Land in Israel is scarce, sandy and barren. ...

From August 12 to August 2 1 day, 2005, Song Zhaosu, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Committee of the National People's Congress, led a team to Hulunbeier, Hohhot, Erdos and Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, for a special investigation on ecological construction and protection. Through the investigation, it can be seen that in recent years, with the support of the relevant national ecological protection policies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has further intensified its ecological protection work, and the whole region has attached great importance to ecological construction and protection, taken effective measures, achieved remarkable results, and explored a road of ecological construction and protection that conforms to the actual situation of the whole region; The relevant information is hereby notified as follows.

I. Achievements made

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the northern part of the motherland, covering northeast, northwest and north China, with a total area of1183,000 square kilometers, accounting for 12.3% of the national territory. It is an important ecological defense line in northern China. 1998 to 2004, the state implemented eight key ecological construction projects, including returning farmland to forest and grassland, returning grazing to grassland, and controlling sandstorm sources in Beijing and Tianjin, covering more than 90% of counties in the autonomous region, with a cumulative investment of145.9 billion yuan, and * * completed returning farmland to forest and grassland by 35.04 million mu/kloc-0. 24.24 million mu of public welfare forest was built, 4.2 million mu of soil erosion was controlled, 5.72 million mu of grassland was built and protected, and 5.7 million mu of desertification was controlled. Through ecological construction and protection, the forest coverage rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has increased from 13.8% at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 17.57% at present. Compared with 1999, the desertification area decreased by 24.09 million mu, the desertification land area decreased by 7.32 million mu, the degree of land desertification was obviously reduced, and the mobile desertification area decreased. The ecological situation of the whole region has entered the stage of "comprehensive containment and partial improvement". Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has focused on the following four aspects in ecological construction and protection.

1. Leaders attach great importance to it and their responsibilities are put in place.

Party committees and governments at all levels in the autonomous region attach great importance to ecological protection and put ecological construction and protection on the important agenda as the fundamental policy for the survival, development and prosperity of the whole region. In recent years, the government of the autonomous region has successively issued some important documents, such as Measures for the Management of Ecological Environment Construction Projects, Notice on Strengthening Ecological Protection and Construction, Decision on Deepening Reform and Accelerating Forestry Development, Decision on Accelerating Ecological Construction in Sandy Areas and Mountainous Areas, and so on, which has strengthened policy guidance. The Party committee and government of the autonomous region have also incorporated the work of ecological protection and construction into the assessment targets of the leading bodies of the party and government in each league city, established a target responsibility system for leaders at all levels, and signed letters of responsibility at all levels to ensure that the tasks, objectives and responsibilities of ecological protection and construction are implemented.

2. Strengthen the construction of the legal system and improve the system guarantee.

In recent years, the autonomous region has formulated some local laws and regulations on ecology. The people's congress of the autonomous region has successively promulgated the specific measures or management regulations for the implementation of grassland law, sand prevention law and forest law. , and according to the actual situation in the region, took the lead in formulating the Regulations on Forest Seedlings, the Regulations on Fire Prevention in Forest and Grassland, and the Regulations on Protection of Basic Grassland. At present, special legislation on ecological protection is under way, and the Regulations on Ecological Environment Protection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has been drafted. At the same time, many local laws and regulations also make clear provisions on ecological protection. Through the formulation of relevant laws, regulations and management measures, the operability and applicability of the law have been enhanced, which has laid a good legal foundation for realizing ecological protection according to law.

3. Taking engineering construction as an opportunity, ecological protection and industrial structure adjustment have been strengthened. Since 1998, the whole region has implemented ecological projects such as returning farmland to forest and grassland, returning grazing to grassland, which not only increased forest and grass vegetation and improved ecology, but also created conditions for adjusting the industrial structure of agricultural and pastoral areas and developing agricultural and pastoral industrialization. Hailaer District of Hulunbeier City firmly grasps the project of returning farmland to grassland implemented by the state. Since 2000, after four years of unremitting efforts, 65,438+00 mu of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. 654,380+00 mu of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest and grassland will be built, so that the seriously degraded land will be gradually transformed into high-quality grassland and patches of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest. Quercus mongolica forest has remarkable ecological and economic benefits. Ordos City Crossing Ecology

The construction of the project has made the animal husbandry develop from the original extensive nomadic to captive "house feeding" and from overgrazing to "replacing grazing with grass", realizing a win-win road of increasing the income of traditional animal husbandry to modern animal husbandry, increasing the efficiency of enterprises and increasing local taxes.

