Kuang Shi's allusion to couplets

Kuang's Ancestral Hall Federation [Kuang's Ancestral Hall Four-character Federation]

Come down in one continuous line;

There are three situations.

-Lei, Fang and Kuang's ancestral hall "Traceability Hall" is a universal couplet, written anonymously.

The All-China Code refers to the first place in Kuang, starting from Fang and starting from Lei, and the three surnames of Lei, Fang and Kuang come from the same source and branch. This door, built on Zhongshan East Road, Shuikou Town, Kaiping City, confirms the root relationship among Lei, Fang and Kuang. These three surnames can be traced back to Shennong (Emperor Yan), the leader of Jiang tribe in ancient times. They lived in Qishan, Shaanxi, and later developed to the Central Plains. They took Mangshui's son and gave birth to an emperor, an emperor, an emperor, an emperor, an emperor. The emperor came to the emperor, the emperor gave birth to the emperor, the emperor gave birth to the emperor, and the emperor gave birth to Lei (the ancestor of Lei). The thunder of the Yellow Emperor was sealed in Fangshan (now northwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province), so he took Fang's surname as the land, starting here and extending to Fang Yi, the ancestor of Fang in the south of the Yangtze River. Fang Bi lives in Gushi County, Gwangju, Henan Province. Wang Mang rebelled and moved his family to Jiangzuo, the ancestor of Jiangnan.

Seven-character universal couplets of ancestral temple

The death sacrifice of the minister of Haixuetang;

The Ministry of War of Civil Fort was martyred.

-The name of the Ancestral Temple Federation of Trade Unions written by Anonymous is Kuang.

Couplets refer to Kuang Lu, a generous and conceited man from Nanhai in the late Ming Dynasty, who traveled to western Guangdong and wuyue. After the demise of Li Zicheng, Zheng Zhilong and others established Zhu as Emperor of the Tang Dynasty in Fuzhou, calling Kuang Lu a calligrapher in China. During the reign of Li Yong, he sent a special envoy back to Guangzhou, and the Qing army invaded Guangzhou. He committed suicide in the Haixuetang where he lived. The second couplet refers to Yizhang (the same as Ye) in Ming Dynasty, who was born in Meng and Yongle and was an assistant minister of the Ministry of War. During the period of British orthodoxy, the Mongolian Walla department also invaded the south first. Wang Zhen, the eunuch, urged Yingzong to lead troops to make personal expedition, but Kuang Yě tried his best to stop it and was not adopted. In the civil fort, Yingzong was captured and Kuang Yě died.

Pedigree diagnosis and description of standard copper five families in Sanchongtang Triple Mine (general sequence)

Yu Gai looked at the old score, bent down to look deeply and said, "Beautiful and elegant." . Husband's spectrum is also known to the world. You can grow old above immortality. You can be young under eternal life. Your life can be very long. When you grow up, you can see your younger brother, the old and the young can see your goodness, the old can see your filial piety, and Sanmei is good for you. No.3 Middle School Kuang Kuang Portal He Jia Family. Dengzhou Baishui is difficult to be the first, and it is sealed with martial arts. He lost his border pass and his second son changed his surname to avoid his name. Kuang is the left room and Kuang is the right room. The second sentenced Jizhou to death and lived in Aocheng. The tenth generation was tolerant and moved to Gaozhou. Since the 1 1 century, the surname of the son has been very complicated. The famous work is three loyalties, leaving nine women. For example, Cangzhou in Anfu, Shuizhu Village in Dongshan Gorge, Aocheng, Shebei and Gujiang in Peng Fang, Luling, Xintian, Shangxiang, Jishuizhong Village, Yongfeng, Taihe Xiacun and as far away as Jiang Shu all have sages. Huguang has Linwu, Yizhang, Hengshan and Youxian, and Guangdong has Nanhai, Lianzhou and Daning. They were sent to move, and others represented them. They are opposite to each other, such as loyalty, glory of meritorious service, and works of articles that shine through the ages and have a long history. Since the eleventh, I dare to be disrespectful. From one to Kundi, and from Kundi, if he is sincere and dressed up, dare not love him. Therefore, there must be Geng Zhixiao, Wang Xiangzhi's ceremony, his thoughts, and the wine of thousands. His love is also due to Zhu Shouchang's homesickness, Miao Rong's kindness, and Bai Yang's and Xue Bao's benevolence and righteousness, which is called the reality of a family, not the virtual reality of migration. The book says, "Mingde, nearly nine families, must start from Mingde, cultivate one's morality, and be happy." Don't take my words as pedantry, it is the life of bronze, so as not to grind the clouds. "

In the eleventh year of Wanli, sunflower is not in winter.

