Where is Anton Raphael Meng from?

Anton Raphael Mons (1728-03-12 ~1779-06-29) was a German painter in the18th century, who was mainly active in Rome, Madrid and Saxony, and was a representative figure of neoclassical art.

Chinese name: Anton Raphael Mons.

Mbth: AntonRaphaelMengs

Nationality: Germany

Ethnic group: Danish

Place of birth: Usti-sur-Rabe

Date of birth: 1728-03- 12

Date of death: 1779-06-29

Occupation: painter

Faith: Catholicism

Main achievements: representative figures of neoclassical art

Representative works: The Judge of Paris, Jupiter Kissing Ganymede, and Mount Parnassus.

Personal profile

Antonraphaelmengs (1728-03-12 ~1779-06-29) was a German painter, writer, educator and cultural relic collector in the 8th century. He is the artistic spokesman of Johann Joachim Winckelmann's painting aesthetics, and the banner of neoclassical art and Dresden Art Institute. He mainly worked in churches and courts in Rome, Madrid and Saxony, and experienced Pope Clemente XIII, Clemente XIV, Pope pope pius vi, Spanish King Carlos III and Polish King Auguste III.

Personal life

1March 728 12 The man was born in Usti-on-Rabe, Czech Republic. Father Ismail Mens was born in Copenhagen. He was a Danish court painter and later immigrated to Dresden. After giving birth to Xiaoman, the mother gave birth to two more daughters and died soon. Mens accepted his father's artistic enlightenment when he was very young. 174 1 year, he went to Rome with his father and two sisters to receive classical culture education, to learn the paintings of Michelangelo Buonarroti and Raffaello Santi, especially to copy the works of the former repeatedly.

1744 Mens returned to Dresden, became a cabinet painter in the second year, and was appointed as a court painter by Auguste III, and funded him to return to Rome for further study in 1746.

Mens joined the academy in Rome and started his first large-scale creative attempt on 1748. Married in the same year and converted to Catholicism. 1749, commissioned by Auguste III, he created a large-scale altar painting "Ascension of Christ" for Dresden Palace Church, and allowed him to finish it in Rome. 175 1 year, the church was consecrated and Mens was promoted to be the chief painter of the court. 1754 The newly-built Osan Art Institute in Bitolli District of Rome is headed by Mence. Getting to know winkelmann from 65438 to 0755 greatly influenced the formation of Mence's artistic path and theory. Jose Nicolá s de Azara, a famous Spanish diplomat, also gave him great support. During this period, there were many commissions: painting zenith paintings for the monastery of Saint Eusebio, painting murals for Cardinal Albany, and creating oil paintings for other private individuals, such as Cleopatra, Sancta familia and Maria Magdalena. Among them, the wet mural "Mount Parnassus" created in Albany Villa in Rome made him famous at one fell swoop.

176 1 Mence, who was famous in Europe, went to Madrid to paint for the Spanish court at the invitation of Carlos III, and his works included The Meeting of the Gods and The Cross. Cooperate with Giovanni Battista Tiepolo to finish the renovation of the palace, and they get the same treatment, with an annual salary of 6,000 yuan. However, before the king comes, they can't help competing for favor. The gorgeous style of the latter is undoubtedly more popular than the classical charm of Mence. During this period, the Dresden altar painting was completed.

/kloc-returned to Italy in 0/769, stayed in Florence for 8 months, and then went to Rome to paint zenith paintings for the Vatican Library. 1772, he went to Naples to create zenith paintings "Trajan Congregation" and "Hall of Honor" for the King's Restaurant in Carlos III (Carlos III was also the king of Naples). From 65438 to 0774, he went on to Spain, during which he met Francisco José de Goyay Lucientes. Madrid's changeable climate and the dust produced by mural creation have affected his health. In addition, he studied writing day and night, so Mens had to go back to Rome for rest on 1775. Since then, bad news has come one after another, children and wives have died one after another, and Mence can't afford to get sick.

