If man successfully landed on the back of the moon, what scientific research would be carried out?

Chang 'e-4 probe is the latest lunar exploration mission launched by China National Space Administration. China's first two missions to the moon were satellites orbiting the moon, while the third mission launched a lander and a lunar rover, and successfully landed on the front of the moon in 20 13. Chang 'e IV mission includes lander, lunar rover and relay satellite. The goal is to land slowly on the back of the moon.

The moon has circled the earth for more than 4.5 billion years. During this period, the gravity of the earth forces the moon's rotation speed to synchronize with its revolution speed. Therefore, it takes about 28 days for the moon to rotate once and revolve around the earth once. This means that the moon always faces the same side of the earth, and the side we can't see from the earth is the back of the moon.

Perhaps, you have heard that someone called the back of the moon "the dark side", which is actually a bit inappropriate. When the moon revolves around the earth, half of it is always under the sunlight. At the new moon, the front of the moon is in darkness, but the back is actually completely illuminated by the sun. In fact, the back of the moon is even brighter than the front, because there is no dark basin on the front. These dark basins on the front of the moon are often imagined as human faces, jade rabbits or toads.

If you land on the back of the moon, it will be difficult to keep in touch with the earth, because the moon itself will block radio signals. At that time, when Apollo astronauts flew around the moon to the back of the moon, they could not contact the earth at all. The Chang 'e-4 exploration mission solved this problem by using relay satellites. From 2065438 to May 2008, China National Space Administration launched the "Queqiao" satellite into the orbit near Lagrange L2, which is a gravity balance point farther than the moon. The gravity from the earth and the moon will counteract the centripetal force of the objects here, so the satellite can stay here. Queqiao satellite is in a position where we can always see the back of the moon and the earth clearly, bridging the communication gap between the ground control center and the Chang 'e-4 lander.