4. Promote the construction of ecological demonstration areas and comprehensively improve the quality of ecological construction.

In recent years, the autonomous region regards the construction of ecological demonstration zones as the key task of ecological construction, and has successively established 43 ecological demonstration zones in the whole region, including 3 national ecological demonstration zones and 20 autonomous regional ecological demonstration zones. In the construction of ecological demonstration zone, the autonomous region combined with the principles of national ecological demonstration zone construction, adapted to local conditions, and took advantage of the favorable opportunity of ecological demonstration zone construction to take effective measures to protect and restore the ecosystem. Through the formulation of relevant policies and measures, it has provided a strong guarantee for the smooth development of the construction of ecological demonstration areas. By adjusting the industrial structure, cultivating eco-economic industries and accelerating the transformation of economic growth mode, the construction effect of ecological demonstration zone is more stable and the quality of ecological construction is comprehensively improved.

Second, experience and enlightenment

The achievements of ecological construction and protection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region not only benefit from the preferential policies of the state, but also can not be separated from the autonomous region's adherence to the road of coordinating ecological construction with economic development. Through investigation, we believe that Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has many successful experiences in ecological construction and protection, which are worth learning and popularizing.

1. Adhere to the road of combining resource development with ecological protection.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is rich in natural resources. With the development of economy, it will inevitably bring about the development and utilization of resources, and the development of resources will inevitably have an impact on ecology. In view of this reality, in recent years, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region attaches great importance to ecological protection while attaching importance to resource development, and a number of good models have emerged, such as Huaneng Yimin Coal and Electricity Company. Through the integrated production mode of coal and electricity, the company takes the drainage generated by coal mining as the circulating make-up water of the power plant, and uses it to irrigate the grassland after treatment. After the raw coal is produced, it is transported to the power plant through the closed belt corridor and sent to the users by electricity, which is clean and reduces the coal transportation cost. Part of the ash produced after coal-fired power generation backfilled the pit, covered with humus to restore vegetation, forming a virtuous circle of "mining, backfilling and restoration" in coal mining areas. The recycling of water, coal and ash not only effectively utilizes resources, reduces production costs, but also greatly reduces the damage to ecology, organically combines production with ecological construction, and realizes a win-win situation for economic development and ecological protection. Through the on-the-spot investigation of Huaneng Yimin Coal and Electricity Company, we think that the successful practice of Huaneng Yimin Coal and Electricity Company has played an exemplary role in exploring effective ecological protection under the conditions of resource development and should be vigorously promoted.

2. Insist on promoting protection through construction and accelerate the pace of ecological construction.

In recent years, in terms of ecological construction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region insists on the construction of three regions as an important measure and constantly promotes the ecological protection work in the whole region. The first is to grasp the construction of nature reserves. There are 187 nature reserves in the whole region, including 8 national nature reserves and 56 autonomous regions, with a total area of15,665,438+0.87 million hectares, accounting for 13. 19% of the whole region. The second is to grasp the construction of ecological demonstration zones. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region regards the construction of ecological demonstration zones as the key support for the sustainable development of the region's economy and society, and actively guides and regulates the construction and development of ecological demonstration zones at all levels. Hulunbeier City, as a national-level ecological demonstration zone determined by the State Environmental Protection Administration, has successively formulated and issued a number of outlines, schemes and normative documents to guide the construction of Hulunbeier Ecological Demonstration Zone, such as Hulunbeier City Construction Plan and Ecological Function Zoning, highlighting local characteristics in the construction of ecological demonstration zone and continuously improving the level and effectiveness of ecological demonstration zone construction. The third is to focus on the construction of key ecological function protection zones. Horqin sandy land in the lower reaches of Heihe River and the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain has been listed as the pilot of national important ecological function protection zones. The autonomous region also organized eight municipal governments, relevant departments and experts to compile these two important ecological functions on the basis of field investigation.

Planning of protected areas. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region attaches great importance to grassland ecological construction. Grassland is not only the material basis of animal husbandry, but also an important ecological defense line. The grassland area in Inner Mongolia is 65.438+0.32 billion mu, accounting for 74% of the total area. Driven by the demonstration of ecological construction and protection projects, the total scale of grassland construction in the whole region has developed from about 30 million mu per year during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period to 87.499 million mu in 2004. The speed of grassland fence construction has obviously accelerated. In 2000, the scale of fence construction was 6.5438+0.7955 million mu, and in 2002 it reached 55.238 million mu. By 2005, the total area of grassland fences in the whole region will grow to 250 million mu, accounting for 30% of the contracted grassland area. The construction of supporting grass Cullen has also been intensified, and the whole region has grown to more than 40,000, with an irrigation area of more than 3 million mu, which has become an important source of artificial forage. Through grassland construction, the problem of "grassland is bounded and grazing is unbounded" has been solved, and the source and output of forage have been increased, which has laid a solid foundation for reducing the grazing pressure of natural grassland and restoring grassland vegetation.

