How to plan urban and rural development as a whole.

At the present stage, in order to coordinate urban and rural development, we must make efforts in the following aspects: First, break the dual structure of urban and rural areas. This is the key to coordinating urban and rural development at this stage. Coordinating urban and rural development under the condition of market economy objectively requires urban and rural residents to enjoy equal social rights, adopt unified economic and social policies between urban and rural areas, and make various factors of production, including labor, flow freely between urban and rural areas. However, judging from the actual situation in China, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to enable rural areas to support urban and industrial development, the policy of dual division between urban and rural areas was adopted. After the reform and opening up, although rural laborers can work in cities, it is still difficult to change the status of farmers and enjoy various welfare benefits of urban residents. Before the original dual structure dominated by urban and rural administration is far from being broken, urban and rural residents must face the same big market, compete at different starting lines and arrange their own lives, that is, form a new dual structure dominated by the market. The superposition of these two dual structures has further aggravated the gap between urban and rural areas, hindered the transfer of rural labor force to cities, and hindered urban talents from starting businesses in rural areas. Therefore, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we must break the dual household registration system in urban and rural areas as soon as possible, give farmers the same right to subsistence and development, and ensure that urban and rural residents have a fair starting point in the competition. We should also strengthen redistribution and narrow the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents according to the basic characteristics of the dual structure dominated by the market. Second, deepen the comprehensive rural reform and provide institutional guarantee for the overall planning of urban and rural development. After the agricultural tax is completely abolished, it is urgent to carry out comprehensive rural reform focusing on promoting township institutions, rural compulsory education and county and township financial system reform. In the new stage of reform, the essence of comprehensive rural reform is to adjust some links and aspects of rural production relations and superstructure that are not suitable for the development of productive forces, gradually eliminate policy obstacles that affect urban-rural communication, and gradually establish a lean and efficient rural administrative management system and operation mechanism, a public finance system covering urban and rural areas, and a long-term mechanism to increase farmers' income and reduce burdens, thus providing a strong institutional guarantee for coordinating urban and rural development. In the next few years, the comprehensive rural reform should proceed from the most prominent contradictions in rural areas, mainly solving the institutional guarantee of farmers' land use rights, establishing rural public service system and improving rural public governance. Taking this as a starting point, we will gradually form a unified economic and social system arrangement between urban and rural areas. Third, increase investment in rural public goods. China's rural infrastructure construction is relatively backward, so it is necessary to speed up the rural infrastructure construction moderately. Under the background of coordinating urban and rural development, rural basic public goods are directly related to farmers' right to subsistence and development, and to the long-term stability of rural society. Therefore, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, while providing rural infrastructure, the focus of financial support for agriculture should be on providing farmers with basic public services. In the future, new funds for education, health, culture and other undertakings should be mainly used in rural areas; The increased national capital construction funds are mainly used in rural areas; The proceeds from land expropriation and transfer by the government are mainly used in rural areas. This can effectively alleviate the widening gap between urban and rural areas, so as to explore new ways of coordinated development between urban and rural areas under the conditions of market economy. Fourth, strive to make a breakthrough in establishing a unified public service system in urban and rural areas. From a realistic point of view, the serious imbalance of urban and rural public services and the serious lack of rural public service system have become prominent problems that hinder the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and become the focus of urban-rural division. The identity discrimination of migrant workers and the difficulty in the reform of household registration system have intensified the pattern of urban-rural dual system and triggered and intensified many new social contradictions. As a direct result of the urban-rural dual system, migrant workers are not included in the scope of public services provided by the city government, and their basic needs in social security, employment, compulsory education and public health are ignored by the city. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, we should strive to achieve breakthroughs in establishing a unified public service system in urban and rural areas: First, establish a unified compulsory education system in urban and rural areas. China plans to gradually bring rural compulsory education into the scope of public finance from 2006 to 20 10. On this basis, we should further explore a long-term mechanism to fundamentally solve the problem of compulsory education in rural areas, including the compulsory education of children of migrant workers. It is also necessary to gradually unify urban and rural standards in terms of funds, school conditions and teachers. Secondly, accelerate the establishment of a new rural cooperative medical system. In 2003, the vast majority of provinces in China began to establish a new cooperative medical system pilot. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we should continue to popularize good experience and institutionalize it. The most important thing is to establish a sustainable financing mechanism, incorporate the subsidy funds of governments at all levels into the fiscal budget, and use all the new health investment of the central and local governments in rural areas within a few years. Establish an incentive mechanism for farmers' continuous "participation" and mobilize their enthusiasm for "participation". Third, the rural minimum living security system was initially established nationwide. According to the estimation of the Asian Development Bank, if the rural minimum living security system is established, China can completely solve the problem of food and clothing for nearly 30 million rural poor people with 0. 12% financial expenditure. For the five-guarantee households, the disabled, immigrants who need to move, people who have long suffered from chronic diseases and lack normal working ability or basic living conditions, not only the cost is high, but also it is difficult to solve the problem fundamentally. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China should establish a nationwide rural minimum living security management and implementation system as soon as possible. Can be responsible for the civil affairs system, mainly managed by the county government, to implement special transfer payments for the funds needed for subsistence allowances to ensure the stability of the source of funds. The central government can issue subsistence allowances to all localities according to unified standards, and all localities can adjust the local rural subsistence allowances according to local living standards. Finally, explore the establishment of an old-age security system in line with rural characteristics. At present, the population over 60 years old in China has exceeded10% of the total population; More than 70% of the country's elderly population is distributed in rural areas, and the problem of rural aging is particularly prominent. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we can explore the socialized old-age insurance system for farmers at this stage according to the principle of "low level, wide coverage and moderate guarantee".