A research report on Xia's surname

1. Origin of surnames

1. Originated from the surname of Si.

According to legend, during Emperor Yao's reign, Gun's wife, a girl named Xin, gave birth to Yu because she ate Coix lachryma in her dream, so Emperor Yao gave Yu the surname Gui. Later, Yu managed the flood, guided the people to build ditches and develop agriculture, and led the troops to quell the Three Miao Rebellion, so that the people could live and work in peace and contentment. In recognition of his great achievements, Shun made him in the summer (now the east of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and later passed on the throne to him. After Xia Yu's death, his son succeeded to the throne and established the first slave country in China's history-Xia Dynasty. For more than 4 years, Xia Liguo was passed down to 13 generations and 16 kings. Later, it was overthrown by Shang Tang because Xia Emperor Jie was tyrannical and heartless, and the Xia royal family took the country as their surname, which was called Xia.

2, from the surname.

in the early years of the Zhou dynasty in the 11th century BC, the vassal was enfeoffed, and the descendant of Xia Yu, Dong Lou Gong, was enfeoffed in Qi (now Qi County, Henan Province) as Qi Hou. By the time of Jian Gong, it was destroyed by the State of Chu. Jian Gong's younger brother Tuo (Ben Gui's surname) went out to Lu, and Lu Daogong was named Xiahou (compound surname) because he was a descendant of Xia Yu, and his descendants took Xia as their surname and called Xia Shi.

3. From the surname of Gui.

take the word Wang Fu as the surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the King of Wu was filled with Chen after he was granted the title of Emperor Shun, and established the State of Chen, with Wanqiu as his capital, in order to be worshipped by Emperor Shun. History is called Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when it was spread to the 16th monarch, Chu Jiu, there was an illegitimate son named Zi Xi and Zi Xia. His grandson, Zheng Shu, took the word of Wang Fu (grandfather) as his surname, which was called Xia Zhengshu, followed by Xia.

4. change your surname or something else.

Taiwan Province's indigenous Hayawan family changed its surname to Xia; In the Ming Dynasty, Qi Lutai was given the name Xia Gui; Tujia, Mongolian, Hui, Manchu and other ethnic groups have Xia surname.

5. The ancestor of the surname is Xia Qi.

It is said that after the death of Emperor Yu, his son Qi broke the abdication system and acceded to the throne, establishing the first slave country in history-the Xia Dynasty. In 4 years of Xia Liguo, * * * spread to 13 generations and 16 kings. At the end of the reign, Xia Jie was tyrannical and heartless, and Chinese people resented him. At this time, Shang Tang, a descendant of Huangdi's surname, was deeply supported by virtue. In the 16th century BC, when Shang Tang destroyed the Xia Dynasty and established the Shang Dynasty, the Xia royal family took the country as their surname, which was called Xia surname. Xia Qi was regarded as the ancestor of Xia's surname because of his position as the founding monarch.

Second, the distribution of migration

Xia's family name is very early, so with the continuous change of the times, the diaspora is particularly extensive.

Xia's surname originated in present-day Henan and Anhui provinces. Generally speaking, before Qin Dynasty and Qin Dynasty, Xia's surname mainly lived and multiplied in the Central Plains, and moved to Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other places. For example, Xia Zheng Shu Chuan went to Fu Shichen (now in Henan) in the 4th Sunxia District as a doctor, and Yu Koushiqi (now in eastern Shandong) of Sun Xia origin as a doctor. Xia Wuqie (roughly from Xia's family in Shaanxi Province) was the physician of Qin Shihuang. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there were generations (now northwest Hebei, central and northern Shanxi, etc.) who talked about Xia; The Xia family in Anhui is descended from a part of Xia royal family who fled to Nanchao with Wang Jie.

Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xia surname was mainly active in the vast areas of northern China, especially in the Central Plains.

Xia's southward migration began in the Han Dynasty. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, Huanggong Xia was a Yin (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). Xia Fang was born in Jiujiang (now Jiangxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Xia surname in Zhejiang was the most prosperous in this period. Therefore, it was said that Xia surname would look forward to the county. The ancestor was Xia Tong, a senior scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, and this county was also the largest family in the development history of Xia surname. During this period, the Xia surname in the north was displaced due to war and turmoil, and its development was sluggish compared with that in the south.

The Tang Dynasty was a clean and honest government, and the Xia surname was in a period of budding. The Xia surname in the north revived its homeland and grew stronger, while the South prospered on the basis of the previous generation.