3. Pay attention to mobilizing social forces and create a situation in which all people participate in ecological construction.

In recent years, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has fully mobilized the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological construction by improving the policy mechanism, forming a situation of national participation. In 2004, more than 32.5 million people in 98 counties (whole region 10 1 county) participated in ecological construction. Ordos City has adopted ecological protection construction policies such as "whoever builds and owns, who jointly builds * * * and who owns it, allowing long-term inheritance" and "one mine, one enterprise manages one mountain and one ditch, and one town builds one park and one district", which has attracted a large number of enterprises and individuals to participate in ecological construction and initially formed a new pattern of social participation and diversified investment. More than 50 enterprises such as Yili, Yitai and Dongda invested more than 300 million yuan to participate in ecological construction, with a construction scale of 2.58 million mu. The contracted area of large-scale afforestation projects has reached 265,438+10,000 mu, and the single afforestation area accounts for more than 80% of the total afforestation area. Urban ecological construction shows a change from the collective and the state as the main body of governance to the diversification of all sectors of society, from simple administrative orders to policy guidance and mechanism incentives. Kubuqi Desert is one of the four major deserts in Inner Mongolia. Since 1989, under the strong advocacy of the local government, many volunteers at home and abroad have come to Ngebei, located on the northern edge of Kubuqi Desert, to carry out mass ecological construction such as desert control, planting trees and grass, and flooding farmland. After 15 years' efforts,160,000 mu of desert was transformed into green space, and Ngebei was built into a national ecological demonstration zone.

4. Pay attention to urban ecological construction and build a green and harmonious city.

Urban ecological construction plays an important role in improving urban environment. Baotou municipal government has always attached great importance to urban ecological construction. The urban green coverage rate and per capita public green area have been greatly improved, and the urban environment has been greatly improved. In urban construction, Baotou takes the construction of "national garden city" as the goal, takes high-starting point and high-level urban planning as the principle, strengthens the legal system construction, relies on the supervision of the masses, strictly stops illegal occupation of green space, raises funds from various sources, and increases investment in urban ecological construction. In recent years, Baotou has vigorously implemented projects such as "greening, beautification, hardening, purification and lighting" to improve the level of urban greening and built more than 30 large-scale green leisure squares with an area of 1 10,000 square meters. The per capita green area of the city reached 10.5 square meters, and the green coverage rate of the built-up area reached 34.5%. It is particularly worth mentioning that Baotou City not only plays an important role in protecting wildlife resources and maintaining ecological diversity, but also effectively improves the urban environmental quality by building Genghis Khan Ecological Park around the urban area and protecting the South China Sea wetland. In 2002, Baotou won the "United Nations Habitat Award" and in 2003 was awarded the title of "National Advanced City in Landscaping". The urban ecological construction in Baotou provides beneficial experience for the urban ecological construction in northern China.

Three. Relevant suggestions

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological defense line in northern Xinjiang. Ecological construction and protection are not only related to the survival and development of people of all ethnic groups in this area, but also related to China.

It is very important to protect and improve the ecology in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China. Because Inner Mongolia is located in the arid and semi-arid area in the north, the special geographical environment and climate characteristics determine the potential fragility and instability of its ecosystem, and also determine the arduousness and long-term nature of ecological construction and protection. Therefore, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region should always correctly handle the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, and the relationship between ecological protection and resource development. According to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, in the process of promoting economic and social development, we should always adhere to the principle of giving priority to ecological protection, continue to take more effective measures, continue to take ecological construction and protection as strategic tasks, and make unremitting efforts to do a good job. Therefore, the following suggestions are put forward.

1. Further improve local laws and regulations and increase protection according to law.

At present, the laws and regulations related to ecological protection in China are mainly embodied in various resource laws, such as water law, grassland law, forest law, fishery law and so on. And there is no unified legislation on ecological protection. It is understood that at present, the People's Congress of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is formulating the Regulations on Ecological Environment Protection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which is not only of great significance to the legalization of ecological protection in the autonomous region, but also of pioneering significance in the whole country. It is suggested that the autonomous region further speed up the legislative process of this law so that this local regulation can be promulgated and implemented as soon as possible. At the same time, due to the vast territory and complex and diverse ecosystems in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of different ecosystems through local legislation, especially the legislation of nature reserves, further clarify the responsibilities of various departments, establish an effective supervision and coordination mechanism, and promote ecological construction and protection.

