Who are the cultural celebrities where you live? brief introduction

Zhu Yuanzhang (1328 ~ 1398) was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The boy's surname was eight, and he was renamed Xingzong, with the word Guo Rui. Fengyang, Anhui. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he joined the peasant uprising army led by Guo Zixing. In the 16th year of Yuan Zheng Zhi (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang captured Qing Ji Road (now Nanjing) and changed to Tianfu, calling himself Wu Guogong. In order to pacify the world, he paid attention to selecting talents and recruited wise men, including Qin, Liu Ji, Song Lian, Zhang Yi and other Confucian scholars. He accepted Zhu Sheng's suggestion of "building a high wall, accumulating grain widely, and slowly claiming the title of king", taking Qing Ji Road as the base area, and accumulating strength for unifying the whole country. In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), at the beginning of the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang bowed down to Wu in the old palace. In October of the 27th year of Zheng Zheng (1367), Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were sent to the Northern Expedition to conquer the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing). On the fourth day of the first month of the following year, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu, with the title of "Ming" and Jianyuan Hongwu. In August, the imperial edict set up two cities in Beijing, Jinling as Nanjing and Daliang (now Kaifeng) as Beijing. Starting from 1366, he ordered the construction of the palace and the expansion of Yingtianfu City as the capital, which was completed in 1386. With a circumference of 33.676 kilometers, the capital is the largest existing city in the world. Outside the capital city, there is a foreign country, 60 kilometers long. He attached importance to building water conservancy projects and opening the Rouge River. In order to cultivate talents, Hongwu built the imperial academy at the foot of Jilong Mountain in the 14th year (138 1). In the 20th year of Yongle (1422), there were 9,972 students, with more than 0/000 study and accommodation rooms, and overseas students were "prince's study" and "prince's study". The observatory built on Jilong Mountain at the end of Yuan Dynasty was expanded into the National Observatory-Qintiantai. He formulated various systems to maintain feudal order, such as strict criminal law to clean up bureaucracy and making fish-scale books to prevent unscrupulous mergers. He also ordered the wasteland reclaimed by farmers to be owned by farmers, vigorously advocated planting cash crops such as mulberry, hemp and cotton, developed handicrafts and revitalized the economy, which laid the foundation for the foundation of the Ming Dynasty for nearly 300 years. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness and was buried with Ma Huanghou in the Ming Tombs. Xie An (320 ~ 385) was a prime minister and politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word Anshi. Taikang people in Henan. When I was young, I lived in seclusion in Huijidong Mountain, entertaining myself with landscape sketches, and had no intention of being an official. However, I pay attention to current politics and am called Zhu Gekongming. "If you can't make peace, it's like nothing!" Everyone wants him to come out and preside over the political situation. When Jian Wendi was in China, the national fortune went from bad to worse. Xie An, who is over 30 years old, lamented, "It is not too late to make a comeback and help the poor." So Huiji went to Jiankang to take over as prime minister. He is calm and calm in a crisis, and gentle and elegant has the demeanor of a Confucian general. He often went to Yecheng with the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, "daydreaming has lofty aspirations". Xie An has served as Zhong Chang Shi, Zhong Shu Shi Lang, Zhong Chang Shi, a title of generals in ancient times, and Stuart. During Jiankang's life of Zaifu for more than 20 years, he did two great things in history: first, he cleverly prevented Huan Wen from usurping the throne and avoided the outbreak of civil war; The second is to command the famous battle of Surabaya. By luring the enemy, he defeated 900,000 troops in Fu Jian with 80,000 soldiers from the northern government, which restored the former Qin army, saved the Eastern Jin regime and laid the foundation for the stability of the Southern Dynasties for more than 300 years. During Xie An's reign, Jiankang Miyagi was renovated on a large scale, and 3,500 "Jiankang Palace" with large and small halls was built around the original four archways in Chengxian Street, which became the largest building complex in Jinling area 1600 years ago. There is a luxury villa in Dongshan, the southern suburb of Jiankang. "Autumn Moon on Dongshan Mountain" is one of the 48 scenic spots in Jinling in Qing Dynasty. After his death, he was buried in Meigang, Jiankang. Zu Chongzhi, Zu Chongzhi, (429 ~ 500) was a scientist in the Southern Dynasties. The word Wen Yuan. His ancestral home is Laishui County, Hebei Province, and he was born in Jiankang (Nanjing). His ancestors and father served in the Eastern Jin court successively. During the Song and Qi Dynasties, Zu Chongzhi served as a local petty official. On the basis of Liu Hui's scientific method of finding pi by secant, he calculated pi between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927 by secret method. This was the most accurate value in the world at that time. Nearly a thousand years later, it was not until 1427 that it was replaced by a more accurate calculation by the Central Asian mathematician Al Cassie. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song (457 ~ 464), Zu Chongzhi completed Da Ming Li. For the first time in Daming Calendar, precession was used to measure the number of days in each tropic year, and the difference between the result and modern scientific calculation was only 50 seconds. Zu Chongzhi invented many things, such as the water hammer mill installed in Le Garden at the foot of Fuzhou Mountain in the sixth year of Qi Yongming (488), a thousand-mile ship driven by machinery, and an ancient compass. There are statues of Zu Chongzhi in Moscow University and China Great Wall Science and Technology Industrial Park. Tao Hongjing, Tao Hongjing, (452 or 456 ~ 536) was a Taoist between Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, a Taoist thinker and physician. Clear pronunciation and mellow voice. Nanjing people. Born in a gentry, I was eager to learn all my life. When you are 10 years old, you will have the ambition to keep fit by reading The Legend of the Immortal. In the Southern Dynasties and the end of the Song Dynasty, he served as the general of Zuo Wei Hall. At the age of 29, he studied under Sun Youyue, traveled to famous mountains, searched for fairy medicine, and studied under the Fu Tu Jing Fa. When I was 33, I went to Maoshan for the first time. In the tenth year of Qi Yongming (492), he resigned and retired to Maoshan. Liang Wudi and Xiao Yan respected Tao Hongjing very much, and often went into the mountains to consult the imperial court affairs, so they were called "prime ministers in the mountains". Tao Hongjing is the main representative of Shangqing Confucian Classics and the founder of Maoshan School. His thought originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi, mixed with Confucianism and advocated the confluence of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. He practiced both Buddhism and Taoism, and set up two temples of Buddhism and Taoism in Maoshan Taoist Temple to pay homage every other day. He also made great achievements in other aspects, such as being good at calligraphy, especially running script, medicine, calendar and geography, and his Notes on Materia Medica had a great influence on later generations of Materia Medica. Although the original book was lost (the remnant book was found in Dunhuang), it was included in Materia Medica. He is well-read, and has written more than 80 kinds, mainly including the map of the true god, the patent of the true scripture, the secret recipe of ascending the truth, the effective prescription of Dow, the prescription of tonifying elbow 10 1 0, and the prescription of medicine. (464 ~ 549), the founder of Southern Liang Dynasty. The word is great, and the small word is practiced. My ancestral home is Changzhou, Jiangsu, and I was born in Moling (Nanjing). Diligent, knowledgeable and talented since childhood. Young people often associate with social elites, including seven people, including Shen Yue, a rising star known as "Eight Friends of Jingling". He used to be the secretariat of Yongzhou, sent troops to conquer Jiankang and pacify the civil strife in Qi State, and was named King Liang. In the second year of Qi Zhongxing (502), Qi and Di Chan were located in Xiaoyan. That is to say, the throne and crown beam are for Liang Wudi. After 48 years in power, the country has developed politically, economically, militarily and culturally, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. The capital Jiankang has developed into a big city with a population of more than one million, and a number of outstanding scientists, writers and artists have emerged, resulting in a "cultural prosperity" of "letting a hundred flowers blossom". He advocates respecting Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In the fourth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (505), Tian Jian opened the Five Classics Hall, which trained a large number of gentry's children and some poor children. Formulate rituals and music, set up Shilin Pavilion in the west of Gongcheng, and recruit talents; Establish Buddhism as the state religion and build temples. Attach importance to building water conservancy projects and reward farming. He issued a decree forbidding giving gifts and bribing officials, actively advocating coachable, putting up a slanderous stone in front of the palace and putting a box next to it for the people to put in materials, writing about the good and evil of officials and supervising them. In his later years, politics gradually declined. Later, due to the "Hou Jing Rebellion", Miyagi was trapped, starved to death in Taicheng and buried in spiritual practice (now Lingkou, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province). There are many books. Today, there is the royal collection of Liang Wudi compiled by the Ming Dynasty. Xu Xi Xu Xi, year of birth and death to be tested. Southern Tang painters of the Five Dynasties. Nanjing people. For generations, Southern Tang became an official. He is good at flowers, trees, waterfowl, insects, fish, fruits and vegetables. The birds he painted are very delicate and delicate in shape and bones. He wrote flowers and trees with a heavy pen, thick ink and a little miscellaneous color, which was called "falling ink flower" in one go. This painting method of emphasizing ink over color is just the opposite of the famous "hook color" painting style at that time. Most of the paintings are wild bamboos, waterfowl and deep-sea fish in Hua Ting, and they are also different from the rare birds, birds and exotic flowers and rocks painted by Huang Quan. Their styles became two schools of flower-and-bird painting in the Five Dynasties, and people commented on "Huang Jiafu and Xu Xiye". He painted "Flowers for the Palace" and "Flowers for the Hall" for the court, which