The cultural essence of Bachu culture

Ba culture and Chu culture are both multi-source cultures with the advantages of integration and inheritance. When communicating with each other, it is easy to produce either-or cultural events, and the advantages of fusion inheritance are more obvious.

Chu tiger patterns are common in places close to Ba people. It is extremely rare in places far away from Ba people, and it is undoubtedly born out of the tiger pattern of Ba style. Ba-style cymbals are undoubtedly based on Chu-style cymbals, but the age is relatively late, the technology is rough and the shape is simple.

Ba people regard Gan Lan as their living room, which is now called "Diaojiaolou". Chu people's money came from the Central Plains, and there was no contact with it at first. Later, the "Taiwan Pavilion" was developed, which must be modeled after the dry column, but it was wonderful. Gan Lan of Ba people probably learned from Vietnamese, but shine on you is better than Lan. The "Diaojiaolou" of Ba people's heritage exists in southwest Hubei, northwest Hunan, southeast Chongqing, northeast Chongqing and northeast Guizhou, among which southwest Hubei is the most prominent, because it is closest to Laochuying, and there are more or less terraced fields, pavilions and pavilions. In architecture, the influence of Ba and Chu is two-way.

The bronze statue unearthed from Jingmen axle is strange and extremely difficult to untie. A similar bronze statue was unearthed in Buddy, but there was no similar statue on it. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the bronze statue on the axle originated from the beliefs of Ba or Chu people, or from the beliefs of Ba and Chu people.

During the Warring States Period, Du Ying had popular songs "Li Xia" and "Ba People". Scholars generally believe that it is Chu songs and Ba people are Ba songs. However, the popularity of Chu songs and Ba songs at the same time and in the same place will inevitably influence each other, that is, Chu songs have Ba style and Ba songs have Chu style, and there is no conclusion.

Some cultural events are similar to the Chu people, and it is difficult to distinguish them sooner or later. For example, Ba people have the legend of the goddess of salty water (Qingjiang River), while Chu people have the legend of the goddess of Wushan Mountain. There are many similarities between the two, and some aspects are quite confusing. Whether the Ba people spread to the Chu people or the Chu people spread to the Ba people is purely coincidental. Due to unclear clues and insufficient evidence, it is still an unsolved case.

No matter in Ba culture or Chu culture, in anthropological terms, there are cross-cultural elements, that is, hybrid culture or mixed culture, from which its genetic advantage comes. Bachu cultural exchange has a long history and far-reaching influence. Therefore, regardless of national culture, Chu has a Ba and Bazhong has a Chu.

At the latest, since the reign of Xiongqu, Pakistan and Chu had a cultural exchange relationship.

At the latest, since the reign, Pakistan and Chu have been ambassadors to each other.

At the latest, since the King of Chu * * *, the Bagong people have intermarried with the Chu people.

In Bati, there are Chu immigrants and garrison soldiers. Immigrants are like real estate gentry, and the defenders are Chu soldiers stationed in Ba County (Wuxian County). In Chu State, Ba people and Chu people live together. The Ba people's settlement in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was found in Tuojiang Temple in Jiangling, and the Ba tomb in the same place as the Chu tomb was found in Jingmen Bridge.

Occasionally, Chu wares were unearthed from Ba Tomb, and occasionally, Ba wares were unearthed from Chu Tomb.

It can be asserted that the relationship between Ba culture and Chu culture is not a plate structure, let alone a Pisces-shaped Taiji diagram structure. They are intertwined, intertwined, infiltrated and complemented each other, and are inextricably linked. Bachu culture, as a historical culture and regional culture, has always been a dual compound cultural entity of Bachu. Compound, first couple, then merge.

Zhi Zhu's Ci is the product of the integration and inheritance of Bachu culture, which has the advantage of appealing to both refined and popular tastes.

Modern folk songs and dances in southwest Hubei are also the product of Bachu culture, which has the advantages of simplicity and ingenuity. "1, the result of national integration; 2. The crystallization of cultural exchange; 3. National movements and alliances have made contributions; 4. Natural geographical conditions and ecological environment. " It can be said that it is right. However, from the perspective of folk culture, it seems that two minks can be continued: first, the feudal rulers since Qin and Han dynasties adopted the policy of "detaining" the descendants of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou and Pakistan; Secondly, Tujia people, descendants of Pakistanis, inherited Bachu culture in this closed environment. Bachu culture with a long history has never been interrupted or disappeared, and has become a historical culture. Of course, the living Bachu culture we see today mainly exists in the folk culture of Tujia nationality (and its border area with ancient Chu).

In a word, Bachu culture is a regional historical culture, mainly distributed in the border areas of Chongqing, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou, with the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River as the activity center. According to the article "Bachu Culture in Yichang Area of Three Gorges" in Guangming Daily, Bachu culture has the following characteristics: first, it overlaps and crosses in the region; Second, the core is deeply integrated; Third, intermarriage between ethnic groups; Fourth, the confusion of customs.

Foolishly, the study of Bachu culture should rely on one city (Yichang), two rivers (Zhang Ju and Qingjiang-the birthplace and prosperous place of Chu culture and Ba culture respectively) and the Three Gorges, radiating all over the country. Yichang is not only the intersection of Bachu culture, but also the intersection of ancient cultural sedimentary belt and Yangtze River economic development belt, and it is the hinterland of Bachu culture. Developed economy, convenient transportation and talent gathering. The study of Bachu culture takes up "the right time, the right place and the right people", what's more, we have made a useful attempt in the development of Bachu cultural resources: the dance drama "Tuqi Ba Ren" with the theme of Tujia marriage customs won the "Wenhua Award" from the Ministry of Culture and the "Five One Projects" award from the Propaganda Department; Bachu Music Palace, which mainly imitates the unearthed Bachu musical relics, receives hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. Changyang Tujia folk songs and dances are well-known overseas; Ballads, Stories and Proverbs, a collection of folk literature in Three Gorges, received rave reviews. ...

All these favorable local conditions, coupled with the support and suggestions of experts and scholars from Hunan, Hubei and Chongqing, enable us to realize our long-cherished wish of establishing Bachu cultural projects, conducting academic research and writing a book in a relatively short time. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the experts and scholars who have supported and helped us. The term "Bachu culture" not only covers history and reality, but also shows its broadness and openness.

"The terrain of China, from west to east, from high to low, can be roughly divided into three steps. The border area between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River is located at the eastern edge of the middle section of the second step and the western edge of the middle section of the third step. Here is the dangerous gorge rapids with high mountains. The land is narrow and the people are poor, so it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. The historical rhythm is much slower than that of the Great Plains in the east and great basin in the west. If you are in the deepest part of the mountain, this person is like a person in the Peach Blossom Garden, talking about culture and cultural products, and writing a brilliant page for the cultural history of China. "