2. Continuously promote the construction of ecological autonomous regions and improve the level of ecological construction.

Practice has proved that the construction of ecological demonstration area has a positive effect on effective protection and restoration of ecology. In view of the complexity and diversity of ecology in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, including important ecological function areas and ecologically fragile areas, we should pay more attention to the construction of ecological demonstration areas and further promote the construction of ecological autonomous regions through the construction of ecological demonstration areas. Therefore, it is suggested that Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region should adhere to the strategic position of ecological construction on the basis of existing work, and take ecological construction as an important basic work and incorporate it into the long-term development plan of economic and social development. Especially during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we should make unremitting efforts to achieve the goal of stable ecological situation, overall containment and comprehensive improvement of key governance areas in the whole region.

3. Adhere to ecological construction and protection simultaneously.

Inner Mongolia has unique ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and wetlands, which have both important economic value and important ecological functions. Scientific and rational utilization of ecological resources can not only increase the total amount of resources, give full play to its ecological protection function, but also obtain economic benefits. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as an animal husbandry area, grassland is not only an important part of natural ecosystem, but also the material basis for animal husbandry and herders in pastoral areas of the autonomous region to survive. It is very important to pay attention to the construction and protection of grassland ecology. Protecting and building grasslands is not only related to the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry, but also to the development and prosperity of frontier ethnic areas. It is suggested that in the construction of ecological projects, the autonomous region should continue to adhere to the policy of "paying equal attention to protection and construction, giving priority to protection", further improve the relevant policies of ecological protection, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen, and achieve the unity of ecological construction and protection through measures such as grazing prohibition, grazing suspension, rotational grazing and captivity, so as to achieve the fundamental goal of promoting ecological construction and improving the production and living standards of farmers and herdsmen.

4. Adhere to both resource development and ecological protection.

With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization in China, the constraints of resources and environment have become increasingly prominent. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is rich in natural resources, and its economic development will depend more and more on resource development. Adhering to the active, scientific and rational development and utilization of resources is of great significance to the economic and social development of the whole region. Similarly, adhering to the road of paying equal attention to resource development and ecological protection is also of great significance to the ecological protection of the whole region. Therefore, according to economical development, clean development, safe development and sustainable development.

The requirements of sustainable development, actively change the mode of economic growth, improve the level of processing and transformation, extend the industrial chain and improve the level of resource development and utilization. The existing resources should be developed and utilized in a moderate and orderly manner, so that they can neither be idle nor excessively consumed and wasted, and the sustainable utilization of resources can be realized. While developing resources, we must continue to strengthen ecological protection and construction, take a scientific and reasonable road of comprehensive development, and achieve the goal of unifying economic, social and ecological benefits.

5. Further improve the mechanism and consolidate the effectiveness of ecological construction.

Many areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region belong to biodiversity-rich areas, Heyuan areas, important water conservation areas, ecologically sensitive areas and other important ecological function areas, and undertake important ecological protection and construction tasks. However, many local economies in these areas are not developed enough, and the tasks of economic development and ecological protection are very arduous. Therefore, in order to strengthen the protection of important ecological functional areas in Inner Mongolia and promote the development of local economy, the state should make ecological compensation for these special areas. At present, the forest ecological benefit compensation fund system has been formally implemented in the whole country. It is suggested that natural grasslands, wetlands and nature reserves in Inner Mongolia should be gradually brought into the category of national and local ecological compensation in accordance with the compensation policy for ecological public welfare forests, and financial transfer payments should be further increased to promote the construction and development of important ecological areas.

During the investigation, local comrades reported that in recent years, key projects such as returning farmland to forest (grass) implemented by the state have played an important role in improving the ecology of Inner Mongolia, improving the living standards of farmers and herdsmen and developing the local economy. It is suggested that the state continue to increase investment in Inner Mongolia.

The investment in ecological engineering construction in the region should maintain the scale and proportion of the existing investment, and adjust and solve the problems found in the project implementation. For example, the arrangement of returning farmland to forests and grazing to grassland is not large enough; The subsidy for ecological migration is too low to achieve the goal of "moving out, living stably and getting rich"; The cost of management and protection is insufficient, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases and fire prevention measures in the built ecological forest are insufficient.