What role does Shanghai Yangshan Port play in the economic development of Shanghai?

What role does Shanghai Yangshan Port play in the economic development of Shanghai?

Yangshan deepwater port is the largest island-type deepwater artificial port in the world. Located in the sea area about 30 kilometers southeast of Lu Chao Port in Nanhui, Shanghai, it is the closest natural deep-water port to Shanghai, with an average water depth of15m. The port is 72 kilometers north of the Yangtze River estuary and 90 kilometers south of Ningbo Beilun Port. In the east, it leads directly to the sea through the Huangzeyang waterway, only 45 nautical miles away from international routes. It guards two major international routes, Asia-America and Asia-Europe. It is the transit container terminal of Shanghai Port and the core project of building Shanghai into an international shipping center.

In the 1990s, the trade volume of Shanghai ports developed rapidly, but it also encountered bottlenecks, mainly because the waterfront of Huangpu River had been used up and there were no deep-water berths. The approach channel of the Yangtze estuary is too shallow to meet the requirements of large-scale development of container ships. Jumping out of Huangpu River, crossing the Yangtze River estuary and building a deep-water port at sea have become the needs of the times.

Building a large port in deep sea is a great challenge to human engineering and technical ability. Yangshan Port is located at the outer mouth of Hangzhou Bay, where the wind is strong and the current is rapid, and it is also the area frequented by strong typhoons. Dayangshan and Xiaoyangshan are composed of more than a dozen islands that are not connected with each other. Engineers should fill the sea area between islands with an average water depth of more than 20 meters by blowing sand and filling the sea, thus creating a flat land with a length of 6 kilometers, a width of 1- 1.5 kilometers and a total area of 8 square kilometers. This is equivalent to piling sand to the height of seven floors in the area of 1000 football field, and the total amount of dumped sand exceeds 1 100 million cubic meters. Yangshan Island Port Area, which is isolated from overseas, is connected with Nanhui Luchao Port through Donghai Bridge, the second largest cross-sea bridge in the world. Donghai Bridge cost 654.38+0.05 billion yuan, with a total length of 32.5 kilometers, including 25 kilometers across the sea. Designed according to the standard of two-way six-lane expressway, the bridge width is 365.438+0.5m.. It can resist 12 typhoon and 7 earthquake. The bridge consumes 500,000 tons of steel and 6.5438+0.5 million cubic meters of concrete, which is enough to fill 500 trains. After more than six years of efforts by more than 10,000 builders, an island super port finally magically appeared in the East China Sea.

General situation of Yangshan deepwater port

Yangshan Port has a planned total area of more than 25 square kilometers, including four ports in the east, west, south and north. According to the principle of one-time planning and phased implementation, it will be implemented in three phases from 2002 to 2020, with a total investment of more than 70 billion yuan, of which 2/3 will be used for land reclamation and about 20 billion yuan will be used for bridge crane machinery for loading and unloading containers. By 20 12, Yangshan Port will have 30 deep-water berths with an annual throughput of150,000 TEU, which can double the throughput of Shanghai Port.

Donggang District is an energy operation port area, which will be built in two phases. The first phase project includes LNG (liquefied natural gas) receiving station and submarine gas transmission trunk line. The construction scale is to import 3 million tons of LNG every year and supply about 4 billion cubic meters of LNG to Shanghai every year. It will become a world-class clean energy supply base, and form a diversified gas supply situation with West-to-East gas transmission and East China Sea natural gas to ensure Shanghai's energy security. Among them, LNG receiving station is located in Ximentang Island, Yangshan Deepwater Port Area. It mainly builds three 6.5438+6 million cubic meters LNG storage tanks, three LNG unloading arms and other corresponding recovery, transportation and gasification facilities and public supporting projects, covering an area of 39.6 hectares, and reserves the second phase expansion site. The LNG special-purpose ship wharf includes a 800,000-200,000 cubic meter LNG special-purpose ship wharf and supporting facilities for heavy cargo wharf. Imported natural gas shipped by LNG will be sent to Lingang New Town Gas Filling Station through the 40km long submarine gas pipeline preset by Donghai Bridge, and enter the Shanghai urban natural gas high-pressure backbone pipe network system.

