Introduction to Zhao Chongguo _ Fang is the country Zhao Haitang _ Li Dongxu Inspection Team Guo Zhao Yimin Xiaoping

Zhao Chongguo (137-52 years ago) was born in Zhao Chongguo, a Han nationality. Originally from Longxi (now Tianshui, Gansu) Shangguan, he moved to Huangzhong (now Xining, Qinghai). Famous western Han dynasty.

Zhao Chongguo is brave and familiar with the habits of Xiongnu and Bianqiang. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, attacked the Xiongnu and led 700 strong men to break through, and was worshipped as a lieutenant general. He has served as commander-in-chief, general, commander-in-chief, water balance general and post-general. He led the army to defeat the rebellion of the Di nationality in Wudu, attacked the Huns, and captured the king of the Western Qi alive. After the death of Emperor Hanzhao, Emperor Xuandi was established with Huo Guang, and the camp was named Pinghou. A tired official, a general, a post-general and a low-level government. In the first year of Shenjue (6 1 year ago), he planned the rebellion of Qiang people and settled the fields.

After Zhao Chongguo became an official in his later years, he still often participated in the discussion of the "four oceans". In the second year of Ganlu (the first 52 years), Zhao Chongguo died at the age of 86. Posthumous title is "strong". As one of the "Eleven Outstanding Kirin Pavilion".

Early experience

Zhao Chongguo first served as a knight, and later as a good son of Six Counties, he was good at riding and shooting, and was appointed as Yulin Wei. He is calm, brave and far-sighted. When I was young, I liked the integrity of the general, so I went to study the art of war and became familiar with barbarians in all directions.

In the fourth year of Yuanshou (1 19), with the victory of Emperor Wu's third large-scale conquest of the Huns, 700,000 people emigrated and the northern frontier was strengthened. In the area from Shuofang in the east to Yongdeng County in the west until today, Union officials were set up to supply cattle and plows to immigrants, and the pasture became an agricultural area. It was in this year that the whole family immigrated to Zhao Chongguo.

catch sb's attention

In the second year of Tianhan (the first 99 years), Zhao Chongguo followed Li Guangli, the commander of No.2 Normal University, posing as Sima to attack Xiongnu, and was surrounded by Xiongnu troops. The Han army ran out of food for several days, causing numerous casualties. Zhao Chongguo and 100 strong men broke through the encirclement and occupied the enemy's defense line. Only when Li Guangli led the soldiers to follow them could they break through. Zhao Chongguo was injured in more than twenty places, and Li Guangli told the situation to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Chongguo to come to the place where he traveled. Emperor Wu of Han personally met and visited his injury, sighed, praised him, conferred the rank of captain on him, and promoted him to be a general with a long history.

During the reign of Emperor Hanzhao, the clans in Wudu County rebelled. As a general to protect the army, Zhao Chongguo led the army to quell the rebellion and was promoted to corps commander. He led troops to Shanggu County, and then transferred back to the imperial court as a captain of Shuiheng. Later, he led troops to attack the Huns and captured the king of Western Qi alive. He was promoted to general because of his work and still served as a captain of Shuiheng.

Repeated meritorious service

In the first year of Yuanping (74 years ago), Zhao Chongguo made peace with Huo Guang, the general, and made Liu Xun Xuan Di, the emperor gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and he was named Ying Pinghou.

At the beginning of this year (73 years before-70 years before), he served as general Pu, led more than 30,000 cavalry, and sent troops from Jiuquan to conquer the Huns. He should have joined forces with Wusun to attack the Huns in Praise, but Wusun arrived early and left, but the Han army didn't arrive. He led his troops out of the fort for more than 1,800 miles and went west to the back of the mountain, killing hundreds of Huns and capturing more than 7,000 livestock. After returning to Korea, he served as a post-general and a junior official. Xiongnu launched a large-scale100000 cavalry attack on the Han border area. When we arrived at Lushan Mountain, we were ready to invade and plunder. At this point, the Huns mentioned this matter after Qutang surrendered to the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to command 40,000 cavalry stationed in Wuyuan, Shuofang, Yunzhong, Dai Jun, Yanmen, Dingxiang, Beiping, Shanggu and Yuyang. Xiongnu Khan heard the news and led the troops to retreat. Han immediately stopped fighting.

At that time, Dr. Guanglu Yiqu sent messengers to inspect the Qiang tribe. Xianling Tusi expressed his hope to cross the river to the north bank of Huangshui River at some time, looking for places where the Han people did not farm to raise livestock. Yi Quanguo reported this matter to Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Zhao Chongguo impeached Yi Quanguo, and Yi Quanguo was ordered to make it, which was a crime of disrespect. After that, the Qiang people broke the Han law and crossed the Huangshui River, which the counties could not stop.