After the Song Dynasty, Xia's famous people were everywhere. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xia Song, who was involved in politics, was born in Jiangzhou De 'an (now Jiangxi). Xia Cheng, a native of Longyang (now Hanshou, Hunan); In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were painters Xia Gui and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

There were painters such as Xia Di in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Xia Yunyi and Songjiang Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). Painter Xia Chang, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province; Xia Yan, the prime minister, is from Jiangxi. In addition, in the early Ming Dynasty, the Xia surname of Shanxi Sophora japonica moved to Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other places.

Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty were the novelist Xia Jingqu, a native of Jiangsu; Historian Xia Xie was born in Anhui. In addition, in the late Qing Dynasty, Xia from Fujian, Guangdong and other places crossed the sea and entered Taiwan, and then moved to Singapore and other places.

In short, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the branch of Xia surname extended more widely, and Jiangnan area was regarded as the breeding place. After long-term reproduction, the distribution center of Xia surname moved to Jiangnan area. Today, it is widely distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sanhubei, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. Today, the Xia surname is mostly distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the population of these two provinces accounts for about 4% of the Han Xia surname population in China.

Xia is the 55th most popular surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about .39% of the Han population in China.

III.No. of County Wangtang

No. of Hall

"Pingshuitang": Xia Yu was away from home for 13 years, but he didn't enter the house after three times. The flood was finally cured, and Shun gave him the throne. Xia surname also takes "Huiji" as the hall name.

"Zhengdetang": During the Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty (156-1521), Xia Ru, the daughter of Xia's ancestor, became the empress of Ming Wuzong, and Xia Ru became the official of the country, and was named Qingyin Bo by Ming Wuzong. Later generations commemorated their ancestors, so they named the hall "Zhengde Hall" after the name "Zhengde" of Ming Wuzong. The Xia family in Xinghua takes Zhengdetang as its emblem.

In addition, the main Tang numbers of Xia surname are Huijitang, Wu Ben Hall, Yuanyuantang, Shangzhongtang, Sixiao Hall, Mingdetang, Jukui Hall, Yiai Hall and Helai Hall.

County View

Huiji County: In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), he set up a county in Wu and Yue, and ruled in Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the Western Han Dynasty, it was equivalent to the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu and the east of Maoshan, most of Zhejiang Province (except only a few areas west of Tianmu Mountain and Chun 'an County) and Fujian Province. This Xia family belongs to the Xia family of Gao Shi in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xia surname in this county has a celebrity after receiving the surname, which is recorded in the historical records. For example, in the summer of Qin dynasty, he was the doctor of Qin Shihuang; Xia Kuan, a historian in Yincheng of the Western Han Dynasty, and Xia Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, are equally famous as James Zhang and Fan Pang. Xia Gong, a surname of Mount Tai, and Xia Tong, a filial son of the Jin Dynasty, are all outstanding figures of the Xia family in Huiji County.

qiaocheng county: in the last years of Jian' an in the eastern Han dynasty, qiaocheng county was set up in parts from Pei county, and it was located in qiaocheng county (now Hao county, Anhui province).

Levin County: the county was established by Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was ruled in Levin (now east of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). At the beginning of Jin and Tai Dynasties, Levin was established, where Bolu was ruled (now south of Lixian County, Hebei Province). The Northern Wei Dynasty was changed to a county and moved to Levin.

Lu County: In the early Western Han Dynasty, Xue County was changed to Lu State, and Lu County (now Qufu, Shandong Province) was the place where it ruled.

Fourth, historical celebrities

Xia Yu (Dayu): the founding monarch of the Xia Dynasty. The grandson of Zhuan Xu, surnamed Yu. Because of his meritorious service in the flood control, he was given the title of Emperor by Shun Zen, and was called Dayu in the world. After eight years in office, he died, passed on to Ziqi, and started the system of hereditary monarchy. Also known as Xia Houshi. Yu is a water-control hero known to China people. He kept indoors for three times. Being the son of heaven, keeping true colors, being close to the people and making profits for the people is a model monarch under the imperial monarchy system.

Xia Yu: a famous warrior who is famous for defending the country. It is said that he can pull out the ox tail with great strength.

Xia Wuqie: The doctor who attended the assassination of the King of Qin in Jing Ke was named as the "Biography of the Assassin" in Historical Records because of "catching Jing Ke with a medicine bag".

Xia Qin, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a magistrate of Jingwan County, a prefect of Lingling (now Hunan Province), and a Stuart, and was known for his talents.

Xia Gong: a highly respected scholar during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Xia Gong was the most prestigious professor of Yi-ology at that time. He once taught more than 1 students, which was full of peaches and plums.

Huanggong Xia: Yin (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) was a hermit in the Western Han Dynasty. He once avoided Qin and hid in the Shang Mountain, and became one of the "Four Hao".

Xia Houxuan: Minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period. Jing Hyunri, as one of the founders of metaphysics, is known as one of the "Four Intellectuals".