1on June 29th, 779, Mence died at his home in Rome and was buried in the church of SantiMicheleeMagno.

Achievements and honors

Polish court painter _ Saxon court painter

Vatican knight

Spanish court painter _ Naples court painter

Personal work

Advocating the eternal beauty of classical art in art can integrate Raphael's facial description and Antonio da Correggio's dynamic light and shadow with Titian Vecellio's color and Greek classical beauty. His works sometimes lack free and vivid originality, but through careful layout, appropriate techniques and beautiful vivid colors, they eventually become masterpieces. Oil painting includes four most common traditional themes, namely portraits, biblical stories, pagan myths and jade paintings. Compared with Peter Paul Rubens, which is also well-known in Europe, Mence rarely involves historical themes, and rarely leaves immortal works like Chronicles. Representative works include The Judge of Paris, Mount Parnassus and Jupiter Kissing Ganymede. He is also the author of Reflections on the Beauty and Aesthetic Taste of Painting, and the views expounded in the book make him a representative of German neoclassicism.

Portrait theme

Translator Dominico Anibari

Formerly known as DerS_ngerDomenicoAnnibali (German)

Time 1744

Pastel painting skills

Matrix paper

The dimensions are 55.5 cm high and 42.5 cm wide.

Collection of Dresden Ancient Masters Gallery

DomenicoAnnibali (about 1705 ~ 1779) is an Italian opera singer who devoted himself to the court of Saxony. He stumbled upon Mance's genius and recommended it to Auguste III, enabling Mance to study in Italy at public expense.

A self-portrait with a red cover

SelbstbildnisimrotenMantel (German)

Time 1744 to 1745.

Pastel painting skills

Matrix paper

The size is 55 cm high and 42 cm wide.

Collection of Dresden Ancient Masters Gallery

This is the earliest portrait of a man.

Translate self-portrait

Formerly known as Selbstbildnis (German)

Time 1773

Technique oil painting

matrix plate

The size is 98 cm high and 73 cm wide.

Collect uffizi Gallery in Florence.

This painter has maintained the German painting tradition since Al Brecht Diu Lei, and continuously and systematically painted self-portraits as a means of self-examination and introspection. This series of works is of high quality, which is another outstanding work. The people in the painting are wise and thoughtful, which is different from the depression after widowed in his later years and is still in the glorious period of his life. The atmosphere of the picture is simple and dignified, with a sense of sculpture, and the depiction is fine without losing the atmosphere. Therefore, as soon as it came out, it was regarded as a masterpiece, hanging beside the works of uffizi Gallery and Raffaello Santi.

Myth theme

The referee in Paris, the judgment in Paris.

Formerly known as судпариса (Russian)

The time is about 1757.

Technique oil painting

Matrix canvas

The dimensions are 226 cm high and 395.5 cm wide.

Collection of Elmy Tashi Museum in St. Petersburg.

Homer's epic "Iliad: No Golden Apple with the words" Dedicated to the Most Beautiful "was left with the goddess Eris, which triggered a struggle between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. Zeus handed the dispute over to Paris, the Trojan prince who was still a shepherd at that time. Paris decided that the golden apple belonged to Aphrodite who loved God, and helped Paris win the beautiful Helen. The other two goddesses became angry from embarrassment and brought disaster to Troy.

All the figures are naked and have classical artistic prototypes, but changing the common black hair of Greeks into blond hair reflects the painter's profound attainments in ancient Greek culture and his attempt to reconcile the aesthetics of Western Europe. Paris was sitting beside him, wearing a felt hat and a red cloak, suggesting that he was a prince and sending apples to Aphrodite. The three goddesses showed their identities in different postures: Aphrodite leaned against eros, little love god; Hera wears a crown and a peacock guard behind her, symbolizing the right to rule; There are tapestries and weapons under Athena's feet, indicating that she is the goddess of wisdom and Sivir. Hermes, the god who didn't appear in the picture, was replaced by two strong shepherds.

