What ancient civilizations have appeared in ancient West Asia? Please list their achievements in civilization.

One of the earliest cradles of ancient civilization in ancient West Asia. In this vast land, there have been many large and small countries. The southern part of the Gulianghe River Basin was the first area in West Asia to enter the slave society. Around 3000 BC, a dozen polis appeared here one after another.

Akkad Kingdom, established around 2340 BC, is the first unified centralized country in the history of the two river basins.

From the third dynasty of Ur (about 2065438 BC+065438 BC+0 ~ 2003 BC) to the era of Hammurabi in Babylon (about 65438 BC+0792 BC ~ 65438 BC+0750 BC), the centralized autocracy system has been perfected and the slave society has entered its heyday.

After the decline of the kingdom of Babylon, the Hittites in Asia, the commercial city-states of Phoenicia on the eastern Mediterranean, Israel and the Jewish kingdom in Palestine successively entered their respective prosperous periods, which had a considerable influence in history.

In the eighth century BC, the Assyrian Empire first incorporated most of West Asia into its territory.

Following the new Babylonian rule the kingdom period (that is, the Chaldeans, 626-538 BC), the slave economy in the two river basins reached a high level.

Later, the Persian Empire (538-330 BC) rose, conquered the whole West Asia, Egypt and other regions, and established a great empire across Asia, Africa and Europe. These countries have risen, prospered, exchanged and perished in this land.

Extended data:

Parthia, a powerful country in ancient West Asia, was translated as "rest in peace" in ancient China, because its royal family came from Assasi family. At the beginning of the 3rd century BC, the Palne tribe, a member of the nomadic Dakhs, moved from the present Syr Darya River valley to the Parthian province of the Seleucean Empire.

In 247 BC, Asasis I, the leader of this tribe, used the local governor to build a country by himself, and established the Asasis dynasty of Pattaya with Nisa (now Ashgabat, Turkmenistan) as its capital.

Nearly a century after the establishment of the assassin dynasty, Parthians lived in a corner of Parthia province. But since then, the Parthians have taken advantage of the weakness of the Seleucid Empire to expand everywhere. By 90 BC, the kingdom of Parthia was facing the Euphrates River in the west and confronted Seleucus/Rome. Northeast China is connected with Kangju and Da Yue;

It occupied Kandahar in the southeast and extended to the Indian border, becoming the number one power in West Asia. As the kingdom of Parthia is the only place across the Asian continent on the Silk Road, it benefits from transit trade economically. Therefore, the kingdom of Parthia has always maintained friendly relations with ancient China.

In 1 15 BC, the Han Dynasty sent envoys to the eastern part of the kingdom of Parthia. On the way, I met Mithradati II, the king of that country, who returned from the East with 20,000 troops. China's envoy mistakenly thought that his king personally came to meet him. But in the west, the kingdom of Parthia had to deal with Seleucus and the expanding Roman Empire.

Because the kingdom of Parthia is a country established by nomadic people, its administrative system and military organization have a strong nomadic color. Parthia's domestic organization is loose. According to the records of Roman geographers Pliny the Elder and isidore, the whole country of Parthia consists of 18 subordinate countries and 19 provinces.

Among them, the larger affiliated countries are Osroni, Adiyabeni, Atterlo Putney, Mede, Hartlini, ChaLasseny, Hermes, Bossis, Karmania, Hekania, Marguillard, Arria and Indo-Pattaya. In the areas directly controlled by the assassin dynasty, due to the influence of nobles and local forces, the king could not act arbitrarily.

Parthians are close to Greek culture because of their backward nomadic ancestors. At one time, the ruling class used Greek, appreciated Greek dramas and advocated Greek customs. This country was finally conquered by the Sassanian dynasty of Persians in 224 AD.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient West Asia