"Shi Ting's First Scholar and First Hanlin Literature and History", Ming Yu Zhu Guo is outstanding.

The footprints of Hakka ancestors! Kuang's surname is one of the rare surnames among Han people in China. Although Kuang has a small population, she is a typical Hakka family. By investigating the history of the rise and migration of Kuang family, we can clearly see the formation track and cultural inheritance of Hakka people.

one

Kuang Nai-gu, Robbie's History of the Road, Volume 30, Country Names and Countries: "Kuang, there was Kuang in ancient times." "Xing Yuan": "Kuang is from Nanhai and Gaozhou, Guangdong." According to the records of Kuang's genealogy unearthed in Hanyin, Shaanxi Province, Kuang, Kuang and Er belong to the same clan, and their ancestor was after Boyi. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a propagandist named Hou Yi in Baishui Village, Dengzhou, Nanyang, Henan Province. She was the granddaughter of Hou Liang and Deng Yu, and her son was named Huang Xian. During the middle age of Shenlong in Tang Dynasty (705 ~ 707), brothers Huang Xuanzhi, Sun and Huang Cheng changed their surnames to avoid disaster. Changed his surname to Kuang (Kuang) and Huang Cheng changed his surname to Kuang (Kuang), both of which contain the word "Huang". Later, Kuang moved from Nanyang to Chenliudong Village, and Kuang moved to Jizhou, Jiangxi Province.

In Hanyin's Genealogy of Kuang's Family, there is a preface to the Genealogy of Kuang's Family in Aocheng, saying: "Zi Chenggong was promoted to Jinshi from Kaiyuan, and he was elected and sealed to Anping Hou. Because of the words, Tianbao B did not write off the long history of Jizhou. An Lushan moved and transferred Aocheng to join the army and practice. His family lives at the foot of Dongmeng Mountain, so he is a native of Aocheng. "

Since then, the Kuang family has been migrating to the surrounding areas centered on Aocheng, Jizhou. Hanyin's Preface to Kuang's Genealogy in Aocheng also said: "From the calendar to the Song Dynasty, children and grandchildren gradually became rich. One lives in Luling, one in Yongxin, one in Taihe, one in Yongning, one in Nanhai, one in Linwu and Yizhang, one in Baoqing and Wugang, one in Hengzhou and Youxian, one in Suining, Sichuan, one in Lianzhou, and one in Luocheng, western Guangdong. First, face to face. For example, Anfu, Cangzhou, Dongshan, Xiashui, Zhucun and Peng Fang to the east of Nanchang, Shangxiang in Xintian, Zhongcun in Jishui and Yongfeng in Yongxin, Taihexia Village and Jinxian County all have homes. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Guozhuo, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and the acting minister of history, said in the book "A Brief Introduction to the Three Chapters and the Five Treasures of Kuang": "Factions are turning, and generations are famous. Look at each other first, such as loyalty, honor, virtue, and articles that have passed through the ages.

Kuang's family took Jizhou (now Ji 'an) in Jiangxi as the county hope and named it "Luling Hall". Because Kuang and Kuang are from Huang, Huang, Kuang and Kuang are one family, and their ancestors changed their surnames because they served the country, so they are also called "Sanzhong Hall".

two

The war in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms period caused a great migration of refugees. Central Plains immigrants arrived in Shaozhou, Huizhou, Jiaying and other places in Guangdong, while most of them moved to Tingzhou, Fujian and eastern Ganzhou.

Due to the continuous expansion of population and war, Kuang's family in Jizhou also moved from Aocheng, Jiangxi Province to the south with the immigration tide. There are two famous records: the tenth Ronggong moved to Gaozhou, Guangdong; The young father moved to Linwu Shoutang, Hunan, at the junction of Hunan and Guangdong. These two schools later became aristocratic families, which laid the foundation for the re-migration of Hakka Kuang clan system.