Parr Nasos, mt

Formerly known as Parnaso (Italian)

Time 1758 to 1759.

Craft wet mural

Matrix ceiling

The dimensions are 137cm high and 178.7cm wide.

Collect Albany villas in Rome

Hesiod's Divine Spectrum is a classic: Mount Panacas is the spiritual seat of Apollo, the sun god, and the hometown of nine muses. They often hold banquets and parties here. Influenced by winkelmann and referring to the archaeological knowledge at that time, the painter redesigned the theme that Raphael had painted in the signature hall. Instead of onlookers, Mnemosyne, the mother of the Muse, was added, making 65,438+00 goddesses symmetrical on both sides of Apollo. The gods dressed in classical costumes recognized at that time assumed a sculptural posture.

Jupiter kisses Ganymede.

Formerly known as Jupiter

Time 1758 to 1759.

Craft wet mural

Matrix gypsum board

The dimensions are 137cm high and 178.7cm wide.

Collect Bei Lini Palace in Rome.

So far, the source of the original code has not been found, and it may have been invented by the painter. Gnomedes is the Prince of Troy. Jupiter coveted his incomparable beauty, took him away as an eagle, went to Olympus as a bartender for the gods, and became Jupiter's only male lover. This technology draws lessons from the archaeological data of Pompeii, which was just excavated at that time, and is even mistaken for an ancient original by some scholars. The red background color is very common in Pompeii murals, and the figures' shapes, costumes and even the details of the throne are very real. At this time, the painter broke up with winkelmann, and winkelmann rashly wrote this mural into the history of ancient art .. Goethe claimed that the painter would not admit forgery until he died.

Translated into Poerxiusi and Andromeda, also known as Poerxiusi saves Andromeda.

Formerly known as PerseusandAndromeda

Time 1778

Technique oil painting

Matrix canvas

The dimension is 227cm high and153.5cm wide.

Collect Elmy Zhaxi Museum.

Decode ancient Greek mythology. Andlau Moda is the daughter of Ethiopian King Capes and Queen Cassiopeia. Her mother offended Poseidon's wife, Hai Houxing, because she always showed off her beauty. Poseidon wanted revenge for her, and Poseidon sent a whale to ravage Ethiopia. Capes is terrible. Ask the Oracle. The Oracle revealed that the only way to save her was to provide Andromeda. She was chained by her parents to a boulder on the road, and the sea monster represented by Ceylon constellation passed by. Later, the hero Poerxiusi happened to catch a glimpse of this tragedy, so he immediately took out the head of Medusa, a snake-haired witch, and petrified Ceylon. Poerxiusi killed the sea monster and rescued her. Poerxiusi poses a standard Greek statue with vivid human details. Little love god and eros symbolize their upcoming love.

Religious theme

Translation of Notre Dame newspaper

Formerly known as VerkündigungMariae

The time is about 1760.

Technique oil painting

Matrix canvas

The dimensions are 372 cm high and 240 cm wide.

Collect Vienna Museum of Art History

In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a virgin named Nazareth in Galilee. She was engaged to a David named Yue Se, and the virgin's name was Mary. The angel went in and said to her, "Long live! Full of grace, the Lord is with you! You are blessed among women. " However, she felt uneasy about it, so she thought about what this greeting meant. The angel said to her, "Maria, don't be afraid, because you have been favored by God. See, you are going to conceive and give birth to a son, and you will call his name Jesus. He will be great and called the son of the Most High, and God will give him the throne of his ancestor David. He will rule the house of Jacob for the king forever; His kingship is not over. " Mary said to the angel; "How can we achieve it? Because I don't know men. " The angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come to you, and the power of the Most High will protect you. Therefore, the saint to be born will be called the son of God. Look at your relative Isabel. Although she is old, she is pregnant with a boy. This month has been six months. She was originally called barren because nothing is impossible before God. " Mary said, "handmaid, it will be done to me as you said." "The angel left her.

Dream of St. Joseph

Formerly known as TraumdesHl. Joseph (German)

From 1773 to 1774.