Resourceful and decisive

In the third year of Yuankang (the first 63 years), more than 200 Qiang chiefs dissolved their enmity at the beginning of the year and signed an oath after exchanging hostages. When Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di learned about this, he asked Zhao Chongguo for advice. Zhao Chongguo replied, "The Qiang people are easily controlled, because each tribe has its own leader. They often attack each other, and their strength cannot be unified. More than 30 years ago, the Western Qiang people rebelled, which also resolved their enmity in advance, and concluded a Covenant to attack the imperial palace and compete with the Han people. It took five or six years to settle down. In the fifth year of Zheng He, the zero leader sent people to Xiongnu, and then Xiongnu sent people to Xiaoyue's home. It is widely rumored that General Han Ersi led more than 100,000 people to surrender to Xiongnu. It is difficult for Qiang people to serve the Han Dynasty. Zhangye and Jiuquan were originally our places with fertile land and beautiful environment. Briefly introduce that Zhao Chongguo can attack and occupy the encirclement together. It can be seen that the Huns want to unite with the Qiang people, which is not a matter of human life. Not long ago, the Huns were trapped in the west. They heard that Wu Huan was coming to guard the frontier fortress, and they were afraid that the war would start from the east, so they sent messengers to Yuli and other dangerous places, promising them men and women and mink clothes in an attempt to alienate the friendly relationship with Lian. The plan didn't come true. I suspect that Bao Su sent messengers to Qiang tribe to transport salt from Shayin area. After passing the exam, he entered the poor water plug, arrived in the southern vassal state and joined forces with the 100 th. I am afraid that the changes of the Qiang people will not stop there, but will also collude with other tribes, so we must plan ahead. "

More than a month later, the wolf of Qiang sent messengers to the Huns to borrow soldiers, ready to attack Shanshan and Dunhuang and cut off the passage between the two countries. Zhao Chongguo thinks: "Wolf-wow, the tribe of Abortion people, in the southwest of Rizhao, it is inevitable that it is impossible to make such a plan alone. It is suspected that the messenger of Xiongnu has reached the tribe of Qiang people, and only after zero, sparse and open, can the enmity be lifted and a Covenant be concluded. When the horse is fat in autumn, chaos is bound to happen. Ambassadors should be sent to patrol the border guards, make preparations in advance, and order them to tell the Qiang tribe not to let them remove their grievances in order to find out their conspiracy. " Therefore, the two governments asked to send envoys from Izuago to inspect the tribes sent by different people to distinguish the good from the bad. After Yi Quanguo went, he summoned more than 30 tribal leaders of the faeries and killed them all because they were particularly cruel and cunning. He sent troops to attack their tribe and killed more than 1000 people. So all the Qiang tribes and Yi Qiang Hou Yangyu who surrendered to the Han Dynasty were afraid of resentment, lost their trust and returned in succession, so they coerced and hijacked the weak tribes, betrayed and violated the frontier fortress, attacked the city and killed officials.

In the spring of the first year of Shenjue (6 1 year ago), Yiqu Anguo, as a captain riding the capital, assembled three thousand cavalry to guard against the Qiang people. When he arrived in Xu Hao, he was attacked by Qiang people and lost a lot of vehicles, trench and weapons. Anguo led the troops back and reported the situation to Lingju.

Put forward a good plan

In the first year of Shenjue (6 1 year ago), Zhao Chongguo was in his seventies, and he was still supervising the army in the west, defeating the Qiang people. After coming back, the three parties wrote to the imperial court, analyzed the situation in detail, suggested nip in the bud, and put forward the idea of "reclaiming the sea with soldiers", which was appreciated by Xuan Di. Because he was old, Xuan Di asked him, "Who is the most suitable for sending troops?" He replied happily: "There is no more suitable candidate than the old minister." Ask again: "How many men do you need?" "Seeing is believing. I want to go to Jincheng (near Lanzhou today) immediately to measure the terrain and write a plan. Your majesty, I'll take care of this. "He led less than ten thousand cavalry, set out quickly, skillfully crossed the Yellow River, gain a foothold, ready to fight. On the banks of the Huangshui River, the Qiang people challenged many times, but he couldn't hold on. He just surrendered with prestige and dissolved the plan of the Qiang tribe. At this time, he suggested that the imperial court take the wasteland in Huangzhong (now on both sides of Huangshui River in Qinghai Province) as a long-term solution, and put forward the method of raising grain on the spot, which can "make grain because of fields" and "residents can merge fields without losing agriculture"; "The way to win by sitting"; "12 stools" such as "big expenses save, the corvee pays interest in advance". This played a great supporting role in the frequent wars at that time, reduced the burden on the people, and has always influenced future generations.

Mourning after death

Zhao Chongguo asked to retire and return to his hometown in his later years. However, when the imperial court discussed the issue of "Four Foreigners", Zhao Chongguo often participated in military planning.

In the second year of Ganlu (52 years ago), Zhao Chongguo died at the age of 86, born in Zhuanghou, posthumous title. Buried in Yang (now northwest of Imashimizu County), it is now listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

After Zhao Chongguo's death, he and Huo Guang and others painted his portrait in Qilin Pavilion of Weiyang Palace, which is one of the "eleven outstanding figures of Qilin Pavilion". Emperor Cheng chased the United States and called assistant minister Huang Men to praise him. Yang Xiong has a eulogy of "rejuvenating the country in Han Dynasty, using force to conquer the country", praising Zhao Chongguo's martial arts in the revival of the Western Han Dynasty. Buried in Yang (now northwest of Imashimizu County), it is now listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.