Historical evolution of Greenland

In 982, Norwegian Eric Red was expelled from Iceland for murder, so he came to Greenland to settle down. Eric returned to Iceland in 985. In order to make people happy to go to this newly discovered land, he named it Greenland. In 986, he organized an expedition to explore Greenland, which led to the development of two colonies: the eastern colony, near Giuliana Habu in present-day Yuliana; The western colony, near today's Godthab. At their peak, these colonies owned 280 farms with a population of 3,000. 1 1 century, Eriksson came back from Norway, which had recently accepted Christianity, and introduced Christianity to Greenland. 1 126, Greenland established the first bishop position on the island.

/kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, the Inuit in northern Canada moved to Greenland to settle down. They have lived by fishing and hunting for generations. In 982 AD, Norwegian immigrants to Iceland discovered Greenland and became a Norwegian colony in 126 1. 1380 Denmark formed an alliance with Norway and Greenland was transferred to Denmark and Norway. 184 1 After the partition of Denmark and Norway, it became a colony of Denmark. After that, Norway and Denmark had a dispute over the ownership of the island. 1933, Denmark and Norway agreed to submit this dispute to the Permanent Court of International Justice under the League of Nations for arbitration. According to the arbitration result, Denmark gained full sovereignty over Greenland.

From about13rd century, Knowles (Norway) immigrants began to interact with the expanding Inuit Tulle culture (which appeared in northern Greenland about 1 100). However, mainly due to the cold climate in Greenland, Knowles Colony declined in14th century and disappeared completely in15th century.

From 126 1, Greenland is the king of Norway. Prior to this, Knowles Greenland has always been a * * * and regime. After the disappearance of the former Knowles colony, there has been no colonial activity in Greenland for a long time. 172 1 year, Aagaard established a trading company and Lutheran church near what is now Gothenburg with the permission of Denmark-Norway, marking the beginning of the real colonial era in Greenland. From 65438 to 0776, the Danish government monopolized the trade activities in Greenland. Since then, the coast of Greenland has been closed to the outside world until 1950. During this period, Denmark made efforts to make Greenlanders gradually adapt to the outside world to avoid economic losses after opening up. During the German occupation of Denmark (1940- 1945), Greenland was protected by the United States and returned to Denmark in 1945. After the war, Denmark responded to Greenland's protest against its rule on the island. 195 1, the trade monopoly of Royal Greenland Trading Company was cancelled. From 65438 to 0953, after Greenland became a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Denmark began to reform and improve the local economy, transportation system and education system on the island. 1979, 1 In May, Greenland gained autonomy in internal affairs.

During World War II, Greenland was entrusted by the United States and returned to Denmark after the war. 1953 Denmark amended its constitution and Greenland became a state of Denmark. Like the Faroe Islands, it has two seats in the Danish Parliament. 1979 On the fifth day, Greenland officially implemented internal autonomy, but foreign affairs, national defense and justice were still under Danish control. 1973, Greenland and Denmark joined the European economic entity together. However, as a North American island country whose economy and survival depend entirely on marine resources, it is absolutely unnecessary for Europe to manage it. 1985 On the second day, Greenland finally succeeded in leaving the European Union through a referendum.

Since the fifth decree of 1979, Greenland has established an internal self-government and, like the Faroe Islands of 1948, has become a country with a special status under the name of the Kingdom of Denmark. A basic condition of internal autonomy is that the Greenland government manages Greenland affairs by itself, and only cases related to the Kingdom of Denmark are decided by the Danish judiciary. As a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, with the transfer of power from Denmark to Greenland home rule government, the power of Danish representatives in Greenland has been greatly weakened. Nevertheless, he is still the chief representative of Denmark in Greenland, managing the internal affairs of Greenland according to law and taking charge of the elections held by Denmark in Greenland. In foreign affairs, Greenland cannot sign diplomatic relations agreements with other countries. On the other hand, as compensation, the Danish Constitution also promises that all statements related to Greenland will be submitted to the Greenland Home Rule Government.

Greenland achieved self-government on June 2, 20091. 5438+065438+June 2008+10/October, Greenland held a referendum on autonomy, which was supported by three quarters of the people. After Greenland's autonomy, the government will take over the natural gas resources management, judicial power and police power that originally belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland will have some diplomatic rights, but the Kingdom of Denmark has the final decision on Greenland's defense and foreign affairs. Greenland will become its official language.

Although Greenland is rich in natural resources, resources such as oil, natural gas, gold and diamonds are buried under the thick ice of the Arctic Circle, so it is not easy to exploit them. But American experts believe that it will be easier to exploit Greenland's natural resources when global warming makes the huge ice layer begin to melt.

The Workers' Party, a left-wing party in Greenland, won the recent Greenland Autonomous Parliament election and became the largest party in Greenland Parliament.