How long is the history of America?

The full name of the United States is the United States of America, and the main part of the country is located in the center of North America. It covers an area of 9.372 million square kilometers, accounting for 1/20 of the world's total land area, ranking fourth in the world. It consists of 48 local states, one directly under its jurisdiction (District of Columbia) and two states, Alaska and Hawaii. The population is 239.3 million (1985), including white18.82 million, black/28.5 million and Spanish1760,000 (60% of them are Mexicans). There are 3.6 million ethnic groups and 6.5438+0.4 million Indians in the Asia-Pacific region. The religious beliefs are mainly Protestant sects and Catholics, with 78.7 million Protestants, 52.28 million Catholics, 4.05 million Jews and 7 1.4 million other Christians. General English. Washington D.C.

With the establishment of British colonies in North America, the aborigines in North America were Indians. 16-18th century, North America became an area where western European countries competed for colonization in primitive accumulation of capital. In North America, the French established a new France (including the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi River basin downstream of the St. Lawrence River basin); The Spanish established the new Spain (including Mexico and a large area in the southwestern United States).

From 1607 to 1733, Britain established 13 colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Most of the people who arrived in the colonies were poor working people in western Europe, but there were also nobles, landlords and bourgeoisie, among which the British, Irish, Germans and Dutch were the most. Among the immigrants, there are people who escape from war and religious persecution, voluntary and involuntary "contract slaves", beggars and criminals; Black people were also trafficked from Africa to the United States (see British North American colonies). 1607, Britain established 1 colonial stronghold-Jamestown. 1620, a group of Puritans arrived in North America by may flower and established Plymouth Colony.

In the North American War of Independence, Britain adopted a policy of exploitation and repression against the North American colonies. The seven-year war between Britain and France for maritime hegemony and plundering colonies ended in British victory. Britain took over Canada in North America and controlled New France east of the Mississippi River. Before the Seven Years' War, although Britain promulgated a series of mercantilist navigation laws, trade laws and industrial laws that restricted the independent economic development of the North American colonies, the contradiction between Britain and France at that time was greater than that between Britain and the colonies, and Britain had to use the manpower and material resources of the North American colonies to resist France, so it was not effectively implemented. Merchants in the northern colonies made huge profits through smuggling trade with the West Indies belonging to the West and France, which promoted the industrial and commercial development of the northern colonies. After the Seven Years' War, Britain strengthened its control over the North American colonies in an all-round way, declaring the west of the Appalachian Mountains as a royal manor, and forbidding colonial people to get their hands on it. It also imposed heavy taxes, severely suppressed smuggling and restricted the economic activities of colonial people. From 65438 to the mid-1960s, Britain promulgated the Sugar Tax Law, Stamp Tax Law (see Stamp Tax Law), Townsend Tax Law and other laws, which seriously harmed the economic interests of people of all walks of life in the colonies. Since 16 19 Virginia established parliament, the colonies have successively established parliaments to compete with Britain. 1765, nine colonies held protests against stamp duty, which set off a wave of anger.

18 In the 1970s, Britain further implemented the high-pressure policy, and 1770 witnessed the Boston Massacre. The tea tax law was passed on 1773, which caused the Boston tea party. 1774 promulgated five intolerable laws, such as closing Boston harbor, sending more British troops, revoking Massachusetts autonomy and establishing British judicial power over colonies, which intensified the control and repression of colonies politically and militarily. From 1772 to 1774, communication committees were generally established in the colonies to lead the colonial people's anti-British struggle. American history 1 On September 5, 774, representatives of all colonies except Georgia held a1continental conference in Philadelphia, and adopted a resolution to sever all trade relations with Britain, then adopted the Declaration on Colonial Rights and Hatred, and submitted a petition to the king of England. On April 1775 and 18, colonial patriots fired their guns in Lexington and Concord near Boston, which opened the prelude to the North American War of Independence. In May, the second continental congress was held. In July of the following year, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring that 13 colonies were independent from Britain.

At the beginning of the North American War of Independence, the war lasted for eight years because of the disparity in strength between the two sides. By June 178 1, the United States and France had captured Yorktown, the last stronghold of the British army, and the War of Independence was basically over. 1783 Britain and the United States signed the Paris Peace Treaty. The North American War of Independence was the first 1 large-scale national liberation and colonial war in the world history. This is a bourgeois democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie and planters. During the War of Independence, a number of outstanding politicians emerged, such as G Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, B Franklin, drafter of the Declaration of Independence, and T Paine, a cultural warrior.