Xia Zhan: an outstanding painter in Jin Dynasty, who worked on figures and statues. His works have been included in books such as Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties and Book Integration.

Xia Zhizhong: A native of Yichun (now Yichun, Jiangxi Province), he was an envoy in the Song Dynasty and became famous for his sages. It is said that the imperial court held a celebration ceremony, and everyone competed to present rare things, holding a unique book in China, "One person has a celebration, and there is no limit to longevity".

Xia Gui: an outstanding painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. In his early years, he painted figures, and later he was famous for his landscape paintings. At the same time as Ma Yuan, it is known as "Ma Xia". The style of painting is free and easy, blending the painting methods of Li Tang, Fan Kuan and Mi Fei. With a bald pen and water as a big axe, the composition is mostly half or a corner, which is called "Xia Banbian".

Xia Di: A famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, he is good at landscape and bamboo stones, especially at painting pines.

Xia Yan: a native of Guixi, Jiangxi Province, was a minister of rites and a university student of Wuyingdian in Jiajing of Ming Dynasty. He was in power as a leader and assistant, and twice became a relative.

Xia Yin: a native of Huating, Songjiang (now Shanghai), a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, went to Zhejiang to participate in politics. His theory of "a gentleman cherishes three things" is passed down as a famous saying.

Xia Chang: a native of Kunshan (now Kunshan, Jiangsu Province), was a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty. He is not only good at painting, but also good at writing and poetry; His poems are clear and beautiful, and his calligraphers are writing in block letters. His paintings are good at writing bamboo stones, which was the first at that time. It is said that "a bamboo in Zhongzhao is ten ingots of gold in the south of the Yangtze River". After the Song Dynasty, it was the most glorious period of Xia surname in the field of literature.

Xia Yuanji, a native of Huguang Xiangyin (now Hunan Province), was a minister of the Ming Dynasty. He was the head of the household department of Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande Dynasties. He presided over the finance for 27 years, and his support was correct. He had made great achievements in defining taxes and duties, clearing warehouses, widely planting seeds and repairing water.

Xia Chongzhi: a native of Xiangyin, he was a scholar during the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and his official position was as high as that of a servant, Shao Qing. He once told the emperor five things about current affairs, explained their advantages and disadvantages, and had a sense of being ahead of the times.

Xia Wanchun, a native of Songjiang, Shanghai, was a righteous man who resisted the Qing Dynasty in Nanming. Born early and wise, he joined the anti-Qing struggle with his father at the age of fourteen His book was compiled as Xia Wanchun Collection.

Xia Jingqu: a native of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, was a novelist in the Qing Dynasty. I travel all my life and travel everywhere. Believe in Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. He is the author of the novel "Wild Sour Exposes Words".

Xia Xie: a native of Dangtu, Anhui Province, was a historian of the Qing Dynasty. He didn't fully understand go-vern-ment's traitorous behavior, strongly protested the invasion of foreign enemies, appreciated the Chinese people's rebellious spirit, and wrote a book "Chronicle of China and the West".

Xia Gaizun, a famous writer from Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, has a lot of works, including Life and Literature, Essays on Flat Houses and other translations of Socialism and Evolution.

Xia Minghan, a native of Hengyang, Hunan Province, was a famous proletarian revolutionary martyr who gave his life heroically for the cause of people's liberation in China. In the execution poem: "Kill Xia Minghan, and there will be later generations." It shows the revolutionary integrity of a Communistparty person.

Appendix 1: Xia surname among Hui people

It is said that it was taken from the initials of Xia Buluhanding, who came to Quanzhou from the west during the reign of Emperor Qing of Yuan Dynasty (1312-1313) and later applied to preside over the mosque education. At that time, Chabuluhandin was highly regarded as "the Xia (elder) of Islam." Therefore, it is said that the Xia surname in the Hui nationality is called "Xia" from Xia Bu Lu Han Ding's educational administration. In addition, Xia Naimadang, the grave keeper of Sulu East King who came to China during the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, lived and multiplied in the local area and became the ancestor of Xia Hui people in Beiying, Dezhou, Shandong Province. In Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, there is the Xia surname of Mingdetang. Xia's original genealogy was destroyed in Yangzhou in the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), it was re-compiled by Zi Henggong, the ancestor of Chinese medicine practitioners in Zhenjiang and Nanjing. In the preface, there is a record that my family has settled in Yangzhou since the Ming Dynasty, and it has been five hundred years, and it has been passed down for thirty generations. In 1983, Rong Guang, a descendant of Zhenjiang (Xia), established a new loose-leaf spectrum on this basis, and added two crosses after the generation cross. " ("Zhenjiang Hui") The Hui nationality of Xia surname is mostly in the northwest.