were deeply loved by the Southern Tang Empress. When Song Taizu saw that his works thought flowers and fruits were exquisite, he said, "I only know Xi, and I don't look at the rest." Li Liyu Yu (937 ~ 978) was a monarch and writer in Southern Tang Dynasty. The word is heavy, Zhong Yin. My ancestral home is Xuzhou. Known as Li Houzhu. After he succeeded to the throne, he was lazy in state affairs, indulging in debauchery, writing lyrics and talking about Buddhism. Jiande Qingtang is a Summer Palace in Liang Qing Temple. In the eighth year of Song Kaibao (975), Song Bing was captured after attacking Jinling and was ordered to disobey orders. Three years later, he was poisoned by Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi. He is good at poetry, music, calligraphy and painting, especially palace ci. Most of the characters express their feelings directly by drawing lines and appropriate metaphors, which are vivid in image and language. Early works reflect the luxurious life in the court, with gorgeous style. In his later works, there are many sorrows of the monarch who died of the country and nostalgia for his past life. Although there are only more than 50 poems left, most of them are famous and have been passed down to this day. Later generations published the works of him and his father Li into Two Main Poems of Southern Tang Dynasty. Wang Dao and Wang Dao (276 ~ 339) were prime ministers and politicians in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word Mao Hong. Linyi, Shandong. Si Marui, the king of Langya, was closely related to him. After Du Nan went to Jianye, he relied on the gentry in northern Du Nan to unite with the natives in Jiangdong and help Si Marui establish the Eastern Jin regime. Wang Daoli maintained the stability of the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the assistance of the Three Dynasties and the principle of "keeping the town safe". Due to the expansion of the war, a large number of northern gentry and Zhongyuan people crossed the south, occupied land and demanded privileges, and the contradiction with the indigenous people became increasingly acute. In order to ease the contradiction, on the one hand, Wang Dao actively wooed indigenous giants, promising high officials and generous salaries to ensure the safety of their property; On the other hand, overseas Chinese states, overseas Chinese counties and overseas Chinese counties were set up in areas where the influence of the southern gentry was weak, and the northern gentry and immigrants were resettled, so that local people and foreigners could find their proper places, and the scholars turned the corner. Wang Dao advocated building the country through diligence and thrift, and once called the Twin Peaks of Niushou Mountain Tianque, which made Emperor Wu of Jin give up the idea of setting up a double pavilion at the south gate of the capital and claiming himself as emperor. Because of his outstanding achievements in supporting Jinshi, he fell in love with the ruling and opposition parties and was named Guan Zhong. Emperor Jin Yuan compared him to Guan Yi and said to him personally, "Qing is my Xiao He." After his death, he was buried in the southern foothills of the shogunate Shanxi. Wang Dao and Xie An later lived in Wuyi Lane between Qingxi and Qinhuai. Liu Yuxi, a Tang Dynasty man, once wrote a poem with emotion when he visited Nanjing: "Wild grass blooms on Suzaku Bridge and the sun sets at the corner of Wuyi Lane." In the old society, Wang thanked Yan and flew into the homes of ordinary people. Wang Anshi, (102 1 ~ 1086) was a politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Fu Jie, no, is Mid-Levels. Because he was named Jing Guogong and died after his death, he was also called Wang and Wang Wengong. Born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province, he moved to Jiangning with his father Wang Yi at the age of 17 and lived in Nanjing for nearly 20 years. Li Qing was a scholar in the second year (1042), and served as the magistrate of Yinxian and Changzhou successively. In the third year of Jia (1058), Song Renzong wrote a record of words and deeds, and put forward the idea of enriching the people through political reform, which was not adopted. After Zongshen succeeded to the throne, Xining was promoted to Zhang Shi (prime minister) in Tongping in the third year (1070) and vigorously carried out the political reform movement. The new law was blocked by opposition from conservative forces. In the seventh year of Xining (1074), he was forced to resign as prime minister and later served as Jiangning magistrate. In the eighth year of Xining (1075), he asked Zongshen to approve the drainage of Xuanwu Lake and obtained more than 200 hectares of land for the poor to cultivate. This year, he visited the Prime Minister for the second time and continued to implement the new law. Due to the resistance of conservative forces and contradictions among reformists, Yu Xining resigned again in October, 1999 (1076) and served as the magistrate of Jiangning for three times. During this period, a Mid-Levels Garden was built on the road between the east gate of the city and Zhongshan, and then I lived in Baoning Temple (Mid-Levels Temple). Yuan Feng died in the 9th year (1086) and was buried in Zhongshan, Jinling. Wang Anshi opposed conformism and put forward the famous conclusion that "God is not afraid, ancestors are not law-abiding, and people are not merciful". His poetry is vigorous and fresh, and his prose is vigorous and powerful, and he is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". He wrote many works in his life, including Zi Yue and Sun Yat-sen Daily Record. Some remnants of Wang's Linchuan Collection, Three Classics of Xin Yi and Linchuan Collection.