Donggang District is also the largest transit base for refined oil products in the Far East. It is planned to build a 1900-meter-long product oil terminal operation area. This is a national strategic reserve oil depot, which will be built in three phases. The first phase is the product oil depot and production and living facilities area, which was put into use in March 2009 and can store 420,000 cubic meters of product oil. After the long-term project is completed, it can store 2.7 million cubic meters of refined oil, which will be transported to Shanghai and other places by small and medium-sized tankers.

Nangang district is centered on Dayangshan Island, with Shuanglian Mountain and Dashantang in the west and Maanshan in the east. After 2020, it will be used as the reserved coastline for the planning and development of Yangshan Port.

North Port Area and West Port Area are container loading and unloading areas and the core areas of Yangshan Port. The planned deepwater coastline 10 km can accommodate more than 30 berths, which can handle the world's largest super Panama container ship and giant oil tanker. After completion, the annual throughput can reach more than130,000 TEU, accounting for about 30% of the total container throughput of Shanghai Port, making it the fifth largest container port in the world. The North Port Area is centered on Xiaoyangshan Island, west to Xiaowugui Island and east to Shenjiawan Island, with an average water depth of15m and a coastline of 5.6km.. It is divided into three stages.

The first phase project of Beigang District consists of four parts: the port area, Donghai Bridge, Hulu Expressway and Lingang New City. Construction started in June 2002 and was completed in February 2005, with a total investment of 654.38+043 billion yuan. * * * Five 65438+100000 dwt deep-water berths will be built, with the front water depth of15.5m and the wharf shoreline length of1600m, which can dock the fifth and sixth generation container ships. Consider berthing 8,000 standard container ships with the land area of1. Hulu Expressway starts from A20 Highway (outer ring) in the north, ends at Donger Avenue Interchange in the south, and ends at the landing point of Donghai Bridge, with a total length of 43 kilometers. Lingang New Town has a planned area of 90 square kilometers and a population of 300,000. The eastern end of the second phase of the unique coastal garden city Beigang District will be connected with the first phase, which started in June 2005 and was completed in February 2006, with a total investment of 5.7 billion yuan. * * * Construction of four 65438+100000-ton berths, with front water depth15.5m, wharf shoreline length1400m, land area of 0.8km2, dredged sand of 4m, and storage yard of 8665438+100000 m2. It is operated by a joint venture company of five Chinese and foreign giants, including Shanghai Port Group and Hutchison Whampoa Group.

The third phase of Beigang District was constructed in two phases, the first phase was completed in February 2007 and the second phase was completed in February 2008, with a total investment of1700 million yuan. * * * Seven 65438+100000 dwt berths will be built, with the front water depth of17.5m and the wharf coastline of 2650m, and the easternmost end can berth150000 dwt tankers. With a land area of 5.9 square kilometers and an annual design capacity of 5 million TEUs, it is jointly operated by Shanghai Port Group, Singapore Port Authority, China Shipping Group and CMA.

The successful completion of the third phase of the project marks the comprehensive completion of the North Port Area of Yangshan Deepwater Port. At present, six deep-water container berths 16 have been built in Beigang Port Area, with a total coastline of 5.6 kilometers, an annual handling capacity of 9.3 million TEUs, and dredged sediment of 6,543.8 billion cubic meters, with a total area of 8 square kilometers. Even more spectacular, 60 70-meter-high container bridge cranes are arranged neatly on the connected 5.6-kilometer wharf. These behemoths can load and unload 30 thousand containers every day. It is rare for such a large-scale port project to be completed in just six and a half years in the history of port construction in the world. According to the construction plan, starting from 2009, the focus of Yangshan deepwater port area construction will be transferred to Xigang area. Xigang District is adjacent to Donghai Bridge, with an average water depth of12m and a total length of 4,000m of wharf coastline. There will be 10- 12 special berths for 7- 10-ton containers, with a land area of about 2 square kilometers and an annual design capacity of 7 million TEUs. The port area is the distribution center of river-sea combined transport. Small and medium-sized ships from inland ports along the Yangtze River, such as Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing, will be distributed here, and then transported to all parts of the world through the North Port Area, greatly improving the water-water transfer capacity of Yangshan Port and strengthening the core role of Shanghai International Shipping Center. The first batch of berths will be delivered on 20 10, the other batch will be delivered on 2010, and will be fully completed on 20 13. In order to meet the needs of the operation and management of Yangshan deepwater port area, a number of workboat docks will be arranged. In addition, according to the relevant agreements between Shanghai and Zhejiang Province, Yangshan Passenger Transport Center will be built in Xigang District to provide convenience for people and vehicles traveling to and from Shengsi, Daishan, Putuo Mountain and Zhoushan Island.