During the war, the Continental Congress formulated the Confederacy Regulations, and1781~178713 states formed the Confederacy Congress, announcing the establishment of the United States, which was a loose interstate alliance. 1784 "Queen China" came to China for trade. 1786 The Xiasi Uprising shocked the bourgeoisie and slave owners. They are determined to strengthen the central government and protect the economic interests of property owners. 1787, the Constitutional Convention was held in secret in Philadelphia. During the meeting, representatives of big states and small states argued and agreed that each state should elect two senators. On the issue of slavery, the northern bourgeoisie also made a major compromise with the slave owners of southern plantations, acquiesced in the existence of slavery, and counted southern slaves as 3/5 of the population in terms of taxation and seat allocation in the House of Representatives, and finally formulated the draft constitution. This is the written constitution of 1 in the world. 1788 was approved by nine countries in June.

According to the Constitution, the United States has established a federal state in which legislative, executive and judicial powers are separated and balanced. The broad masses of people were dissatisfied with the lack of any bill of rights in the Constitution, and started a protest movement, which led to the addition of the 65,438+00 amendment to the Constitution, which took effect after being approved by 65,438+07,965,438+0 states in February. Among them, it is called the "Bill of Rights" (see US Constitution 1787).

The federal government was established in 1789. In April, Washington became the first president of the United States. 1792 re-elected. 1789 ~ 179 1 During the political struggle with different policies at home and abroad, Finance Minister A. Hamilton organized the Federalist Party, advocated centralization, was pro-British in diplomacy, and controlled the power of the federal government. Secretary of State T Jefferson advocated safeguarding the democratic rights of the domestic people, sympathizing with the French Revolution, and organizing democracy and the Party. 1793, European powers jointly intervened in the French Revolution, and Washington adopted a neutral policy. 1794, 1 1 In June, the federal government and Britain signed the Jay Treaty, which undermined the sovereignty of the United States. Pro-British and pro-French have become the dividing line between the federal party and democracy and the party in foreign policy. In internal affairs, the federal government formulated tariff regulations, established banks and stabilized the economy. However, the method of returning national debt to national debt is implemented, which is not conducive to the poor and imposes domestic taxes. When farmers in West Pennsylvania objected to paying domestic wine tax, Hamilton personally led troops to suppress it. 1798, the government of Federalist J. Adams promulgated four decrees to destroy people's democratic rights, among which the Hakka Law was enacted to expel French and Irish nationals, and the Law of Repression and Incitement stipulated that the President or Congress should be punished for "deliberately slandering" or "contemptuously slandering" the government with words and expressions. These measures aroused people's indignation. As a result, the reputation of the Federalist Party declined.

180 1 year, the democratic party and T. Jefferson were presidents. The Jefferson government abolished the above four laws, cut expenses, reduced taxes, abolished the wine tax and encouraged the export of agricultural products. 1803, Louisiana with an area of over 2 million square kilometers was purchased from France. Britain has always been reluctant to lose its North American colonies. British ships continue to intercept American ships on the high seas and forcibly requisition American sailors. In order to maintain freedom of navigation, the United States launched the second war against Britain from 18 12 to 18 14 (see Anglo-American War (18 12)). In addition to naval battles, the advantage lies in the British army. 1865438+In August 2004, British troops captured the capital, Washington, and burned the presidential palace and the National Assembly. 18 14 12, Britain and the United States signed a peace treaty in Ghent, Belgium. This war made the United States get rid of British political control and economic infiltration and become a completely independent national sovereign country.

The difference of economic development between the North and the South before the American Civil War From the beginning of the19th century to before the Civil War, the territory of the United States expanded from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. The American economy has undergone remarkable changes. Mainly manifested in the different directions of economic development between North and South. On the basis of cheating fur trade, land plunder, slave trade and land speculation in the west for a long time, the bourgeoisie in the north of the United States took advantage of the war between European countries to develop maritime trade, expand the shipping industry and carry out a large number of primitive accumulation of capital. In the north, as early as 1790, Rhode Island established the 1 cotton mill using the Akelet spinning machine. Since then, other factories have appeared one after another. Since the19th century, a large amount of capital has been invested in industry and commerce, and capitalist industrial production has developed. While vigorously introducing science and technology from western Europe, we encourage creativity and invention. In the 1950s, industrialization advanced rapidly. From 65438 to 0860, American industrial production ranked fourth in the world. Two-thirds of the finished products are produced in the northeast. A large number of immigrants from western Europe poured in and migrated to the west, which provided free employment labor for the development of capitalist economy. In the south, the cotton plantation economy based on slave labor has been expanding. From the Atlantic coastal States to Texas, slavery has developed into a cancer on the body of capitalism. In the newly developed areas in the west, whether to implement free labor system or slavery has become the theme of national political struggle. 1820, the north made concessions to the south, reached a compromise in Missouri, and the dispute between the two sides temporarily subsided.

