College entrance examination immigrants

College entrance examination immigrants are a unique immigrant group in Chinese mainland. Its appearance is related to the regional differences of college entrance examination in China and the household registration system. With the loosening of the household registration system, this phenomenon began to appear in the1990s, and high school immigration is a helpless move in the current situation that the proportion of college entrance examinations varies greatly from place to place. Its essence is to buy scores with money.

It challenges the regional unfairness of the college entrance examination, but it also intensifies the class inequality of education.

Create background

From 65438 to 0977, Chinese mainland resumed the college entrance examination system. Due to the relative shortage of educational resources, the phenomenon of "a thousand troops fighting for a single-plank bridge" has intensified. Due to the unbalanced economic development of provinces and cities in Chinese mainland, the quality of education varies from place to place. Therefore, although the national unified proposition is adopted in the college entrance examination in China (individual areas have been implementing separate propositions, and this trend has expanded in recent years), the unified score is not adopted. More importantly, it does not stipulate a unified national enrollment quota, but implements a unified enrollment policy for the whole province. The consequences of this policy can be divided into two types:

Advantages of key cities-Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other big cities have great advantages in enrollment quotas. For example, Tsinghua University's enrollment in Beijing has exceeded the sum of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Sichuan provinces for many years. The total population of these four provinces is more than 20 times that of Beijing. Because municipalities directly under the central government have relative advantages in secondary education resources, national key universities are inclined to the enrollment policies of these two places, and students in these areas are more likely to enter famous institutions of higher learning. In 2005, the national college entrance examination enrolled a total of 8.67 million students, an increase of 6.5438+0.44 million over last year, and the estimated admission rate is 55%. However, the admission rates in Beijing, Tianjin and Hainan are expected to exceed 70%, and only 44% in Guangxi and Guizhou, far below the national average. Window of the South reported the advantages of remote areas-Hainan Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which lack secondary education resources, also have relatively high preferential enrollment places in special zones and ethnic areas; Although there are not many places to enroll students in other remote areas, compared with the local population, the admission rate of college entrance examination in these areas is much higher than that in the populous provinces in the mainland. And because of the low level of middle school education in these areas, the scores of local candidates are generally low, so students from moderately developed provinces have a comparative advantage in the college entrance examination, which is more likely to lead to pure college entrance examination immigrants.

Immigration pattern

In view of the above two different regional characteristics, Chinese candidates have adopted different immigration strategies, which can be summarized as "college entrance examination immigration" and "high school immigration". The purpose of both of them is to participate in the college entrance examination with low admission scores and increase the possibility of being admitted to a good school. Immigrants mostly come from mainland provinces with large populations, such as Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei.

College entrance examination immigrants-the characteristics of college entrance examination immigrants are "going west to south", and senior three students from central provinces flow to Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu and Hainan. This kind of immigration is an individual behavior, and policies have been introduced in various places to prohibit it. College entrance examination immigrants mostly occur in senior three. Students move their registered permanent residence into the inflow place by visiting relatives and friends, and formally become local candidates. Then, by virtue of the higher test scores in the place of birth, they gain an advantage over local students. High school immigrants-this kind of immigrants is characterized by "grabbing the east", usually senior one students or junior high school students with other identities enter high schools in Tianjin and Shanghai (because Beijing's hukou policy is very strict, it is difficult to flow in). This kind of immigration has a certain legal color, and the education authorities in Tianjin and Shanghai have successively issued policies to allow local high schools to recruit students from other provinces and cities, giving high school immigrants a reasonable reason for existence. When high school immigrants pass the middle school entrance examination, they usually need to pay a large loan fee, apply for a temporary residence permit first, attend senior high schools in municipalities directly under the central government and take the college entrance examination. According to the statistics of the Education Department of Hainan Province, except Beijing, Shanghai and Tibet, other provinces (cities and districts) in China are emigrating to Hainan Province, especially Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang and Shandong. More than 9,600 candidates from the above nine provinces came to Hainan Province to take the college entrance examination this year, including more than 3,500 in Henan Province, more than 0.5 million in Hubei Province, more than 0.00 in Jiangxi Province, and more than 10,000 in Hunan Province. In other words, one out of every five Hainan candidates is a "college entrance examination immigrant".

news

On June 24, 2005, the results of the college entrance examination in Hainan Province were announced, but there was no report about the top students in science (in 2002, the top students in liberal arts in Hainan Province were immigrants from Hunan, which also happened). On July 14, Wang Suying, spokesperson of Hainan Provincial Examinations Bureau, confirmed that 28 Haikou Haitian School candidates, including Yang Li, were disqualified from applying for the first batch of undergraduate courses. Yang Li, a native of Xiantao, Hubei Province, ranked first in the science college entrance examination in Hainan Province with 897 points this year. Because I have been studying in Hainan senior high school for less than two years (only one month), I have violated the Interim Provisions on the Admission Conditions of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in Hainan Province, and I do not meet the conditions for entering the first batch of undergraduate colleges and universities. With the occurrence of this incident, the phenomenon of college entrance examination immigration has once again become a hot topic of concern and discussion.

Evaluation by all parties.

In essence, college entrance examination immigrants reflect the differences in economic and educational levels in different regions of Chinese mainland, and at the same time, they are also an adaptive strategy for the country to implement discriminatory regional differential treatment. On the one hand, the families of students who can apply for college entrance examination immigrants often have certain economic strength, and the schools in the inflow areas also increase their financial income by recruiting college entrance examination immigrants. On the other hand, the original policy of caring for students in economically backward areas has lost its function to a certain extent, and the inequality caused by the differences in secondary education is further expanding. Therefore, while criticizing the college entrance examination immigrants, many people also began to reflect and criticize the background of the policy of "cross-provincial enrollment in college entrance examination".

At present, all provinces have adopted more and more strict enrollment policies for college entrance examination immigrants. This often leads to the disqualification of immigrant students from applying for key institutions.