1920- 1930 what happened to capitalism?

The League of Nations was established.

1920- 192 1 year Bossu War.

192 1 the Washington conference ended, and four conventions, five conventions and nine conventions were signed.

192 1 year, the Japanese returned Shandong to China.

1923, France and Belgium invaded Ruhr, Germany, which was called Ruhr crisis in history.

1923 Italy invaded Corfu, Greece.

1924, implementation of Dodds plan.

Electron diffraction was discovered in 1927.

The noisy twenties (entry)

The roaring twenties refers to the 1920s period in North America (including the United States and Canada). In the past ten years, it has covered countless exciting events, so some people call it "the most colorful era in history": the return of American soldiers from pre-war Europe opened the prelude of this era, followed by the birth of new art represented by jazz and the emergence of new confident modern female faces; Although the catastrophe of 1929 came to an end, countless far-reaching inventions, unprecedented industrialization, people's strong consumer demand and desire, and earth-shaking changes in lifestyle during this period are still unforgettable. In addition, a series of domestic and international events in the United States profoundly changed the historical process in the first half of the 20th century. However, it is undeniable that many African-Americans in southern States still live in poverty, and mafia members are greatly influenced by films such as The Birth of a Country. During this period, racial barriers and conflicts in the United States further expanded and intensified, and the social foundation for large-scale persecution of people of color was unconsciously consolidated and strengthened.

general situation

The noisy twenties began in North America and spread to Europe under the influence of the end of World War I. Europe has been plagued by economic recession since the end of World War I 19 19, so it has been committed to post-war reconstruction and restoring the reduction of labor caused by the war. Unlike after World War II, the United States did not try to support the post-war revival of Europe, but preferred isolationism. In Canada, the United States replaced Britain as the main economic partner, which led to an extremely important economic transformation in the country's history. Generally speaking, from the mid-1920s, the economic scale of North America began to surpass that of Europe, and almost at the same time, several European powers, such as Britain, France and Germany, also began to show their roaring twenties. The rapid economic development in Europe in the second half of the 1920s was called the "Golden 20s", and it was also called "anné es folles" in France and Canada.

The essence of the roaring twenties can be described as the uncoordinated combination of modernism and anti-traditional spirit. During this period, it seems that modern science can make everything possible, and the development potential of economy and technology seems infinite. Everyone feels that a brand-new and completely different era is coming. Train, car, telephone, radio and other audience-oriented communication means make modernism spread among the people, and the principle of pragmatism makes all unnecessary and redundant decorations removed, whether in the field of architecture or in daily life. At the same time, cheerful entertainment activities such as jazz and dance flourished, so this period was also called "Jazz Age".

1economy in the 1920s

Traditionally, because many new consumer goods flooded into the market, the prosperous 1920s was a period of economic prosperity. At first, North American economy spent a lot of time in the transition from wartime economy to peacetime economy. Soon after, explosive growth began. In the roaring decade, the United States grew into the world's first economic power with the mass production of industry and the prevailing consumerism culture in society, while the economic take-off of Europe began after 1924.

Although the United States has made great progress in society, economy and science and technology, the situation of African-Americans, new immigrants, farmers and some proletarians is no different from the past. In fact, millions of people still live below the poverty line of $2,000.

In addition, the explosive economic growth also laid the groundwork for the Great Depression that swept the world in the 1930s.

Impact of Demobilization on Economy

After World War I, a large number of American and Canadian soldiers returned to North America with cash in their pockets, and the new goods on the market prompted the money to be finally consumed. Although the United States also faced a short-term economic recession after the war, with the demobilization of American and Canadian soldiers, the factory labor force was supplemented and a large number of factories were rebuilt, and the economies of the two countries recovered rapidly.

* * * and the party's economic policy

At that time, a series of economic policies formulated by the ruling party and the party were considered to have had an important impact on economic growth. The government implemented a laissez-faire economy without any administrative intervention, which created conditions for the outbreak of the epidemic. 1922 The Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law effectively guaranteed the prosperity of domestic industry and commerce by preventing foreign capital from entering. Finance Minister Andrew Mellon ($ TERM:1921-1932) cut the additional tax from 50% to 20%, which helped those business consortia to consolidate their monopoly positions in their respective fields.