Diplomacy and Politics before the American Civil War 1823 American President J. Monroe issued the Monroe Declaration (see Monroe Doctrine). Opposing European powers' interference in Western Hemisphere affairs provides a basis for the United States to infiltrate and interfere in Latin America in the future. From 65438 to 0844, the United States forced the Qing government in China to sign the unequal Wang Xia Treaty. From 1846 to 1848, the United States launched a war against Mexico and incorporated Texas, New Mexico and California into the territory of the United States (see color map). 185 1 ~ 1864, participated in suppressing the revolutionary movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China and coerced the Japanese army to open its doors. In the political aspect of American history, the Federalist Party held the Hartford Conference at the end of the American-British War in 18 14, in an attempt to split the Federation, but it failed and collapsed. The decline of the Federalist Party marks the beginning of the transformation from commercial capital to industrial capital. From 18 16 to 1824, the United States entered a period of democratic one-party rule representing the interests of the northern bourgeoisie and the southern slave owners, commonly known as the "harmonious period." In the future, democracy and party split, and political forces regrouped. 1828, the democratic party of the United States, representing some bourgeoisie and planters, farmers in the western frontier and workers in coastal cities, was established, and A. Jackson was elected as the presidential candidate. Jackson was elected and re-elected as president until March 1837. The Whig Party of the United States was founded in 1834, representing the interests of industrialists and businessmen and some planters. Jackson's government drove the Indians to the west of the Mississippi River by deception and force, and stopped the separatist crisis caused by the high tariff law in South Carolina. The Jackson government abolished the law that the poor were imprisoned for debts, popularized the universal suffrage of white men, and carried out some democratic reforms, commonly known as "Jackson democracy." The workers' struggle for a ten-hour working day is very active. Workers with professional skills in new york, Philadelphia and other cities organized workers' political parties to participate in local elections. From 1828 to 1856, the Democratic Party and the Whig Party became two major political parties. The Whig Party won two presidential elections, 1840 and 1848, and the Democratic Party won all other presidential elections.

With the intensification of the struggle between the two different social and economic systems in the North and the South and the rising slave resistance, the large-scale abolitionist movement in the United States has been widely carried out. 1840, the "liberal party" advocating the abolition of slavery was established. From 65438 to 0848, abolitionists and anti-slavery elements in the Democratic Party and Whig Party organized the Free Soil Party, aiming at establishing a free state in the western region. 1850, after a dispute, the two sides reached a compromise in 1850. In the same year, Congress passed a strict law on the pursuit of fugitive slaves (see 1850 compromise). 1854, Congress passed the kansas-nebraska act, abolishing the geographical boundary between slave-holding states and free states, and the Missouri compromise case was abolished, which was strongly opposed by the northern industrial bourgeoisie. 1854 * * * The Peace Party was founded with the aim of opposing slavery. 1856, democratic party J. Buchanan was elected president; At this time, in fact, the Democratic Party has become a political party representing the interests of slave owners. 1857, the Supreme Court made Scott's judgment, the legal meaning of which is to push the scale of slavery to the whole country. The anti-slavery armed uprising led by J Brown was suppressed in 1859 (see John Brown Uprising). In the 1860 presidential election, * * * and the party candidate A. Lincoln won. The southern slave owners' group, which had been plotting rebellion for a long time, decided to leave the alliance, and in February of 186 1, another southern alliance was established, announcing the maintenance of slavery.

American Civil War and Reconstruction Period1861April, the Confederacy declared war and occupied Fort Sumter, and the American Civil War broke out.