Linwu County is located at the southernmost tip of Hunan Province, at the northern foot of the eastern section of Nanling Mountains. According to the "Linwu County Records", "Tang Ganfu moved into three households 12 for four years. During the Song Dynasty, more than 30 surnames of Jiangxi Hakkas/KLOC-0 moved into Linwu in large numbers. " Huang, Zhou, Chen, Kuang, Li and Liu all moved in from Jiangxi in the Song Dynasty.

Today, Kuangjia Village in Linwu is a big village with a population of more than 5,000, and Kuang's family is the most popular in Linwu. Kuang's young father moved from Aocheng, Jiangxi Province to Linwu Shoutang in the heyday (1023 ~ 1032). In Linwu, the descendants of the Kuang family spread and multiplied day by day, and they had to further migrate to other places. For example, Baoqing, Hengzhou, Yizhang, Wugang, Youxian, Suining, Sichuan, Nanhai, Lianzhou, Taining in Fujian, Luocheng in Guangxi and other places all have the origin of Jizhou Kuang.

Kuang Jia of Langtou Village, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, is also one of the descendants of his young father, whose ancestor is Kuang Fa Lin.

At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Fa and his son Kuang Quan went to Guangdong to do business. "After the mountains and rivers in central Guangdong, I accumulated in the milk source, compared with its yin and yang, watching its flowing springs, seeing its beautiful scenery and coming to its beautiful pulse. They also heard the old name of Longpu here, so they decided to settle here and named it Langtou Village. " Since Kuang Fa-lin and his family settled in Bo, the population of Kuang's family has greatly increased. Son 2 of Fallin: Longquan, Su Boyong. In the third generation, "Six Houses by the Water" have been formed, which are deep, pure, clear, clear and shady. By the fourth generation of "Wen" school, there was only one Kuang Quan, divided into seven schools; And Kuang Yong's branch is more complicated. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, some ethnic groups also emigrated overseas.

three

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, a rare natural and man-made disaster in history seriously devastated the social economy of Sichuan and southern Shaanxi (especially Qinba Mountain area). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the policy of "rotating cultivation" was vigorously promoted to attract refugees from all over the country, and they had food when they entered the mountains for reclamation. Ruyuan Langtoukuang's Spring Palace branch gave birth to Gong Zhen, and gave birth to three sons: Songshi, Shi Xiang and Chua. In the early Qing Dynasty, "Huguang filled Sichuan", and in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi (17 17), Kuang moved from Langtou Village in Ruyuan County to Liangshan County in Sichuan with his wife Shen Shi, his son, his nephew and cousin Kuang Shichang.

After living in Liangshan for 1 1 years, Kuang deeply felt that this place was not a place for entrepreneurship and reproduction, but moved to Puxipu, Hanyintang East Road, Xing 'an League, Shaanxi Province with his family in the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728). Shi Caigong "see here surrounded by mountains and rivers; To the south of the Yuehe River, it is flat and open, and a hundred miles gush, and the vicious land belongs to each other. It is said that this is the so-called land of Hanzhong in Chu State. According to the history books, West Shu is fertile and Hanyin is particularly fertile, so it settled here. In the second year, Shi Caigong returned to Liangshan, where his nephew (the son of Shi Songgong) who moved to Changfang carried on the family line for him, as well as his second sister-in-law (the wife of Shi Xianggong) Lin and his sons Dai Lie, Dai Chong; Later, I moved my brother and sister-in-law back and forth to Langtou Village, Ruyuan County.

Two years later, Kuang's eldest brother died of old age and illness. My second brother died on the way to the Western Expedition in the 59th year of Kangxi, and my eldest sister-in-law, Deng Shi, moved to Puxipu in Hanyin County with Sun Chaoan and Chao Shun. So Ruyuan Kuang settled in Puxipu, Hanyin County, and thrived. In the past few decades, the population of the Kuang family has grown rapidly and gradually developed into a prominent family in Puxipu, known as the Kuang's Three Gates.

Kuang made immortal contributions to Kuang's move to Sichuan and Shaanxi and the development of Qinba Mountain area. After four years of Qianlong, when Kuang was fifty-three years old, Hanyin County ordered Kuang's manor to celebrate his birthday and gave him a plaque "Celebrating his birthday with an eyebrow". Kuang, the son of Kuang, was promoted after eight years in Qianlong. Outside the manor gate of Kuang, there is a wooden archway and flagpole. Kuang's family flourished in Hanyin, and now there are thousands of descendants of Kuang's family, who are distributed in Puxi, Jianchi, Xiaojie, Fengting, Chengguan, Guanyin River, Yeping, Meizipu and Haoping in Hanyin, Hanbin and Ziyang counties of Ankang City.

four

Although the descendants of Kuang have migrated for thousands of years, they have always maintained the inheritance of Hakka culture.