After the completion of Yangshan Port, there will be a turnover of tens of millions of containers every year. Highway transportation is the main way of container distribution in Yangshan Port, and nearly 70% of the goods will be radiated to the surrounding areas through Donghai Bridge connecting the highway network. As a supporting project, the Ministry of Railways and Shanghai invested 7.6 billion yuan to build the Pudong Railway, with a total length of 1 17 kilometers, connecting Luchao Port and East China Railway Network, and establishing a container sea-rail combined transport channel for Yangshan Deepwater Port. After the container enters Yangshan Port Area, it takes about 50 minutes to load the container and transport it to Luchao Port Station through Donghai Bridge. It takes about 40 minutes for the transshipment train to transport the container from Luchaogang Station to Ruanxiang Station. Then the train can transfer the goods to all parts of the country through the Jin Min Railway Branch Line, Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and Shanghai-Nanjing Line. In addition, the expansion project of Pudong International Airport has also been completed to meet the needs of "sea-air" combined transport of Yangshan Port.

Yangshan Deepwater Port Tourist Area is located in Xiaoyangshan Island, covering an area of about 65438 0.5 square kilometers. It consists of Daguanyin Mountain, Xiao Guanyin Mountain and Chengzi Mountain, so it is also called Sanshan Island or Santa Island. There are four observation platforms in the scenic spot * * *, which are connected by a sightseeing plank road about 2600 meters long. No.4 observation deck is located at the top of Daguanyin Mountain at 14 1.7 meters, which can provide a panoramic view of the busy scene of Yangshan deepwater port and the container terminal stretching for more than 10.

Project Introduction On June 5438+February 10, 2005, Yangshan Deepwater Port Area of Shanghai International Shipping Center was officially opened, and Donghai Bridge connecting Yangshan Port and land was also opened on the same day. Since then, Shanghai has bid farewell to the history of no deep-water port. The coastline of this port is 1600 meters long. In the first phase, five 754.38+10,000-ton container berths will be built, which can dock the latest generation of container ships in Panama, with an annual throughput of over 3 million TEUs.

Strategic comment: Perhaps, it is difficult to find a port that can attract so much attention as Yangshan. This is not only because it is the only container terminal built on an offshore island in the world, the largest and longest project in the history of China port construction, and the first bonded port in China approved by the State Council. More importantly, it may have an impact on the development of Shanghai and even the regional economy. In a sense, it will be the key to judge the success or failure of this "world-class project" whether Yangshan Port only adds a pier to Shanghai or can take this opportunity to promote broader and deeper changes.

Yangshan Port: Building a Hub Area in Northeast Asia according to the National Strategy of Shipping Center

The only way to visit Yangshan Deepwater Port is Donghai Bridge: Donghai Bridge is the first sea-crossing bridge in China, with a total length of 32km and a bridge width of 31.5m. It is a part of the deepwater port project of Shanghai International Shipping Center, spanning the northern waters of Hangzhou Bay and connecting Luchaogang Town in Nanhui District of Shanghai and Xiaoyangshan Island in Shengsi, Zhejiang. Two long-span skew bridges at sea, four prestressed continuous beam bridges, a large number of non-navigable bridges and a seawall connecting the two islands. The whole bridge is designed according to the expressway standard, and the design reference period is 100 year.

The construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center is an important strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in line with the new trend of world economy and international shipping development and according to China's economic situation and development strategy. Among them, the construction of Yangshan deep-water port area is the core of the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center, and Donghai Bridge, as the only channel connecting Yangshan port area with Shanghai land, is like a big "artery" of Shanghai International Shipping Center. When the first phase of Yangshan Port was started, the completion of Donghai Bridge rewritten that Shanghai was not "Shanghai", where the blue sea surged and a bridge flew. It takes 30 minutes to go directly from Shanghai to Yangshan Port in the East China Sea. Shanghai, from now on, is worthy of the name. This oriental port has entered the "ocean age" from the "river age"!

Visiting Yangshan Deepwater Port will definitely make you feel relaxed and refreshed!

The first phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port Area started in June 2002, and it has only been three and a half years since it was completed and put into operation today. The difficulty of the project, high technical requirements, tight construction period and bitter working conditions are far beyond people's imagination.

