Who can tell me about the history of Byzantium?

1。 Chilalius (6 10-64 1) was the son of the Byzantine emperor and the Armenian African governor Chilalius (father and son have the same name). In 608, Chilalio broke with Byzantine emperor Focas and marched into Egypt. In 6 10, Chilalio entered the capital Constantinople and killed Focas. In June 5438+00, he was crowned the Byzantine emperor and founded the Chilalio dynasty. When Chirac ascended the throne slightly, the Byzantine Empire was in an extremely dangerous state. Due to the mutiny of Focas's retreat from the Danube border, Avars can enter and leave the Balkans at will. As an ally of Emperor Morris, Persian Emperor Kusru II attacked Byzantium under the pretext of Maurice's murder. Antioch, Syria and Jerusalem fell one after another. In 6 16, Persian general Baltz invaded Egypt. By 6 19, he conquered the whole of Egypt, and Sassanbos reached its peak. At this critical moment, Chirac slightly rejected the proposal of moving the capital to Carthage and began to reform the military system. He reformed the original hereditary military region system of the Roman Empire into a smaller military region directly controlled by the central government, called Sima. Sima, a centralized military system, cleared the way for the smooth military dispatch of the imperial central government. Sima Bing system not only helped Chirac finally defeat Persia, but also was adopted by Byzantine dynasty in the following hundreds of years. After that, Chirac led a large army, bypassed the Persian army that besieged Constantinople, landed in Asia Minor by warship, and raided the Persian rear. Chirac slightly surpassed the reinforcements of the Polish army, recovered lost ground and occupied Colt, Armenia and Medea all the way. In 625, Chirac slightly pacified the west of Asia Minor. Later, Chirac returned to Constantinople and attacked the Avars who besieged Constantinople. The Persian navy intended to help the Avars, but it was defeated by the Byzantine navy. The Avar people who lost their strong support had to withdraw from the besieged city in 626. Chirac quickly organized a counterattack to attack Persia, and the army was invincible. Persia had to make peace with Byzantium in 63 1 year, giving up all Byzantine territories occupied by Persia in past dynasties, releasing prisoners of war, returning the "Holy Cross" stolen from Jerusalem, returning all the property stolen from Byzantium, and paying back military expenses for several years. After hundreds of years of war, Sassanbos achieved nothing and could not recover from the failure of the war. Only after 10 years, the huge Persian empire was destroyed by the Arabs. Chirac slightly restored all Asian territories, the two river basins, Syria and Egypt in Byzantium, and contributed to the reconstruction of Byzantium. Chirac's far-reaching military reform and brilliant achievements in winning the final victory of the Roman-Persian War made him a great commander in chief in Byzantine history, and so did Belisario. In 634, the Arabs attacked Syria, but Chirac was unable to personally sign because of illness. In 636, his Byzantine generals were defeated in the battle of Yamuk, and the Syrian and Palestinians quickly fell. Before his death, most of Egypt had fallen into the hands of Arabs.

2. Constantine III (64 1) was the eldest son of Chiralius, the Byzantine emperor, whose original name was Chiralius. He died of tuberculosis only four months after taking office. During his reign, Alexandria fell, Egypt was conquered by Arabs, and the Roman Empire's rule over Egypt for nearly 700 years ended.

3. Chirac Leo (64 1) was the Byzantine emperor, the second son of Chirac, and the half-brother of Constantine III. After the death of Constantine III, because there were rumors that he imprisoned and murdered his brother, the soldiers in the capital rebelled, and Chirac Rios was deposed after his nose was cut off and executed.

4. Constantine II (64 1-668) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Constantine III. 64 1 year, was proclaimed emperor by the insurgents. During his reign, the Arabs had completely occupied Egypt and began to attack the Byzantine islands in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. In 658, he defeated the Slavs on the Danube, temporarily delaying the Slavs' southward migration to the Balkans. 66 1 year, defeated Lombardy, Italy, and planned to move the capital to Sicily, but it was unanimously opposed by the people and had to be abandoned. In 668, he was assassinated by his guards in the bathroom.

5. Constantine IV (668-685) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Constantine II. In 674, the Arabs besieged Constantinople for four years. Constantinople remained motionless. In 678, the Byzantine army defeated the besieged Arab fleet with Greek artillery fire, which was the first time that Greek artillery fire was used in actual combat. This advanced weapon, similar to the flamethrower, later became a unique hidden weapon of Byzantium, helping Byzantium save the day. Later, Byzantium took advantage of the victory to attack and defeated the Arab infantry regiment again in Anatolia, temporarily relieving the threat of Arabs trying to conquer Byzantium. In 680, the third religious conference was held in Constantinople, reconfirming the resolution of the Jiacaidong religious conference in 45 1 and declaring the oneness of Christianity as heresy. Since then, most monotheists in the empire have been expelled, moved to Coptic areas controlled by Muslims, and stubbornly survived in Egypt, Syria and other places, maintaining their own beliefs. Today, Copts in Egypt account for 10% of Egypt's total population.