Thirty years after Kuang led his sons and nephews to settle in Hanyin, three manors were built in Wangjiaba (now Siyi Village, Xiaojie Township, Puxi Town), Shibangou (now Group 4 of Xianfeng Village, Xiaojie Township, Puxi Town) and Wanhe (now Group 2 of Sanyan Village, Puxi Town). According to the architectural pattern in the south, the manor is regular in shape, with blue tiles on the earth wall, the main room plus left and right buildings, facing the gate, and each has 12 tile houses, which are later called "old houses". Later, the Kuangshi Ancestral Hall was built at Shibangoukou (Group 1 of Xianfeng Village) on the south bank of Yuehe River. With three old houses as the core, Kwong's descendants built many multi-span houses around.

The Kuang family attaches great importance to respecting ancestors and ancestors and family culture. According to legend, Chao Wang's three brothers are immortals, because they share peaches at the flat peach party of the Queen Mother. From generation to generation, three wooden statues and a bamboo sedan chair were consecrated in turn. Every Spring Festival, Kuang's family holds a grand party. On New Year's Eve, men, women and children of Sanmen clan, under the leadership of the patriarch, beat gongs and drums, set off firecrackers, and danced bamboo dragons to bow down to the "King Chao" to show their respect. The venerable people of the clan carried the "King Chao" to the square in front of the ancestral hall, and the whole clan took turns sitting around, bowing down in turn and offering incense. On the occasion of burning paper money, three dragon lanterns danced and drummed, and Beijing Panoramic Vision Network Technology Co., Ltd. celebrated the New Year and prayed for the Spring Festival. Yin Shi once again made a pilgrimage to the "King of Chao", and divined and predicted the agricultural harvest, business profit and loss, human and animal safety and other matters in the coming year. It was lively until dawn, and his family Ding Zhuang rested in the ancestral temple for friendship. On the third day of the first month, the patriarch arranged farming and industry and commerce for one year, praised the successful students among the clansmen, gave them tuition fees, and then went home separately.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's ancestor worship is another important activity of Kuang family. In addition to the ancestral temple, there is also a common land within the clan, and the land rent is the responsibility of the clan leader for the assembly expenses within the clan. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the head of the Kuang family presides over the Tomb-Sweeping Day and prepares the dining table. All family members come to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors, read genealogy, recognize their ancestors, and worship according to their generations, which is also commonly known as "Tomb-Sweeping Day". There are fixed procedures for offering sacrifices to ancestors. In addition to setting off firecrackers, burning incense and worshipping gifts, we also have to burn paper money for our ancestors, which is called "burning bags". Burning steamed stuffed buns is a Hakka custom, that is, the paper money given to each ancestor should be packaged separately, with the name of the ancestor written on it, so as to check it in the local government; When I am in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I should also punish my children who don't abide by national laws and regulations and are unfaithful and unfilial, as an example.

According to the survey, almost no one in Kuang's family now knows that he is a Hakka. Some old people have a certain understanding of their origins, and some still cherish the genealogy that has been copied. The younger generation has a vague understanding of the origin of their ancestral home, and they know nothing about the history of Hakka migration. Before the 1960s, Kuang's Hakka dialect with a strong southern Hunan accent was still popular, probably because the living environment, transportation and communication were relatively closed at that time, and most of the surrounding residents were Huguang immigrants, and people's communication was generally mixed with the Huguang dialect of Hakka dialect. Later, with the gradual development of transportation and communication, the communication between people became more and more frequent, and most Kuang people had completely given up Hakka and used the local popular Mandarin (Pingqiang). In addition, due to joining the army, entering a higher school, recruiting workers, and the massive outflow of migrant workers after the 1990s, the extensive integration of Putonghua, especially the rapid promotion of Putonghua, many Kuang clan members can speak both Putonghua and gradually alienate Hakka people, and even many ethnic minorities can't or don't want to speak Hakka.