What is the process of the replacement of world colonial hegemony, from/kloc-Portugal and Spain in the 6th century to America in the 20th century?

14th century to17th century, during the European Renaissance, various ideas were brewing and various technologies were popularized. In the early days, Portugal and Spain accumulated and learned a lot of navigation techniques from Venetians, and technological changes brought about social changes. At the same time, due to their own needs, after seeing the huge profits brought by Venetian merchants selling goods, they urgently need an air route to the East. When technology accumulation can realize their ambitions, they began to explore sailing. Later, they gradually learned about the world and established their own colonies around the world. With the change of time, internal contradictions, religious disputes and shortsightedness, Portugal and Spain gradually declined, and Britain gained great advantages in the industrial revolution and began to catch up. For a long time, countries such as Britain and France have established huge colonial empires around the world. Do you still remember the title of Empire? No, it means Britain. With the discovery of navigation, there has been a huge wave of immigrants in Europe. Since then, on the American continent, due to the long-standing problems of interest distribution and tax burden between the British and the descendants of immigrants, these dissatisfaction gradually accumulated to a certain extent and broke out. So America was born. At the beginning, there were only 13 states in the United States. They encouraged the western development, bought land from other colonists at low prices, and constantly expanded themselves. Coupled with their keeping up with the times, constantly learning technology, introducing talents and developing themselves, the United States gradually has a faint trend of catching up with Britain. Moreover, at this time, Europe was gradually involved in various changes and wars. The United States was very smart, kept a low profile and did not easily participate in repeated changes in Europe. Well, that's it. America is slowly catching up.