1862 In May, Lincoln promulgated the Homestead Law, which allowed farmers who had cultivated land in the west for five years to obtain the right to use 160 acres of land after paying the certificate fee of 10. Farmers who cultivated in the west sided with abolitionists and isolated the Confederacy. 1 863 65438+1October1day, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation came into effect, and all black slaves in rebel states were regarded as free men and allowed to join the army. In a short time, 186000 blacks joined the federal army. American Marxists and workers took an active part in the actions of the federal army. Wedemayer, a comrade-in-arms of K. Marx and F. Engles, moved to Missouri and other places, and made contributions to the defense of frontier states. The struggle of European workers, especially British workers, against their own government's armed intervention in the federal government is conducive to the military victory of the Federation. 1864, the federal army occupied Atlanta, Georgia, split the Confederacy in two and won a decisive victory. 1on April 9, 865, general Li, commander-in-chief of the confederate army, surrendered. The civil war ended with the victory of the union. 14 April, Lincoln was assassinated, the next day. Vice President Johnson succeeded him as president. Johnson adopted a compromise policy towards the southern planters. 1865165438+10 In October, Mississippi promulgated the "Black Code" for the first time to brutally persecute blacks. The terrorist organization Klan was founded in 1866, and published privately for newly freed blacks. In this chaotic situation, * * and the Congress dominated by party radicals put forward a bill to impeach the president (which was not passed due to the lack of 1 vote), and passed the amendments to Articles 1865, 1868 and 1870 of the Constitution (declaring that slavery no longer exists in the United States) and/respectively. 1867 In March, the National Assembly passed a bill to rebuild the south and imposed martial law on the south. 1867- 1877, Rebuilding democracy in the south, establishing political power jointly ruled by blacks and whites in each state, and enacting laws for democratic progress. 14 blacks were elected to the House of Representatives and two blacks were elected to the Senate. The conservative forces of the northern bourgeoisie tried to compromise with the plantation owners in the south and restore the old order in the early post-war period in the south in order to fully deal with the rising workers and peasants movement in China. The inauguration of R.B. Hayes as president marked the end of democratic reconstruction. 1877, black people became tenants in the grain sharing system economically, but they were still in a powerless position politically (see reconstruction period). American history American history 65438+ After the Civil War, the rapid development of American economy, due to the abolition of the southern plantation system, created conditions for the great development of capitalism in the whole country; The rapid development of shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing, the completion of four transcontinental railways (see color map), the reclamation of large areas of land in the west and the disappearance of frontiers have promoted the formation and expansion of the domestic unified market. In the process of developing the midwest, the far west and the south, all regions have developed industries with local characteristics. The influx of foreign immigrants provided abundant labor force, which enabled North America to carry out agricultural production on a large scale. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, agricultural mechanization developed rapidly. From 1860 to 19 16, the cultivated land area increased from 407 million mu to 879 million mu, and the improved land area expanded more than three times. The output of wheat and corn has increased by about three times. In the northern part of the industry, intensive farming is increasingly used in agriculture, while in other areas dominated by agriculture, the number of large farms is gradually increasing. In 1900, half of the total agricultural products in the United States were produced by large farmers in16, forming the development path of American-style agricultural capitalism. American history/KLOC-In the second half of the 9th century, there were important inventions and breakthroughs in the field of science and technology, among which the application of electricity was the first. 1876, A.G. Bell invented the telephone; 1886, T.A. Edison made the electric light; 1892, the Duria brothers successfully trial-produced the car; 1903, the Wright brothers successfully trial-produced the plane and sailed. The wide application of electric power in industry has led to the all-round development of American capitalist economy. In 1880, the proportion of American industry in the national GDP exceeded that of agriculture, and the total industrial output value jumped from the fourth place in the world in 1860 to the first place in 1894. The United States has become a highly developed capitalist country.

/kloc-the struggle of the American people at the end of 0/9 With the accumulation of production and the concentration of capital, the social structure of the United States has undergone tremendous changes, the urban population has increased rapidly, and the bourgeoisie and the proletariat have become two opposing classes. The organization and militancy of the industrial proletariat have been greatly enhanced. After the Civil War, two major workers' organizations, the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor, were established one after another, both aiming at striving for an eight-hour working day. The national trade union also put forward the progressive slogan of "equal pay for equal work"; Originally a secret organization, the Knights of Labor was made public in 188 1, which became the first organization of native American workers and attracted unskilled workers, women, small business owners and farmers to participate. 1884, organized trade unions and labor unions in the United States and Canada (the predecessor of the AFL) were established, and in May 1886, a historic resolution was made to realize the eight-hour working system. The rapid development of capitalist production has further aggravated the contradiction between labor and capital (see American Labor Organization). 1 In July, 877, railway workers in West Virginia and Pennsylvania held a general strike, which immediately spread to all important railway lines in the country, resulting in the first1large-scale national strike in American history. On March, 350,000 workers demonstrated for the eight-hour working system. On the evening of May 3, the Chicago tragedy happened. Therefore, at the second international Paris conference in 1889, a resolution was adopted to designate May 1 as International Labor Day. 1892, Carnegie Steel Company reduced wages, which triggered a strike of steel workers in Homstead. 1894 veteran J. Cox led the unemployed army into Washington. In July, due to Pullman's refusal of workers' reasonable demands, the workers went on strike and the Midwest Railway was paralyzed. The above strikes and "marches" were suppressed.

