for the hat, they are all shiny and visible, just like a little girl's bun, and you have to twist your neck a few times. It's really beautiful. (Mr. Fujino)

Rhetorical association

With imagination. Function: Make things lively, for example, the sun comes out and the ground seems to be on fire.

Sublimate the theme, point out the center, for example, the water in the river is flowing, so is the love in the city.

Rhetorical synaesthesia

The so-called synaesthesia is a rhetorical way to describe one feeling and express another by using the psychological phenomenon that various feelings communicate with each other.

Function: The application of synaesthesia can achieve unforgettable results, and its expressive function is irreplaceable. It can turn abstraction into image and make readers understand it better. It can arouse people's rich associations; Can be eclectic and lively; It can be accurately expressed and has far-reaching influence; It can enrich the artistic conception of poetry and form a special artistic beauty.

For example, "the morning bell is wet outside the clouds" (Du Fu's Kuizhou is too wet to go ashore) uses the word "wet" to describe the clock. The bell you smell passes through the rain curtain and clouds, so it is "wet", and the touch and hearing are interlinked. "Good as a guqin, lofty as a mountain, and soup like running water" (Lv Chunqiu Ben Wei). Listening to the piano, you know that you are aiming at mountains and flowing water, and your hearing and vision are interlinked.

Rhetoric pun

Using the polysemy of words and homophonic (or homophonic) conditions, it is intended to make a sentence have double meanings, that is, puns.

Puns can make language express implicit humor, deepen meaning and impress people.

for instance

It is very interesting to be a Buddha through thick and thin.

1, meaning pun uses synonyms of words to intentionally make sentences have double meanings, which is called meaning pun. For example, in A Dream of Red Mansions, "He who sees through the three spring seasons, how about peach blossoms and willow greens?" ? Beat this youth out and find that bright sky. On the surface, "three spring" refers to late spring, including Yuan Chun, Yingchun and Tan Chun. 2. Homophonic pun uses homophonic words to intentionally make sentences have double meanings, which is called homophonic pun. For example, the word "sunny" in "Tao is sunny and sunny" is sunny on the surface and contains emotional "feelings".

Rhetoric is true.

Use the end of the previous article as the beginning of the next article, and connect it end to end for more than two times, so that adjacent sentences or fragments or chapters can be handed down, end to end, and symbolized as "ABC, CDE". This figure of speech is called top truth, also called thimble or couplet bead.

The use of real rhetoric can not only make the sentence structure neat and the tone coherent, but also highlight the interlocking organic connection between things.

Example: Friendship is a flower that attracts swarms of butterflies.

Friendship is a butterfly, two people dance together.

Friendship is a dance, and dance produces the fire of passion.

Friendship is a fire that burns forever.

Dreams are wings that fly in the eternal blue sky.

Dream is the sky, covering the vast sea.

Dream is the sea, or the boat is leisurely.

Dream is a small boat, braving the wind and waves at sea.

Love is the wind, rolling with thick clouds;

Love is a cloud that turns into timely rain;

Love is rain, which moistens the trees after a long drought;

Love is a tree that supports the shade for you.

Chushan and Qinshan are both white clouds,

The director of Baiyun is with you.

The dragon took the king of Qi into the mountains of Chu.

The clouds also followed you across the Xiangjiang River.

Xiang Shuishang, female Luo Yi,

Baiyun can lie down, you can go home early.

-Li Bai's "Baiyun Song"

for instance

If you know everything, you can say anything. Everyone is of one heart and one mind.

Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son and a son has a grandson; Children and grandchildren are infinite. ("Yu Gong Yi Shan")

See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. ("Mulan Poetry")

Rhetoric intertextuality

Equivalence, also known as equivalence, is a rhetoric method commonly used in ancient poetry.

In ancient Chinese, the meaning of a sentence (or phrase) was divided into two sentences (or phrases), and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be complementary in interpretation, which is intertextuality.

The old saying goes like this: "It refers to writing in the other party, but it refers to writing in the text." Specifically, it is a form: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say the same thing, but in fact they echo, explain and complement each other and say the same thing. For example:

The Moon of Qin Dynasty shines on the Han Pass.

Mist enveloped the cold sea water, and moonlight sprinkled on the beach.