Technique oil painting

Matrix oak floor

The dimensions are 1 14cm high and 86cm wide.

Collect Vienna Museum of Art History

Bible, New Testament, Dou Fuyin: The birth of Jesus Christ is like this: After his mother Mary was betrothed to Yue Se, before living together, she revealed that she was pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph, because he is an honest man, did not want to publicly humiliate her and deliberately divorced her secretly. While he was thinking about this, suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Yue Se, son of David, don't be afraid to marry your wife Mary, for what is born in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus, because he will save his nation from sin. All this happened to fulfill what the Lord said through the prophet: "behold, a virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and people will call her Emmanuel, which means: God is with us." When Yue Se woke up from his sleep, he married his wife as the angel of God commanded. Yue Se didn't know her, but she gave birth to a son and named him Jesus.

Tuoyu drawing

Translation history

Formerly known as history.

The time is about 1773.

Craft wet mural

Matrix ceiling

The dimensions are178.7cm long and137cm wide.

Venue: The Pope's Cabinet.

Tuoyu painting expresses the single theme of "history". In the middle of the picture is a scribe, which means to record history faithfully. Women who argue aside show that history needs wise philosophical thinking. The naked man sitting in front symbolizes that history can transcend death.

Personal anecdote

Father Ismail Mens chose the artist's path for the children on the day they were born, and began strict training, accompanied by corporal punishment. Mence's brother ran away from home, and Mence himself didn't strengthen his belief in writing until he personally felt the charm of classical culture and predecessors in Rome.

Unlike his contemporaries who went to Rome only to learn the latest painting techniques, Ismail Mens did not want his son to keep up with the trend of painting, but asked him to imitate the ancients and expected him to be on a par with the ancient masters. This can also be seen from the names he gave his sons: Antonio da Correggio and Raffaello Santi respectively. These two people also happen to be the masters who have the greatest influence on Mens.

Mens has become an excellent pastel painter after studying, but Ismail Mens always tries to hide his son's talent. It was not until an accidental visit by Anne Barry, a court musician, that Mence's talent was discovered and quickly reported to Auguste III. The king then sponsored the men's 600-meter high and returned to Rome for further study.

1748, when Mens first tried large-scale creation independently, she was always worried about the image of the Virgin Mary in it, so she went to the streets to find a suitable model. Suddenly he saw a particularly beautiful peasant girl named Margaret Guaz. If Mens got the treasure, she invited the girl to be a model, and Margaret readily agreed. The two subsequently developed feelings and became partners, and Mence also converted to Catholicism with his wife.

After visiting Mens and sharing his artistic views, Weber, an Englishman, plagiarized Mens' views and wrote a book, The Experiment of Beauty, which made him famous. This book was later translated into German, and was published in Zurich earlier than Menzer's own German works.

Mens and Giacomo Casanova are good friends, and the latter mentioned Mens many times in his memoirs.

Although Mence is German, not many paintings remain in Germany. His murals are mainly in Rome, and his oil paintings are mainly in Madrid. In addition, Russia has a small collection of men's works, but the quality is very high. Elmy Tashi Museum in St Petersburg has five excellent works. One is that Catherine II was born in Germany, and the other is that the classical style of men's clothing painting is very popular with the Russian royal family. Catherine II prepared a coffin for him at St Peter's Cathedral in Rome after his death.

Although Mence earned a lot of money, with an annual income of about 65,438+0,000 silver coins, he left no legacy. He spent most of his income on supporting young painters and buying ancient works of art, including hand-painted by Renaissance masters, ancient vases, replicas of classical sculptures, and copperplate prints. He donated copies of classical sculptures to the art institutes in Madrid and Dresden respectively.

well-known saying

Men's wear: Art is the most demanding pursuit of beautiful modeling.

Social assessment

At first, Mence was highly respected outside Germany and was considered as the greatest painter of all time. Later, the criticism of his works was reduced, and he was considered to be skilled and less talented.