19 At the end of the 20th century, most of the new immigrants who poured into the United States came from southeast European countries. They either work in cities or are unskilled workers in emerging basic industries. Despite this major change in the structure of workers, the AFL still insists on organizing only skilled workers' unions and implementing a compromise policy with business owners, ignoring the interests of unorganized workers and blacks. 1905 established a new left-wing trade union, the World Federation of Industrial Workers, and organized unskilled workers, migrant workers in the west and new migrant workers in the east, including women, blacks and China workers. The alliance has a strong fighting capacity and has led many strikes for higher wages and better treatment. It disintegrated in the early 1920s due to constant repression and the influence of anarchist unionism.

/kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, although American agriculture has made great progress, most farmers are in trouble because of the price scissors of industrial and agricultural products and the agricultural crisis. Since the end of 1960s, American farmers have successively launched the movement of farmers' association, the movement of green-backed banknotes and the movement of farmers' union, and waged a struggle against the exploitation of monopoly organizations and the oppression of middlemen. From 65438 to 0892, the civilian party, the third national party with farmers in the central and western regions as the backbone, demanded economic and political reforms and participated in the presidential election. 1896, the populist party and the democratic party jointly participated in the presidential election, and their platforms were partially absorbed by the democratic party. By 1900, the populist party disintegrated.

The progressives in the urban middle class exposed a lot of disadvantages in American society at that time, and set off a reform movement, which played a certain role in promoting American democratization.

1909 In March, women workers in Chicago, USA held a strike demonstration of equal pay for equal work, which won the support and response of women all over the country and the world. The following year, the International Women's Congress decided to designate March 8 as International Women's Day. In the United States, it was extended to 1920. At that time, Congress passed the amendment to Article 19 of the Constitution, giving women the right to vote.

After the 1970s, blacks suffered oppression and racial discrimination. From 1888 to 1900, the average number of lynchings per year is 156. 1905, W. E. B. du bois, a famous black scholar and activist, led the Niagara Movement and protested, which became the starting point of the modern black liberation movement.

1887, the American government abolished the public ownership of Indian land, 1924, and granted American citizenship to Indians.

The United States once recruited Chinese workers at low prices to build transcontinental railways in the west. South China University of Technology has gone through hardships and made great contributions to the development of the western region. However, after the development work was basically completed, atrocities against China kept happening. 1902, after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese workers were basically banned from entering the country (see American Exclusion Movement (1end of the 9th century)).

/kloc-In the second half of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the American socialist movement represented advanced scientific socialism in line with the interests of the proletariat, which had spread in the United States before the Civil War. After the Civil War, with the development of production, the basic contradiction of American capitalism deepened and economic crises kept happening. 1873, 1883, 1893 During the periodic crisis, social wealth became increasingly polarized and class contradictions became prominent. 1867, Marxists established the first international American branch in new york. From 1872 to 1876, the first International General Committee was established in new york, with F.A. Zog, a comrade-in-arms of Marx and Engels, as the general secretary. 1876, the American workers' party was founded. Within it, Marxists launched a struggle against Lhasa. 1877, the American Workers' Party was reorganized into a socialist labor party, led by Lassard and F. In the 1990s, D. Delean emphasized the need to win a majority of seats in the ballot box and get rid of the workers. The outstanding socialist E.V. Debs founded the American Social Democratic Party in 1898 and reorganized it into the American Socialist Party in 190 1. 19 12 The number of American Marxists is very small, and it has never been possible to form a strong revolutionary workers' party and give correct leadership to the booming workers' and peasants' movement at that time.