The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.

Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north.

I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.

When reading ancient Chinese works, it is easy to ignore the past if you don't think carefully and appreciate some sentences that use intertextuality.

For example:

(1) A captivating smile fascinated Yangcheng and Cai. (Song Yu's "The Loser") means: "She fooled all the dudes in Yangcheng and Cai Xia with a smile."

(2) Zi Kennosuke is like reciting, and Zhong Xuanju's pen is like a night. "Wen Xin Diao Si" means: "Cao Zhi and Wang Neng spread out the paper and picked up the pen to write, as if they had memorized it in advance."

(3) Qi Weishou and Han Jingzhao. (Li Hua's "Hanging the Ancient Battlefield") Qi Weijing (Chu) Han and other kings of the Warring States recruited soldiers to guard the border. "

(4) Fierce officials came to my hometown, clamoring for things, and they ran from north to south. Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher" means: "Violent police came to our village, making noise everywhere and harassing people everywhere." "East, west, north and south" here means "everywhere".

5] don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower") means: "I am not sad or happy because of the influence of external things, nor am I happy or sad because of my personal situation."

Rhetoric cycle

Simply put, loop is the same as reading forward and backward.

Cycle is to organize the front and back sentences into a reciprocating form to express the connection between different things. Cycle can make sentences neat and symmetrical, reveal the dialectical relationship of things and make the meaning incisive.

For example:

The water in the pool is ringing; The Valley of Gold is golden.

Xiangshan Buddha in Xiang Jing, Foshan; Wengyuan milk raises milk source Weng.

Sing Tao Port welcomes Hong Kong Island stars.

The guest lives in nature, but he is a guest in the sky; People have been to the Big Buddha Temple, which is bigger than others.

for instance

People circle in the pool; The Valley of Gold is golden. Xiangshan Buddha in Xiang Jing, Foshan; Wengyuan milk raises milk source Weng. Sing Tao Port welcomes Hong Kong Island stars. The guest lives in nature, but he is a guest in the sky; People have been to the Big Buddha Temple, which is bigger than others. People don't attack me, I don't attack. No doubt about employing people, no doubt about people.

Empathy in rhetorical devices

In order to highlight some strong feelings, writers consciously give objective things some characteristics that are consistent with their own feelings but do not actually exist. This rhetorical device is called empathy.

Using empathy rhetoric, the subjective feelings are first moved to things, and in turn, the infected things are used to set off subjective emotions, so that things can be combined into one.

Style can better express people's strong feelings and exert rhetorical effects.

For example:

1) He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! .

(Du Fu's Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night)

Petals fell like tears, and lonely birds sang their sadness.

(Du Fu's "Spring Hope")

(3) Wei Qing terminating, sad when a person to the east.

(Du Fu's Twenty Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems)

He gazed at the desolate moon from his temporary palace,

The night rain smells the bell and heartbroken.

(Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow)

(5) turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, take no sleep, there should be no hate, why want to leave? (Su Shi's Water Tune)

6 red beans are ugly and full of acacia tears.

(Niu Xiji's "Raw Tea")

The meaning of the above two poems is: the dew is particularly light tonight, and the hometown month is particularly bright. Why is this happening? Because the poet Du Fu experienced the great turmoil of An Shi Rebellion, he had to give up his official position in the autumn of 759 BC and live in Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu) under the condition that his country's future and personal destiny were constantly hit. In this desolate and desert border town, the poet moved his homesickness to the dew and moonlight, which set off his homesickness with the infected dew and moonlight, blending things with people, thus better expressing his strong homesickness. The meaning of the two poems in Example 2 is: lamenting the national turmoil, splashing flowers hurts the heart and tears; Hate a family apart, and birds will disturb your heart. It is a natural phenomenon that flowers bloom and birds sing, without human emotions. Only by using empathy rhetoric can poets write such touching poems. Example (3) says that the Weihe River water only "flows eastward alone" when people are worried; Example 4 says that the moon shines "sadly" and the bell rings "heartbreaking"; Example 5 says that the moon tends to become round when people leave; Example 6 says that red beans are not red beans, but "acacia tears". The above examples all use empathy rhetoric to move people's feelings to things. In this way, human feelings and things will be integrated into one, which can better express people's strong feelings.

