Bachelor crisis immigration

It is really difficult for a man to find a wife, especially after the age of 30.

The gender ratio is seriously unbalanced.

According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, at the end of 20 14, the male population in Chinese mainland was 700.79 million, 33.76 million more than the female population. After 80s, the male-female ratio of unmarried population is 136: 100, while after 70s, the male-female ratio is as high as 206: 100, which is seriously unbalanced.

Why is there such a deformed sex ratio imbalance? Generally speaking, there are two main reasons for the imbalance of sex ratio in a country and region: immigration and birth sex ratio imbalance. Because the proportion of migrants is very small, the fundamental reason for the imbalance of population sex ratio in China is the imbalance of birth sex ratio.

Under normal natural conditions, the sex ratio at birth is generally between103 and107. That is to say, for every 100 girls born, there are103 to107 boys. The sex ratio at birth in China was basically normal before1980s, and it was 107 in 1982, then it rose rapidly and reached11.3 in 2000. Although the sex ratio at birth has declined since 2008, it still hovers at a high level of around 1 17.

The National Health and Family Planning Commission said at the innovation seminar of the sex ratio of the birth population at the beginning of this year that the overall level of the sex ratio of the birth population in China is still high, and the consequences have already appeared, and the risks have further gathered and expanded.

In recent 20 years, the sex ratio at birth in China has been higher than 1 15, which is the most unbalanced country in the world.

Bachelor crisis

The direct consequence of the unbalanced sex ratio at birth is the bachelor crisis. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from 1980 to 20 14, 675 million people were born in China, and the average sex ratio in these 34 years was 1 14.7. According to the normal sex ratio, there are more than 30 million men.

Marriage Extrusion vividly shows the influence of the imbalance of sex ratio on marriage-the relatively stable and balanced marriage market becomes crowded because of tens of millions of redundant men, which makes redundant men squeezed out and forced to become bachelors.

Liu, a researcher at China Rural Governance Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, found in Henan, Hubei, Guizhou and other places that the bachelor's degree rate has gradually increased since the middle and late 1980s. In addition, bachelors are mostly concentrated in rural areas, and some poor mountainous areas even have bachelor villages.

Yao told the reporter of the First Financial Client that the imbalance of the sex ratio between men and women will lead to the increase of early marriage, engagement and marriage for sale, which will lead to the increase of social phenomena such as marriage dislocation, intergenerational competition and extramarital affairs, third-party interference, illegitimate birth, homosexuality, sexually transmitted diseases and sexual crimes, which will endanger social security.

Li Shuzhuo, director of the Institute of Population and Development of Xi Jiao Tong University, published a book entitled "The imbalance of sex ratio and social order in China: a survey of 100 villages and its main findings" on 20 10, which confirmed that the existence of a large number of divorced young people objectively stimulated criminal acts such as buying marriage, cheating marriage and buying and selling women. Among the 364 villages surveyed, about 30% have cheated marriage.

20 1 14 One day in June, dozens of vietnamese brides fled in Handan, Hebei. After investigation, the police confirmed that this was a well-planned transnational marriage fraud case. Behind every bride who runs away from home is a family that is heartbroken by her son's marriage. This is just one of more and more cases of cheating marriage in recent years.

The risks are far more than that. Li Shuzhuo, who has long studied the problem of sex ratio imbalance, warned that the risk of sex ratio imbalance will be aggregated, amplified and spread through some programs, which may make the existing social risks more complicated and diversified. At present, our understanding of this point is not in place.

Why does the balance tilt?

The risk brought by the imbalance of sex ratio is enormous. How should China respond? To find a solution, we must first go back to the original point and see what causes the gender balance of the population, which was relatively balanced and stable, to be seriously tilted.

At the seminar on the innovation of the governance system of the sex ratio at birth held at the beginning of this year, many experts pointed out that the main culprit of the high sex ratio at birth is gender inequality, the backward concept of fertility among the masses, and the serious preference for sons over daughters.

Demographer Huang Hehe disagrees with this view. They believe that the imbalance of sex ratio at birth is the result of three factors: sex preference, birth restriction and fetal sex identification. These three factors are indispensable; If any of these factors are removed, there will be no imbalance between men and women.