The contents of the blackboard newspaper on AIDS prevention

The whole picture of the contents of the blackboard newspaper on AIDS prevention

The following is the content of the blackboard newspaper on AIDS prevention that I compiled for you. Welcome to read the reference.

What is AIDS?

AIDS is a very harmful infectious disease, which is caused by HIV infection. HIV is a virus that can attack the human immune system. It takes the most important T lymphocytes in the human immune system as its main target, destroys it in large quantities, and makes the human body lose its immune function. Therefore, the human body is susceptible to various diseases, malignant tumors can occur, and the mortality rate is very high. The average incubation period of HIV in human body is 8 ~ 9 years. Before you get AIDS, you can live and work for many years without any symptoms.

The cause of disease

Studies show that AIDS originated in Africa and was brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5th, 198 1, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a case report of 5 AIDS patients in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly, which is the first official record of AIDS in the world. In 1982, this disease is named "AIDS". Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents. 1985, a foreigner who traveled to China fell ill and died soon after being admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and was later confirmed to have died of AIDS. This is the first case of AIDS in China.

It takes several years, even 10 or even longer, for an HIV infected person to develop into an AIDS patient. Because the body's resistance is extremely reduced, there will be many infections, such as herpes zoster, oral mold infection, tuberculosis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalitis caused by special pathogenic microorganisms, candida, pneumocystis and other pathogens. Malignant tumors often occur in the later stage, and long-term consumption will occur, leading to systemic failure and death.

Although many medical researchers around the world have made great efforts, so far, no specific drugs have been developed to eradicate AIDS, and there is no effective preventive vaccine. AIDS has been listed as a Class B legal infectious disease in China, and it is one of the infectious diseases monitored by frontier health.

clinical picture

Most of them are young and middle-aged, and 80% of them are in 18 ~ 45, which is the age when sexual life is more active. After being infected with AIDS, they often suffer from some rare diseases, such as pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, atypical mycobacteria and fungal infections.

After HIV infection, there may be no clinical manifestations in the first few years to more than 10 years. Once AIDS occurs, patients may have various clinical manifestations. Generally, the initial symptoms are like the common cold and flu, including general weakness, loss of appetite, fever and so on. With the aggravation of the disease, the symptoms are getting worse, such as candida albicans infection in skin and mucosa, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, purple spots, blood blisters, ecchymosis, etc. In the future, it will gradually invade the internal organs, and there will be persistent fever for unknown reasons, which can last for 3 ~ 4 months; Cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea, persistent diarrhea, bloody stool, hepatosplenomegaly and malignant tumor may also occur. Clinical symptoms are complex and changeable, but not every patient has the above symptoms. Dyspnea, chest pain, cough, etc. Often occurs when the lung is invaded; Invasion of gastrointestinal tract can cause persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, emaciation and weakness. It can also invade the nervous system and cardiovascular system.

1. General symptoms

Persistent fever, weakness, night sweats and persistent systemic lymphadenopathy. Especially in the neck, armpit and groin, the lymphadenopathy is more obvious. The diameter of lymph nodes is larger than 1 cm, and the texture is solid, movable and painless. The weight loss can reach more than 10% within 3 months, and can be reduced by up to 40%, especially suitable for emaciation patients.

2. Respiratory symptoms

Long-term cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and blood in sputum in severe cases.

3. Symptoms of digestive tract

Loss of appetite, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bloody stool in severe cases. Drugs commonly used to treat digestive tract infections are ineffective against this kind of diarrhea.

4. Symptoms of nervous system

Dizziness, headache, unresponsiveness, mental retardation, mental abnormality, convulsion, hemiplegia, dementia, etc.

5. Skin and mucous membrane damage

Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, inflammation and ulcer of oral and pharyngeal mucosa.

6. Tumor

A variety of malignant tumors may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma located on the body surface can be seen with red or purplish red spots, papules and infiltrating masses.

treat cordially

At present, there is still a lack of effective drugs to cure HIV infection worldwide. The current treatment goals are: to reduce the viral load to the maximum extent and for a long time; Obtain immune function reconstruction and maintain immune function; Improve the quality of life; Reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The treatment of this disease emphasizes comprehensive treatment, including general treatment, antiviral treatment, treatment to restore or improve immune function, opportunistic infection and malignant tumor.

1. General therapy

HIV-infected people or patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome do not need isolation treatment. For asymptomatic HIV-infected people, they can still maintain normal work and life. Antiviral treatment should be carried out according to the specific condition, and the changes of the condition should be closely monitored. For patients with pre-AIDS or who have developed into AIDS, they should pay attention to rest according to their illness and give them a high-calorie and multi-vitamin diet. What can't be eaten should be supplemented by intravenous infusion. Strengthen supportive treatment, including blood transfusion and nutritional support treatment, and maintain the balance of water and electrolyte.

2. Antiviral therapy

Antiviral treatment is the key to AIDS treatment. With the application of highly effective antiretroviral therapy, the anti-HIV efficacy has been greatly improved, and the quality of life and prognosis of patients have been significantly improved.

prevent

At present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures. The method is as follows:

1. Adhere to integrity, do not engage in prostitution, and avoid premarital and extramarital sex.

2. Do not take drugs and do not share syringes with others.

Do not transfuse blood and use blood products without authorization, but use them under the guidance of a doctor.

4. Don't borrow or * * use personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and razors.

Using condoms is one of the most effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sexual life.

6. Avoid direct contact with blood, semen, milk and urine of AIDS patients, and cut off its transmission route.