Yangshan deep-water port area, located outside the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, is composed of dozens of islands, including large and small Yangshan. It is the first port built on an island in China. Yangshan Port is about 32 kilometers away from Shanghai Nanhui Luchao Port, 90 kilometers away from Ningbo Beilun Port and only 45 nautical miles away from international routes. It is the nearest deep-water port to Shanghai. 1992 The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build Shanghai into "one leader and three centers".

[Edit this paragraph] "One faucet, three centers"

After the decision was made, the central leadership repeatedly proposed to speed up the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center. Subsequently, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward the strategic concept of building Yangshan deep-water port area in Yangshan. In 200 1 year, Wu Bangguo, then Vice Premier of the State Council, led the leaders of relevant ministries and commissions to inspect the site of Yangshan Port, and made specific arrangements for accelerating the construction of Yangshan Deepwater Port Area. In the same year, the State Council approved the project proposal for the first phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port Area. After a series of feasibility studies, on June 26, 2002, the first phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port was officially started, and the first phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port was opened on February 6, 2005. From June 5 to February 2006, the second phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port was completed and put into use. At the end of 2008, the third phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port Area was completed and put into use, which marked the completion of the North Port Area Project of Yangshan Deepwater Port, with 16 special container berths, a coastline of 5,600 meters and a designed annual handling capacity of 9.3 million TEUs. Judging from the operation of the terminal that has been put into operation, Yangshan Deepwater Port Area has achieved good economic and social benefits, and improved the container handling capacity of Shanghai Port. In 2007 and 2008, the container throughput of Shanghai Port ranked second in the world, and it is expected to maintain this position in 2009. With the completion of the North Port, the construction focus of Yangshan Deepwater Port will shift to the West Port near Donghai Bridge. Because the natural conditions in the west port area are worse than those in the north port area, and the water flow is complicated, the berth level will be lower than that in the north port area. According to the plan, there will be special berths for container ships of 10 to120,000 dwt in Xigang District. It is estimated that by 2020, Yangshan Deepwater Port will have 50 deep-water container berths, with the designed annual throughput exceeding150,000 TEUs. In addition, supporting functions such as workboat wharf and Xiaoyangshan passenger transport center will be built along the line, and supporting services such as ports, logistics, processing zones and comprehensive service zones will be developed. The first bonded port area in China was born in Yangshan Deepwater Port, and was put into operation in June 5438+February 10 with the first phase of Yangshan Deepwater Port. The administrative division of Yangshan Deepwater Port belongs to Zhejiang Province, but with the full coordination and close cooperation of Shanghai and Zhejiang Province, it broke through the restrictions of administrative division, and scientifically and efficiently realized the development of Yangshan Deepwater Port and the construction of Yangshan Bonded Port Area. Yangshan Bonded Port Area Management Committee was established by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, with the participation of customs, inspection and quarantine departments, relevant departments of Shanghai Municipal People's Government, Nanhui District People's Government of Shanghai and Zhoushan Municipal People's Government of Zhejiang Province. Under the guidance of the leading group for joint coordination of Yangshan Port Area construction, be responsible for the daily affairs management of the bonded port area and coordinate the implementation of relevant policies of the bonded port area. Yangshan Bonded Port Area consists of Xiaoyangshan Port Area, land area and Donghai Bridge connecting Yangshan Island and land area. It is now closed, with a working area of 8. 14 square kilometers. It is a special functional area for cross-regional cooperation and unified customs supervision between Shanghai and Zhejiang Province. Yangshan Bonded Port Area has all the functions of container hub port, bonded area, export processing zone and bonded logistics park. In terms of international transit, we can carry out container loading and unloading, stockpiling, international container transit, container unpacking, domestic import and export goods transit, container multimodal transport and other businesses; In terms of procurement and distribution, we can carry out goods procurement, warehousing, commercial processing, international goods distribution, logistics distribution and so on. In terms of import and export and entrepot trade, we can carry out import and export trade, entrepot trade, cargo transshipment, commodity trading, bonded display of commodities and corresponding technical services; In export processing, processing and manufacturing, remanufacturing, bonded maintenance and product research and development centers can be established. At present, Yangshan Bonded Port Area has become the core carrier of the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center, and is further improving its functions, promoting the prosperity of the shipping market and serving the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta and the Yangtze River Basin.

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