How did English come into being and when was it introduced to China?

In the early days, four Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) immigrated to England, and English was passed down from their language changes. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, around 449 AD, King Vilti of the British Isles invited his "Anglo relatives" to help him fight against the Picts, so he returned the territory of Southeast Angles. Then he sought further support, and Saxons, Angles and Jutes came one after another. Chronicles record that these "immigrants" eventually established seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Essex, Sussex and Wessex. After the Germanic invasion, they ruled the local Celts, and the local languages mainly survived in Scotland, Wales, Kangwa and Ireland. The language of these invaders gradually formed "Old English", which is very similar to modern Frisian. English, England and East Anglia are three words developed from the vocabulary describing the Angles: English, Angelcynn and English Alan. In the 9th century, Scandinavians invaded northern England on a large scale. At the end of the ninth century, the invaders occupied almost the whole eastern half of Britain. Scandinavians speak North Germanic. There is not much difference between North Germanic and West Germanic. Due to the invasion of Scandinavians, a large number of Scandinavian words (represented by Old Scandinavian) entered the vocabulary of Old English. There are many synonyms between ancient Norse and old English. Therefore, ancient Norse vocabulary often replaces old English vocabulary in English vocabulary. 1066 for 300 years after the Norman conquest, the king of England only spoke French. So a large number of French words entered Old English, and Old English itself lost most of its twists and turns, forming Middle English. The vowel movement around 1500 transforms Middle English into modern English. The most famous literary work in Old English is Beowulf, while the most famous literary work in Middle English is Canterbury Tales. Modern English began to flourish in Shakespeare's time. Some scholars divided it into early modern English and late modern English, and the dividing line was about 1800. With the British occupation and colonization of most parts of the world, the local language has greatly influenced the development of English.

Edit this historical period

1. Old English period-AD 449- 1 100 * * There are mainly four dialects: (1) Northumbria dialect-the dialect north of Humber River; ② Mercia dialect-a dialect between Humber River and Thames River in central England; (3) Kent dialect-Zhuren dialect living in southeast England; ④ West Saxon dialect-the dialect south of the Thames. Northumbria and Greece are also called Anglian dialects, which are dialects in areas where Angles live. Second, the Middle English period-1100 to 1500. Third, the period of modern English (MOD E.)-1 The period of modern English since 500 is divided into: (1) Early modern English. (2) Late Modern English-1700 till now.

Edit the global distribution of this paragraph

There are 172 English-speaking countries and regions in the world. English is the official language: English World Map.

Britain, Australia, Bahamas, Botswana (but the national language is Tswana), Canada (together with French), Fiji (but the national language is Fiji), China, Hong Kong (together with Mandarin and Cantonese), India (together with Bengali, Telugu, Malady, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarat, Malayalam, Ennada, Ori. Kashmir, Hindi, Sanskrit), Venda (together with Swahili), Kiribati, Nigeria, Pakistan, Barbados, Bermuda, Ireland (but as a second language, the first language is Irish), South Africa (together with Afrikaans, Ndebele, North Soto, Soto, Swahili, Tsonga, Tswana. Malay is the national language), the Philippines (but Filipino is the national language), Gambia, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Christopher and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico (along with Spanish), Zambia, Namibia and parts of the United States. The United States federal government has no official language; English is the first language of habit, not law. English is the official language of Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii (together with Hawaiian), Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico (together with Spanish), North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina and South Carolina. Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming], Malta, Ghana, Nigeria In addition, in Europe and Japan, English is the most common language to learn as a foreign language (32.6%), followed by French, German and Spanish. Basic English is simplified English for international communication. It is usually used by some aircraft manufacturers and other international enterprises to write manuals and communicate. Some schools in the Far East teach it as basic English. The mother tongue of six countries is English: Britain, America, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland.

domestic situation

In China, English is a compulsory course for more than 80% of basic education (from grade three, four, five and six to senior high school), especially in middle school. At present, English courses are offered in the first and second grades of primary schools in many cities, and some schools even take it as the main subject, in order to improve the English level in China. In China, from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, full-time universities implemented English proficiency test as a standard requirement for choosing English as a compulsory course for the first foreign language. From 1949 to the middle of 1960, Chinese mainland took Russian as its first foreign language because of its close relationship with the Soviet Union. 1After the mid-1960s, English was chosen as the first foreign language, especially after 1983. Guided by this, middle school courses in China, especially junior high school education, basically take English as a compulsory course in foreign language teaching courses, and more than 80% of high school courses take English as a compulsory course; Unless English is a foreign language major, general English is a compulsory course in full-time universities, and other foreign languages are optional courses. Due to the high status of English in NMET, CET-4 and CET-6 are all linked to the degree. In recent years, there have been many criticisms from all walks of life, accusing China of overemphasizing the status of English and neglecting the cultivation of China people's quality. Many students spend a lot of time on English, which affects their professional study. China culture is in a discriminatory position. On the other hand, due to the quasi-Esperanto status of English, if there are not a large number of talents who are familiar with English, it will have a negative impact in the process of globalization.