Classical Chinese on the way to doing business

1. How to express the way of doing business in ancient Chinese? Fu Jia Tao Zhugong Fan Li, the originator of Confucian merchants and the founder of wise merchants, Bai Gui, is a giant in governing the country. Lv Buwei, an agricultural and commercial genius, sang Hongyang, is as rich as an enemy. Shen Wansan's richest man, Wu Bingjian's business tycoon, Qiao Zhiyong Hongding businessman Hu Xueyan, a money king, a hardware king, businessman Ye Chengzhong, three brothers, an enlightened businessman, Qu, an official exhibition, Yuquan, following the United States, advocating benevolence, Mingxing Li's foresight, Li Hongling's granddaddy Lei Lvtai, brilliant, Wang Haifeng Huizhou merchants Zhang Xiaoquan, Baidu searched their names and got their stories. Books that record businessmen's business include Historical Records.

Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen. Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business: knowing the place to win and choosing the place to make money. Sun Tzu's art of war said: those who have the terrain help the soldiers.

Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses.

It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war.

As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade.

So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. At that time, businessmen from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province settled here.

The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes. Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that it is cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive.

It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling.

Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times.

When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles.

Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Thirdly, from the end, it is known that Gou Jian, the King of Yue who predicted to make money in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of the death of his country by snow and worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of grain from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu.

Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people.

Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to stay expensive. Ji Ran, a pre-Qin business theorist, believed that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive" and advocated that "expensive is as cheap as jade"

Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

5. Carve red and green, and stay in Yanjing Miscellanies: Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and green, and embroidering golden windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime.

Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate.

There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over and asked the customer what he needed. He tried his best to avoid making mistakes.

Operator.

2. What are the outstanding politicians and big businessmen in "Doing Business"? He also has some noteworthy economic management ideas, such as benefiting farmers and benefiting both agriculture.

According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, Fan Li believed that the husband was ill, and the farmer was ill for 20 years and was terminally ill for 90 years. If the disease reaches the late stage, the money will not be earned, and agricultural diseases will not be planted. If you don't go up to 80 or subtract 30, you will benefit from the end of the farm. There is no shortage of peace and harmony, and there is no shortage of ways to govern the country. "The main point above is that the price of food crops is too low, which will harm the interests of farmers. If farmers are damaged and don't work hard, farmland will be abandoned. If the food price is too high, it will harm the interests of industrialists and businessmen. If no one is engaged in business, it will make the economy difficult. If the food price is as low as 20, it will harm farmers, and if the food price is as high as 90, it will harm industry and commerce. If the price of grain is not lower than 30 and not higher than 80, it will be beneficial to agriculture and industry and commerce. If we can "even things out" like this, there will be no shortage of checkpoints and markets. Isn't this the way to govern the country?

As for his use of "late" instead of "industry and commerce" according to the custom since the end of the Warring States period, it was his own change. This point has been pointed out by predecessors. It should also be noted that if the price of grain is limited to not less than 30 and not more than 80, it is said in Yue Jue Ji Shu Ni Neijing that "twenty stones hurt farmers and ninety stones die". The price of this grain per stone is roughly equivalent to the millet price mentioned by Li Kui in the Warring States Period and the valley price in the Han Dynasty. This may also be an example of Han people expressing Fan Li's thoughts with their habits at that time. Nevertheless, these minor changes have not diminished the brilliance of Fan Li's thought that "all benefits will come from the end of agriculture".

3. Seek the source of "The Way of Business and the Way of Business in Vernacular Chinese" (translation): Everything in the world has its own way, so does business, and everything in the world has its own way, and business also has its own way. The way of doing business lies in keeping one.

What is business? Quotient means that individuals participate in the production, circulation, distribution and redistribution of social wealth in a mutually beneficial and equal exchange way. What is Tao? Tao is the common sense of everything in heaven and earth, that is, what is heaven, why is earth, and why is man a man? In other words, why is business business? In a word, the way of business is the unity of heaven, tunnel and humanity, and the essence of the way of business lies in: 1? Every enterprise in the world has its own defense, whether in things, wealth, technology, taking, giving, goods or beliefs.

However, in the end, there are only a handful of people in good circumstances, all because there is no trust to do and no trust to keep. At the beginning of starting a business, all the gains coming and going were lost in the choice of property, or things, or money, or technology. Over time, it will be absurd to be material-oriented, money-oriented or technology-oriented.

Wealth, materials and technology in the world can all benefit from coming and going, but coming and going is based, but there is always uncertainty. The profit and loss between coming and going is always gone, so those who depend on things, money and technology will be zero after a long time. This is the way that heaven and tunnel treat people and things, and no one can resist it. Therefore, the world's commercial enterprises, like a sea of smoke crossing the river, can never be as good as phoenix feathers.