Attachment 2: General couplets of the ancestral hall of Xia surname

[Four-character general couplets of the ancestral hall of Xia surname]

Huiji Shize;

family style of ministers.

—— General couplet of ancestral hall of Xia surname written anonymously

The couplet refers to the "Huiji" of the county magistrate of Xia surname, and expresses the worship of Xia Yu through the county magistrate. The second couplet refers to and praises Xia Yuanji, the distant ancestor of Xia's surname, who was in charge of finance for 27 years in the five dynasties of Hongwu, Jianwen, Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande in Ming Dynasty, and "got a gift for his political ability and had the style of an ancient minister".

ranked among the top four;

there are three cases of wanghe.

—— General couplet of Xia ancestral hall written anonymously

The couplet refers to Huanggong Xia, a hermit in the Han Dynasty, who was born in Yin. It is one of the "four Hao" to avoid Qin and hide in the Shang Mountain. He lived in seclusion in Xiali, so he was named Huanggong Xia. The second couplet refers to Xia Fu, a famous person in the Han Dynasty, who was ruled by the word Zi Zi. When emperor Huan first spoke frankly, he didn't. It's called the fear of the middle officials.

Ming Lian si Hao;

there are three cases of wanghe.

—— General couplet of Xia ancestral hall written anonymously

The couplet refers to Huanggong Xia, a native of Yinxian County in the late Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, who lived in seclusion in Shangshan with Dong Yuangong, Qi Liji and Jiao (Lu Yinlu) and was called "Four Nobles in Shangshan". The second couplet refers to Xia Fu, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who ruled by the word Zi Zi. In the early years of Emperor Huan, he said bluntly that he would not go. Although he didn't deal with officials at that time, his reputation was feared by authoritarian eunuchs, and he was falsely accused with Fan Pang, James Zhang and others, so he had to flee his hometown, change his name and become a servant.

A true prime minister

A minister's style

—— A general couplet of Xia's ancestral hall written anonymously

The couplet refers to Xia Song, a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, whose name is Joe; A native of De 'an, Jiangzhou, was smart and eager to learn when he was a teenager. He was familiar with classics, philosophers, laws and Buddhism, and his articles were elegant and flowery. Li Guan Guang Lu Si Cheng, Li Bu Lang Zhong, Deng Zhou Zhi Zhou, Zhi Zhi Letters, Tang Mi Fu, and Shen Zhi politics, etc., Ren Zong was then prime minister, and was appointed as the British Duke. Be good at making friends. He is the author of Wen Zhuang Collection, etc. The second couplet refers to Xia Yuanji, a native of Xiangyin, Huguang, Ming Dynasty, whose name was Wei Zhe. He entered the Imperial College in Hongwu years, and Mao used it as the head of the household department, and when he became an ancestor, he became an official. During the Yongle period, he went to the Soviet Union and Songsong to control water and dredge the Wusong River, which was fruitful. Later, he was imprisoned for remonstrance, and Renzong was reinstated as an official after he acceded to the throne. He served as the minister of finance in Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande dynasties for 27 years and never made any mistakes. There is "Xia Zhongjing Collection".

Tu Shan Kairui;

Liang was a disciple.

—— The general couplet of Xia's ancestral hall was written anonymously.

The couplet refers to the legend that Yu married Tu Shanshi, and his successor was Shunchan, and his country was named Xia, so his descendants took Xia as their surname. The second couplet refers to Han Xia Gong's study of Korean poetry, and he taught more than a thousand students with the Book of Changes.

imparting flowing water;

the source goes back to Tu Shan.

—— The general couplet of Xia ancestral hall was written anonymously

This couplet is the "Pingshuitang" couplet of Xia ancestral hall. The All-China Federation says that Xia Yu has been in charge of water control for 13 years, and he has gone home three times without entering the allusions.

one person has a celebration;

long life is boundless.

—— The general couplet of Xia's ancestral hall written by Xia Zhizhong in Song Dynasty

This couplet is a filial piety couplet for Xia Zhizhong, our envoy in Song Dynasty. Xia Zhi is from Yichun. After my elder sister became a filial piety, I served as an official in our national army. The imperial court celebrated people, and people competed to present rare things. They held the unique book "One person celebrates, and the longevity is boundless" to make progress, and people benefited from it.

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xiliang ten ingots of gold.

—— The general couplet of Xia's ancestral hall was written anonymously.

The general couplet refers to Xia Jing (1388-147), a painter in Ming Dynasty, who was too often in charge of Qing Dynasty and was good at painting ink bamboo, and had the reputation of "Xia Qing is a bamboo, and the west is cool with ten ingots of gold".

five things about Chongwen and Chen;

a just husband is precious and three treasures are precious.

-well