The domestic and foreign policies of the United States before World War I The United States was a later capitalist country. By the end of 19, it had caught up with other imperialist countries in dividing up the world, plundering colonies and spheres of influence. From 65438 to 0889, the United States held the Pan-American Conference and infiltrated into Latin America. 1898 launched the Spanish-American War, defeated the veteran colonialist Spain (see color map), seized Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, Guam and the Philippine Islands in the Pacific, and then merged the Hawaiian Islands. During the administrations of T. Roosevelt and W. H. Taft, the United States used the "big stick policy" and "dollar diplomacy" alternately. Under the cover of Monroe Declaration, it infiltrated the Caribbean and established political and financial control. 1903, the United States instigated a coup in Panama and seized the Panama Canal Zone. In the Far East, 1899, the United States put forward an "open door" policy towards China, recognized the sphere of influence of the great powers in China, and used its own economic advantages to expand trade. From 65438 to 0900, the United States participated in Eight-Nation Alliance, violated China's territorial sovereignty, and gained garrison privileges in Beijing and other places. The United States supported Japan in the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905. After the Russo-Japanese War, the conflict between the United States and Japan intensified due to the competition for the northeast market of China. After negotiations, the two sides signed the Roto-Gaoping Agreement at 1908, and both sides agreed to safeguard the vested interests of the two countries in the Pacific Ocean. After the Revolution of 1911 in China, the United States actively infiltrated into China. In American history, in the presidential election of 19 12, Democratic presidential candidate T.W. Wilson came to power because of * * * and party split. Wilson believes that "new freedom" is a call for reform. In the internal affairs, he reduced tariffs, established a federal reserve bank system, and collected progressive income tax through Clayton Anti-monopoly Law (19 14) (see Anti-monopoly Law). In foreign policy, he intervened in Mexico, Nicaragua and other countries in the Western Hemisphere under the guise of the Monroe Declaration.

The United States from World War I to the end of the 1920s.

After the first world war, the United States declared neutrality, provided arms to the warring parties, and soon provided loans to its allies. 19 16, Wilson catered to the voters' opposition to American involvement in the war, won the vote and was re-elected. 19 17. On April 6th, after a German submarine sank an American ship, the United States declared war on Germany to ensure its economic interests in its allies.

After the United States entered the war, in 19 17, the Wilson administration implemented the Spy Punishment Law and the Incitement Suppression Law, suppressed the socialist leftists, aggressive members of the World Federation of Industrial Workers and anti-war activists, and arrested more than 1500 people. 19 19 suppressed workers' strikes many times. During World War II, due to the interruption of immigration in the United States, a large number of blacks moved northward, supplementing the much-needed labor force in the north, and blacks joined the army to fight abroad, which also broadened their horizons. During Wilson's administration, 425 blacks were lynched. After the war, the struggle against lynching and racial discrimination among blacks became increasingly fierce.

19 17, the United States and Japan signed the Lansing-Ishii Agreement, and the United States recognized Japan's special interests in China, Shandong, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. 19 18 years, the United States participated in the armed intervention of Soviet Russia 14 countries, and did not withdraw its troops until 1920 (see Soviet-Russian civil war). 19181kloc-0/In June, Wilson signed an armistice agreement with Germany. World War I promoted American economic prosperity. After the war, the United States borrowed $654.38 billion from debtor countries with debts of $6 billion to become creditor countries, and the United States became the richest country. The war developed general monopoly capital into state monopoly capital. In February of the same year, 65438+, Wilson personally led a delegation to Europe to attend the Paris Peace Conference, and suggested that Wilson's 14 plan be used as the basis for concluding a peace treaty. At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson acquiesced in Japan's taking advantage of the European War to seize the rights and interests occupied by the former German in Shandong, China, and carried out behind-the-scenes activities to prepare to recognize Japan's "Article 21" of monopolizing China. The people of China launched the anti-imperialist May 4th Movement, forcing the representative of China to refuse to sign the peace treaty. Wilson tried to dominate the world by establishing an international alliance. The emerging midwest consortium in the United States advocates that the United States should focus on expanding into the Asia-Pacific region and avoid being involved in European disputes. Therefore, the Senate controlled by the party made 14 reservations to the Covenant of the League of Nations, which was actually a boycott of the Covenant of the League of Nations. The United States did not join the League of Nations. After the founding of the League of Nations, the leadership was in the hands of Britain and France.

192 1 year * * and W.G. Harding came to power, which coincided with the overall depression of the American economy. He put forward "industrial normalization" and "saving capitalism"; The domestic anti-* * policy persecuted progressives, and the American * * * production party founded by19 was forced to go underground. In order to compete for hegemony in the Far East and the Pacific, from 192 1 to 1922, the United States held the Washington Conference, dismantled anglo-japanese alliance, won the right to build the capital ship with the same tonnage as Britain, and concluded the nine-nation convention under the banner of "open door" and "equal opportunity", which led to the imperialist powers jointly controlling China. In terms of European policy, 1924, the United States formulated the Dawes plan to lend money to Germany to restore its economy.