What is this? Concealing, not keeping money, keeping promises. The world is as rich as water, and only the avenue can belong to the sea.

The greatness of business is nothing more than quality and trust, which are to heaven and earth, just like the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Accumulate three, that is, the mouth of the world; Faith is said by people, which is also said by people in the world.

Therefore, both quality and trust come from the mouth of the world, and the mouth of the world is the demand of the world. The desire of the world and the evaluation of the world are all attributed to the heart. There is a saying that those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and the way to do business is to build.

Where does the product come from? Products come from the mouth; Where did this letter come from? Faith comes from words, from mouth to words. How can I complete my faith? "The way of university is in Mingde, among the people, and in perfection. Zhi Zhi then decided: calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; Think about it before you take it.

Things start and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.

If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; Be sincere, let him know first; Knowledge exists in things. Things are known; Knowing it is sincere; Sincerity before righteousness; Put your mind right and practice again; After the body is repaired, the family is clean and tidy; Family harmony, and then national governance; The country rules and the world is at peace.

From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. Those who are chaotic and not treated will be denied.

Thick is thin, thin is thick, nothing! "The three cardinal principles and eight aims of" University "have long set the principle of being a man for future generations. Self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country and leveling the world, Zhi Zhi is following suit, which is the foundation of being a man." One is self-cultivation, so one can only be the best to make people believe, and it is also the way to do business. Those who look at the "Evergreen Foundation" overseas are far-sighted. They all aim at making profits, win the world with quality and trust, do what everyone in the world can do, choose one and keep one, and even have the Evergreen Foundation.

In doing business, China people never abandon the past and go abroad, but walk with their backs to the road. Only by pursuing one thing and persisting in it can we achieve great things. The way to do business is to keep one.

4. Translate the translation of the classical Chinese "Poor Business at Home":

Shang Yang's family was poor and there was no cow to plow the fields, so he took a big pig and made it at sunrise. The big pig refused to submit (put on the yoke), but he was relieved one by one, and he could not plow a small piece of land in a day. When Mr. Wu passed by, he would rather blame him and say, "You are wrong! Cattle should be used for cultivated land, because cows are strong enough to plough out the earth, and their hooves are hard enough to stand in the mud. No matter how big the pig is, how to cultivate it? "

Shang got angry and ignored him. Mr. Ning Wuzi said, "Isn't that what the Book of Songs says?" Tell the ancestors of pigs that catching pigs in pigsty means catching pigs and killing them to eat meat. Now you replace Niu Gengdi with it, isn't it almost upside down? I told you because I felt sorry for you, but you were angry and ignored me. Why? "

The merchant said, "You thought I was reversing right and wrong, and I thought you were reversing right and wrong. Don't I know that you want to plow the fields with cows, just as you want to govern the people with sages? Do not use cattle, although the breeding is not good, but its harm is small; Without sages, the world will suffer, which is very harmful. Why not use my words to blame those who govern the people? Mr. Ning turned to his disciples and said, "This man should be angry (with reality). "

Original text:

Shang Yang's family was poor and there were no calves to farm, so he took a big donkey and drove it to the east. If the jackal refuses to put on the yoke, he can't break one all day. How about Teacher Wu say, "I passed!" When plowing the land with an ox, you can lift one piece with great strength, and the hoof is strong enough to sink into the mire. If the jackal is big, can it be cultivated? Shang Yangzi was angry and replied.

But Mr. Wu said, "Poetry" is not a cloud? It is wrong to create Cao Cao and put him in prison. If you don't plow today, isn't it just a few bumps? I am sympathetic. I asked for a letter, but I am angry and I am responding. Why? "

Shang Yang and Confucius said, "The overthrow of the son is the overthrow of the son. Those who don't know that they need cows to serve the fields and graze our people must be virtuous. Don't use cattle, although you can't farm, it's not harmful; Without virtue, the world will suffer, and its harm will be great. Why don't you treat me like a herder? " Mr. Ning Wu pointed to his disciples and said, "It's the man with courage."

Source: Using jackals instead of plowing-Song Lian in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.

Extended data

Creation background

Song Lian was born in a poor family, but he was smart and eager to learn. He was employed by Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and other ancient writers at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. Resign to write a book on the grounds of supporting parents.

He advocated "learning from the past" and "learning from the past" in writing, taking the method from the Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works were very rich. His works are represented by biographical sketches and narrative essays, either simple or elegant or elegant, each with its own characteristics.