New products and technologies

In the 1920s, the unprecedented development of mass production made technology products cheaper. In fact, many products that have become commonplace in this era existed as early as before the war, but they just could not be popularized among the people. The automobile, film, broadcasting and daily chemical industries are booming, among which the automobile industry should be particularly pointed out. Before the war, the car was an extreme luxury; By the 1920s, cheap mass-produced cars had spread all over North America. By 1927, Henry Ford had sold150,000 Model T cars. In Canada, there are only 300,000 cars in 19 18. Ten years later, this number has soared to 6.5438+0.9 million. Cars have a wide impact on economic and social development. The automobile industry has rapidly grown into a leading big industry, and peripheral industries such as gas stations, motels and petroleum industries have also been pulled up.

In the roaring age, radio became the first broadcast mass media in history. People can afford radios, and programs are becoming more and more interesting. Because of its wide audience, broadcasting has gradually become an important medium for product promotion. In this "golden age of broadcasting", the content of radio programs is as extensive as that of TV sets today. Moreover, because there was no independent censorship system widely introduced today, the editors at that time could try their best to attract the audience at will, which was also the beginning of violence and crime in movies and other popular cultures in the future. It was not until 1927 that the Federal Broadcasting Committee was established that this absolute freedom was restrained and a new era of controlling broadcasting came.

Small advertisements inserted before the film screening further expanded the already growing mass market. At the beginning of the 20th century, only silent short films (silent films) gradually changed, paving the way for the "golden age of movies" in 1930s and 1940s. Because the price is much lower than other entertainment consumption, watching movies is also recognized by the blue-collar class.

Expansion of infrastructure

The rapid development of science and technology promotes the enthusiastic demand for new infrastructure, and government-led construction projects account for the vast majority. The great development of automobile industry has led to the expansion and transformation of expressways, and the total mileage of trunk roads and toll roads has continuously set a new record. The emergence of a new class with high consumption capacity has increased the demand for consumer goods, including cars.

The backward power facilities in the war made rapid progress in the 1920s, and the scale of the power grid continued to expand. Most industries began to use electricity instead of primary energy. The construction of new power plants has mushroomed, and the power generation in the United States has tripled.

At the same time, the telephone line finally crossed the North American continent, ordinary families began to lay indoor sewer pipes, and a modern sewage treatment system was initially established.

Because most of the construction costs of these infrastructures are borne by the government, local governments with the good idea of "benefiting in the future" are deeply in debt trouble after investing a lot of money. This also became a major problem during the Great Depression. On the other hand, contrary to the generous investment of local governments, the central governments of the United States and Canada have paid off their war debts in this decade and gradually recovered some taxes introduced during the war.

speculate

A large number of private deposits began to flow into speculative funds, especially the new york Stock Exchange. A lot of speculation and speculation caused an economic bubble, which created conditions for the 29-year crash. In addition, from 1925 to the following year, another investment bubble burst, which was called "Florida real estate boom", which was not the same as that in 29 years.

Population explosion and urbanization

Another important trend in the 1920s was urbanization. With the rapid growth of industry, the continuous expansion of road and railway transportation systems and the emergence of skyscrapers, the number of urban residents in the United States and Canada surpassed that in rural areas for the first time in history. The financial and insurance industry has tripled, and the proportion of service industry in GDP has risen sharply. Today, the earliest generation of white-collar workers was born in the city, and a large number of women began to enter the office to engage in secretarial work. By the end of 1920s, women accounted for 20% of Canadian workers. Due to their proximity to the vast crop-producing areas, cities in the Midwest and the Great Lakes region of the United States, including Chicago and Toronto, developed most rapidly during this period. The Panama Canal opened in 19 14 also benefited the west coast of the United States.