Why is the temperature difference between the equator and the north and south poles of the earth so great?

The temperature difference is caused by the irradiation angle rather than the distance. The Galapagos Islands near the equator, also known as the Cologne Islands, belong to Ecuador and are located in the East Pacific Ocean and the west coast of South America. It consists of 13 large islands and hundreds of small islands, with a total area of about 7800 square kilometers. The Galapagos Islands are deeply affected by the cold current in Peru. The temperature is cool but very dry. There is no tree-lined and sunny tropical landscape at all, but there is quite a cold temperate scenery. The most famous wild animals on the island are penguins, giant turtles and iguanas. There are thousands of wild penguins in the Galapagos Islands, and their origin has always been a mystery. Scientists believe that several Antarctic penguins may have been washed to this area by the mighty cold currents of west wind drift and Peru, and landed on the islands. Because the local area is deeply influenced by the cold current in Peru and the climate is quite cold, these "Antarctic immigrants" can survive and multiply. Thus, this spectacle on the equatorial line was produced. Source: 24 hours science