The difference between empathy and empathy is that empathy is to move people's subjective feelings to objective things, and then set off subjective feelings with infected objective things, so that things and people can be integrated and express strong feelings more strongly; Transfer means that the two things A and B are related, so it is a rhetorical device to transfer the rhetoric originally describing A to B. In short, the former is "touching people and things"; The latter is "moving words, describing things (or people), describing things (or people)."

The difference between empathy and personification is that the former is "touching people and things"; The latter is "writing things into adults."

Rhetoric means are connected.

Niān lián refers to the use of words originally only applicable to thing A on thing B, when two things A and B are described together. This figure of speech is called Nianlian, also called "Shunnian". The use of conjunctions can make the context close and natural, and the expression vivid and profound.

example sentence

Example (1): Bees are brewing honey and life.

Example (2): Going to the West Building alone is nothing, and the moon is like a hook. Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn. Meet in

Example (3): Although I am deaf, my heart is not deaf! ......

Rhetoric analogy

1. concept

Analogy is a rhetorical way to write things A as things B, including writing things as people (personification), writing people as crops (imitation) and writing things as other things (imitation). In fact, the former form is to humanize things, while the latter two forms are to materialize people or things.

2. Type:

Determine the types of the following comparative sentences:

A. he is conceited. If he succeeds a little, his tail will fly to the sky.

B. Wind and rain can destroy cherry blossoms, but can't cherry blossoms stretch their smiles against the snow? (personification)

C. Du Fuchuan is singing and laughing in the willows, and the red flag is flying. (personification)

D. The instructor speaks really hard, and Gazi pricks up his ears. (imitation)

E, the old branch secretary directly assigned the task: "Let you lead a team of people to lead the water from Heilongtan to the dam at the foot of the mountain." (imitation)

3. The main differences between analogy and metaphor are:

Analogy means "imitating this and that", which blends with each other and is often embodied in verbs, but the quasi-body never appears; Metaphor means "one metaphor for the other". They are two different things, often embodied in nouns and noun phrases, and vehicles are indispensable.

Analogy is to imitate the characteristics of "simulacra" (the simulated thing) to write ontology, with the emphasis on "simulacra"; Metaphor refers to the metaphor of ontology, with emphasis on metaphor.

4, the role of analogy

(1) The emotional color is bright; (2) vivid description; (3) ideographic characters are more abundant. [3]?

Rhetoric juxtaposition

In order to make sentences compact and words concise, the ancients often used juxtaposition writing. The so-called "juxtaposition" is generally expressed by juxtaposing two related things in one sentence.

For example, "Fu Zhong and Li died without guilt". (Historical Records. "Han Xinlu" means: "Fu Zhong died without guilt; The husband is innocent and dead. (escape, escape) ".

If we take the word "death" here as a word, it is wrong. Because according to historical facts, Dr. Zhong committed suicide and the one who escaped.

Generally speaking, when we understand compound sentence, we should focus on analyzing the collocation relationship of sentences from the aspects of text and meaning.

For example, since the pavilion night, the bright moon disappears at sunrise, the green pond surges and the reflection is clear (Three Gorges), the pavilion noon and the midnight equinox are two different natural phenomena, and the sunrise and the moon are two different natural phenomena, which make no sense together. The rhetoric used here should be understood as: "Since noon, there is no sunrise." "I can't see the moon at night." "Su Turbulent Flow" and "Qing Chi" are also two different places. The rhetorical method of juxtaposition is used here, which should be understood as: "the Soviet Union is turbulent and the Qing Dynasty is reflected."

Book of later Han dynasty Hua Tuo's biography "Eyes and ears are smart" consists of two subject-predicate structures: "listening" and "seeing".

"Huangfa instead" is a sentence composed of two causative structures: "Faer" and "Huang Mu". If Famu is meaningful, Huang Er is meaningless anyway, so it must be regarded as a compound sentence.

"Fei Sheng Fei" (Mei Cheng Qi Mao), "Fei Sheng" refers to fat meat, and "Fei Sheng" refers to wine. Meat can be said to be "fat" rather than "thick" (modern Chinese can say so); Wine can be said to be "strong" rather than "fat". This sentence is juxtaposed and should be understood as "extremely rich"