A brief introduction to the development history of the Netherlands

I will give you a brief introduction of the development history of the Netherlands, hoping to help students studying abroad. Want to know more about the wonderful content of studying abroad, and give you detailed answers.

? The Netherlands, also known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is located in the northwest of Europe and is the starting point of the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge in Europe. Located at east longitude 3? 2 1' to 7? 13', latitude 50? 45 feet to 53 feet? Between 52 feet. The Netherlands is world famous? Lowlands? (Low-lying country). The total land area is 465,438+0,864 square kilometers, bordering Germany and Belgium. As a member of the European Union, it is also a member of international organizations such as NATO, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. In 20 14, there were 12 provinces and 443 towns in the Netherlands. In 20 13, the population is 16803700(20 13) and the population density is 407.5 persons /km2. The capital of the Netherlands is located in Amsterdam, but its central government, the king's residence, all government agencies and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague.

The total GDP of the Netherlands in 20 13 years was $799.973 billion. 20 1 1 * * 12 entry of Dutch enterprises? Fortune 500? . The agricultural output value of the Netherlands accounts for 2% of GDP. In the agricultural composition, animal husbandry accounts for 50%, horticulture accounts for 38%, and planting accounts for 12%. In 2005, Dutch agricultural products and food exports reached a record of $78.93 billion.

The Netherlands is famous for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and tolerant social atmosphere, and its laws on drugs, sex trade and abortion are the freest in the world. The Netherlands is the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia.

history

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In ancient Rome, the area south of the Rhine first belonged to? Belgian Gaul? Save and return? German provinces. There are many Germanic tribes living in the north and Gauls living in the south. These Gauls also merged with many Germanic tribes during the immigration period. Among them, Salien Franks moved to Gaul from here and established a powerful Morovian dynasty in the fifth century.

In the Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, because of the complicated royal marriage, they were unified under the Habsburg dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire.

/kloc-officially became a country in 0/463, and/kloc-was in a feudal regime for a long time before 0/6th century.

65438+was ruled by Spain at the beginning of the 6th century.

1556 emperor Karl v (15 19? 1556) abdicated, gave Spain and the lowlands (called the Northern Province) to his son Philip II, and gave other areas such as Austria and Habsburg Orthodox Church to his younger brother Ferdinand I, so that the Northern Province belonged to the Kingdom of Spain.

1568, the northern province fought against the centralization of the Spanish king and persecuted Protestant Calvinists, and an anti-Spanish war broke out for 80 years.

1579, seven northern provinces (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg) set up Utrecht League to oppose Spanish rule. This is considered to be the beginning of modern Holland.

158 1 On July 26th, 2008, representatives of various uprising cities in the Netherlands solemnly announced in The Hague that the Spanish king's rule over the Dutch provinces was abolished, the Union officially declared independence, and the Netherlands * * * Republic was established (officially called the United Republic of the Netherlands * * Republic). The war continued until 1648, when King Philip IV of Spain signed the Treaty of Mü nster, recognizing the unification of seven lowlands and seven provinces of the Netherlands with the Republic.

1588, seven provinces joined forces and announced the establishment of the Dutch Union Province * * * and the Republic. This is an unprecedented country in human history. Many historians say it was the first one in the world? A country that gives full political rights to businessmen? .

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After gaining independence from Spain, the Netherlands developed into a maritime and trade power in the 7th century. The number of merchant ships in the Netherlands exceeds the total number of merchant ships in all European countries and is known as? Coachman at sea. The Netherlands has established colonies and trade strongholds all over the world. This period is called in Holland? Golden age? .

1602, under the leadership of * * * and National Assembly Speaker Oden Barnvelt, the Dutch and East India Company was established.

Spain officially recognized the independence of the Netherlands in 1648, and the Netherlands reached the peak of commercial prosperity. In17th century, it became a maritime colonial power and the largest colonial country in the world after Spain.

1656, the Dutch delegation arrived in Beijing.

By the middle of17th century, the global commercial hegemony of Holland, Holland and China had been firmly established. At this time, the Dutch East India Company has 65,438+05,000 branches, accounting for half of the total world trade. More than 65,438+00,000 merchant ships flying the Dutch tricolor flag cruised on the five oceans of the world: at that time, there were 20,000 ships in the world and 654,380+0.5 million in the Netherlands. More than Britain, France and Germany combined.

1In September, 688, a huge fleet set sail from Amsterdam Port. These ships carried William III, the supreme consul of the Netherlands, and 20,000 Dutch soldiers. William III came here at the invitation of the British Parliament to protect British citizens? Religious freedom and property? .

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/kloc-In the late 7th century, the Netherlands went to war with Britain and France, lost to Britain at sea (the Anglo-Dutch War) and lost to France on land (the Franco-Dutch War), and went into decline.

1795 Holland was occupied by France.

/kloc-After the 0/8th century, the Dutch colonial system gradually disintegrated.

1806 Napoleon's brother became king and Holland became a kingdom.

18 10 was incorporated into France.

18 14 seceded from France, and the Netherlands established the Kingdom of the Netherlands with Belgium and Luxembourg the following year (Belgium seceded from the Netherlands on 1830).

1848 became a constitutional monarchy. Remained neutral during the First World War. Declared neutrality at the beginning of World War II.

1940 was occupied by the Germans in May, and the royal family and government moved to Britain to establish a government in exile.

Post-war period

1945 regained its independence, abandoned its neutrality policy after the war and joined NATO, the European Union and later the European Union.

1954 12 15. The Netherlands has adopted the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (HetStatuut), which makes the former colonies and dependencies of the Netherlands enjoy the same status in the kingdom as the Netherlands. From then on, the Kingdom of the Netherlands specifically refers to the kingdom of the Netherlands and its former colonies, and? Holland? It refers to the Netherlands in continental Europe. At present, the Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of three parts, namely, the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.