What is the background of the Hus War?

What is the background of the Hus War?

Hus War is a far-reaching peasant war in European history. Although it failed in the end, it had a wide impact on many European countries. So what is the background of this war?

German immigrants

The Czech Republic's rich land resources and mineral deposits attracted the greedy eyes and ambitions of German feudal lords. 12- 13 century, Germans began to immigrate to the Czech Republic on a large scale. The first settlers were priests and monks. These priests and monks soon occupied the main position of Czech churches and monasteries, occupying almost half of Czech cultivated land. At the same time, in order to consolidate and expand its power, the church recruited a large number of knights from Germany to share the land and serve Czech farmers and immigrants from Germany.

In order to increase the revenue of the national treasury, the Czech king also allowed a large number of German businessmen and craftsmen to enter the Czech Republic, and allowed the establishment of various autonomous cities with various privileges. Due to a large number of German immigrants, a special social group composed of German feudal lords, urban nobles and mine owners has formed in the Czech Republic. They colluded with the Czech feudal landlords and exploited the Czech people. Farmers and urban civilians, under the double oppression of nationality and class, "live in their own country like exiles".

cathedral

At that time, the church was the biggest feudal master and exploiter, and the upper priests were almost all Germans, so people's hatred first pointed to the church. The church levies a heavy tithe. The Pope plundered the church and regarded the Czech Republic as the main source of income for the Holy See.

Therefore, from the late14th century, the Czech people launched a massive anti-church struggle. In the anti-church movement, there appeared innovators composed of Czech priests who preached in Czech and exposed the sins of the church. By the beginning of the15th century, the scale of this movement was getting bigger and bigger. This movement was led by the great Czech patriot, theologian, professor of Prague University and missionary of Bethlehem Church John Hus (1369- 14 15).

Hus was born in a poor family. He believes that the church's possession of a large amount of land is the root of all evil, and advocates the confiscation of church property and nationalization. He accused the German prelate of saying: In the eyes of God, a poor farmer and a virtuous old woman are much higher than a rich and guilty bishop.

German nobility

He also exposed the sins of the German nobles in the city. 14 12 years, the pope sent people to the Czech Republic to sell atonement vouchers. Hus publicly criticized and advocated the reform of the church, denying that the Pope has supreme power. Hus's words and deeds aroused the hatred of German priests and the Vatican. Hus was forced to move to the countryside for anti-church propaganda. 14 14, Hus was called to attend a religious conference in konstanz, arrested him, and burned him to death in konstanz Square on July 6 of the same year on charges of heresy.

When Emperor sigismund went to Hus for a meeting, he promised to ensure safety, but at this time he stood by. Hus's martyrdom aroused great indignation among the Czech people. 14 15 In September, Prague held many rallies to protest against the perfidy of the Pope and the emperor. Citizens began to expel German priests, regardless of the assembly of the konstanz Conference, and practiced the religious ceremony that laity took communion with wine glasses. From 14 17, the slogan of eliminating all lords appeared. In July of 14 19, a large-scale peasant war broke out under the banner of Hu's reform.