The Development History of Taiwan Province Oolong Tea

Oolong tea in Taiwan Province Province originated in Fujian, but the tea-making technology of Fujian Oolong tea has changed since it was introduced into Taiwan Province Province. According to the different fermentation degree and technological process, it can be divided into: lightly fermented Wenshan-type seed-wrapped tea and frozen-top-type seed-wrapped tea; Re-fermented Taiwan Province oolong tea. Oolong tea is the pioneer of tea industry development in Taiwan Province Province. The tea planting area in Taiwan Province Province is 23,000 hectares, with an annual output of 23,000 metric tons of tea, and the oolong tea planting area accounts for 45%.

Namely 10000 hectares; The annual output of oolong tea accounts for 65%, namely 15000 metric tons. Oolong tea is the main tea in Taiwan Province Province. The development of tea industry in Taiwan Province Province has only a history of more than 200 years. Tea has always been an important economic product in Taiwan Province Province, which has made an indelible contribution to the economic development of Taiwan Province Province.

The fate of Taiwan Province Province is tortuous. After different immigration stages and different regimes, Taiwan Province Island was isolated overseas before its development. Except for a few aborigines, it is a refuge for coastal fishermen and exiles. 15, the 6th century, the invasion of western imperialism, the Netherlands, Spain occupied the northern and southern parts of Taiwan Province Province, Britain, Japan constantly coveted. By the middle of17th century (166 1), Zheng Chenggong, an old man of the Ming Dynasty, successfully expelled the Dutch and recovered Taiwan Province Province. During Zheng's 23-year rule, the Han people laid the foundation for the development of Taiwan Province Province.

1683, the Qing government unified Taiwan Province province, and compatriots from the mainland and coastal areas immigrated in various ways until 1895, when the Japanese carved up Taiwan Province province. 2 12 During the reign of the Qing government, the population of Taiwan increased greatly, so tea in Taiwan Province Province took root. 18 10 (Qing Jiaqing 15), Fujian tea merchant Ke Chao successfully planted tea seeds in Taibei County, so Taiwan Province Province began to plant tea. 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng, Qing dynasty), the British and French allied forces attacked China and forcibly concluded the Tianjin Treaty, which stipulated the Taiwan Province government as an international trading port. At that time, Jardine Theson &；; AmpCo.) sent people to Taiwan Province Province to buy crude oolong tea products. ?

During 1868 (the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), British businessman John Dodd deeply felt that it was inconvenient for raw oolong tea in Taiwan Province Province to be transported to Fuzhou for processing and refining every year, and then packaged, transported and marketed. Therefore, Du De hired a Fuzhou tea teacher to purchase tea-making equipment and came to Taipei to engage in the refining experiment of oolong tea, which was successful. In the following year, 1869 (8 years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), Dude's 127860 kilograms of Taiwan Province oolong tea was marked with Formosa tea, and it was put on two sailboats and sailed directly to the United States, which was very popular.

1873 (Tongzhi 1 1), oolong tea flourished in Taiwan Province province, and five foreign firms competed for oolong tea in Taipei, which made the price of Taiwanese tea rise from 60 kg oolong tea 15 yuan to 30 yuan. At that time, there were three times as many tea merchants in Taipei as in Mobry, which stimulated tea farmers everywhere to make greater efforts to increase tea production and created the golden age of oolong tea. According to Mr. Lian's General History of Agriculture in Taiwan Province Province, "Fu oolong tea is a unique flavor in Taipei. Sales in the United States, the market is getting wider and wider. Since then, the tea industry has flourished and can be worth 200 thousand a year. Businessmen in Xiamen and Shantou have opened twenty or thirty tea shops, and many tea workers are from Anxi. Women from poor families make a living by picking tea and earn two or three hundred yuan a day. The market situation in Taipei is as follows. ?

188 1 year (the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), the oolong tea in Taiwan Province province was affected by the depression of the world tea industry. Five foreign companies in Taipei thought that the oolong tea in Taiwan Province province was expensive and unprofitable, and stopped purchasing, which led to the existence of a kind of market-free oolong tea, which was called the "hit a wall era" of the oolong tea industry in Qing dynasty. At that time, the general tea merchants in Taipei, in view of the declining market situation of oolong tea, had no choice but to transport most of the unsalable oolong tea in Taipei Avenue City to Fuzhou and change it into "packaged tea", commonly known as "fragrant tea". Mr. Wu Fuyuan, a native of Tongan County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, also traveled across the ocean to Taiwan Province to run the "Long Yuan" tea house and began to make this kind of packaged tea with floral fragrance. This is the origin of the transformation of Taiwan Province Oolong Tea into packaged tea, and the manufacturing of packaged tea in Taiwan Province Province is the first. Soon, Wang Anding, a businessman from Anxi, Quanzhou, and Zhang Zhankui jointly founded the "Jianchenghao" tea house, dealing in bagged tea. In Taiwan Province Province, Baozhong tea has gradually kept pace with oolong tea.

In the Qing Dynasty, tea merchants in Taiwan Province Province set up museums to buy tea, which were called "teahouses". Teahouses are second only to tea farmers. At that time, teahouses in Taiwan Province Province were both purchasers and refiners of coarse tea, responsible for purchasing coarse tea, further processing and refining it, and also engaged in the manufacture of export boxes of tea. There are two kinds of teahouses: one is a teahouse engaged in oolong tea, called "restaurant"; First, the teahouse engaged in growing tea is called the "store"; In addition, the teahouse that runs both oolong tea and packaged tea is called "oolong tea packaging teahouse".

1895 (Guangxu 2 1), after the Japanese ruled Taiwan Province Province, the market of oolong tea in Taiwan Province Province was much worse than before, and it was replaced by packaged tea with floral fragrance. The crisis is also a turning point. In order to get rid of the predicament, oolong tea gradually strives for a breakthrough in manufacturing technology and highlights the characteristics of oolong tea. So the production method of three-quarters fermentation, with fruit fragrance, is the main feature of oolong tea, and the market response is good, and oolong tea has been affirmed by the market again. Advanced oolong tea has a unique aroma of ripe fruit, with the sweetness of honey, and its appearance is yellow, white and red, just like a graceful "oriental beauty". If you add another drop of brandy, it will be more mellow and charming, so it is also called "champagne oolong tea" and "oriental beauty tea" 1923, mitsui company built a new factory to produce three-quarters fermented oolong tea, which was sold to the United States and was very popular.

In the early history of Taiwan's tea development, only oolong tea made it brilliant. Since then, although rising stars have planted tea, then became popular black tea and then rose green tea, after a hundred years, oolong tea has remained the first among the four kinds of tea exported in Taiwan Province Province, and it will never fade, and it is really the longevity star of Taiwanese tea. From 1869 to 1879, the export of oolong tea was only tens of thousands of kilograms, but in more than ten years, it jumped to more than 5 million kilograms, 1885 exceeded 8 million kilograms, and 1893 reached its peak, with a total of 9.83 million kilograms. Until 1920, the export of oolong tea in Taiwan Province Province temporarily lagged behind the cultivation of tea. Nevertheless, the influence of oolong tea culture on Taiwan Province society is enormous and far-reaching.

Since the outbreak of World War II and even the end of the war, the export-oriented tea production in Taiwan Province Province has changed and the export market has regressed in the past 50 years. After 1990, the output of tea in Taiwan Province Province has been insufficient to supply the domestic demand market, and a large amount of tea needs to be purchased from abroad every year to meet the domestic market. However, in this case, the history of tea foreign trade in Taiwan Province Province has not been interrupted, and the annual export volume of oolong tea remains above 1000 tons.