The establishment of the Japanese army during World War II?

Japanese military institutions during World War II

1. class: each class of the Japanese army 13 people, including the squad leader, four machine gun shooters and eight riflemen. There is a light machine gun with four people (commander, shooter and two assistant shooters with ammunition). These four men are equipped with self-defense pistols and sometimes carry rifles in combat (except machine gun shooters); The remaining eight riflemen each have a rifle. In the specially reinforced troops, the reinforced class will be equipped with 50 mm Grenade launchers carried by two people.

2. Class: One class of the Japanese army has three classes prepared as mentioned above and one Grenade class equipped with three Grenade launchers. ***54 people.

3. Squadron: A standard Japanese infantry squadron of 180 people includes: a squadron of 19 people: squadron leader, executive officer, 3 non-commissioned officers, 4 medics, officer orderlies, trumpeter and 8 communicators), and the above-mentioned three teams of 54 people.

4. Brigade: a standard Japanese military brigade with 1 100 personnel, including a brigade headquarters with 30 personnel and a transport squadron with 1 10 personnel (carts, mules and horses). Some brigades have incorporated their own transport squadrons into the United front. The four infantry squadrons mentioned above (some only have three); A machine gun squadron, 174 people (company 14 people, 3 machine gun platoons, 1 ammunition platoons), each platoon has 4 heavy machine guns, totaling 12 people (some companies only have 8); A 55-person artillery platoon (1 platoon 10, 1 ammunition squad 15, two 15 artillery squads each 1 70mm 92 infantry guns), and very few troops are equipped with/kloc. In these gun companies, lucky troops with 20MM anti-tank guns can be divided into 4 platoons, equipped with 24 people and 2 anti-tank guns. In this case, the ammunition platoon should be expanded to 39 people.

5. Wing: A standard 3,800-member wing of the Japanese army includes a 54-member headquarters; 12 1 person (carts, mules and horses) transport daily supplies for regimental headquarters and directly affiliated companies, and may also belong to the division's field kitchen; An ammunition platoon 8 1 person carries ammunition for one day. Three infantry brigades; An artillery squadron 122 people, including a company with 25 people, 1 observation class, an ammunition platoon with 3/kloc-0 people and three artillery platoons with 3/kloc-0 people (each with two artillery platoons 15 people and equipment1) Several wings have an artillery brigade of 364 people and two squadrons of 170 people, each with four guns. Joint anti-tank squadron 122 personnel: 20 personnel in the company, 2/KLOC-0 personnel in the ammunition platoon and 33 personnel in three artillery platoons (each equipped with two 37mm anti-tank guns). The communication squadron has a telephone platoon (4-6 telephone classes with 3 telephones and a switch in each class) and a radio platoon (5-8 radio stations). During the battle, telephones and radio stations were assigned to each brigade and each directly affiliated team. The sanitary system of the wing is very weak. There are only two doctors and two medics in the wing, three doctors and four medics in the brigade and four medics in the squadron.

6. Divisions: Japanese divisions mainly include: 3 infantry wings, 1 field artillery wing, 1 reconnaissance wing, 1 engineering wing, 1 transport wing and 1 communication team. There are 2,322 field artillery regiments and 688 artillery brigades under its jurisdiction, each equipped with 12 75mm field artillery or mountain artillery. Only some divisions replaced one of the brigades with105mm guns. The reconnaissance wing consists of 730 people, including a wing 130 people, a cavalry squadron 130 people (30 people in four platoons), two motorized squadrons 160 people, 1 truck transport squadron 100 people (at least on paper) The engineering wing consists of 900- 1000 people, with almost no mechanical equipment and only a few tasks. More professional tasks are mainly carried out by the affiliated independent engineering wing. The size of the wing usually depends on the number of trucks available. Theoretically, it consists of a truck brigade and a caravan of mules and horses. The truck brigade consists of two or three squadrons, each with a maximum of 50 trucks and a load of 1.5 tons. Many divisions lack trucks, and some don't have them at all.

A Japanese division has 54 75mm field guns or mountain guns, and a few divisions have replaced the 75mm guns with12105mm guns. As for trucks, the Japanese army has at most 100- 150 trucks.

In the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, with the development of the front line and behind enemy lines, in order to meet the needs of different combat scales, the Japanese army divided divisions into four levels: A, B, C and D. At the same time, in wartime, the Japanese army allocated special forces and supplementary personnel to each division, so that one division could command more than 40,000 people.

1. Four divisions: also known as Wan/Bao Ma Division and Class A Division. It has two brigades (two infantry brigades per brigade), one for workers, one for cyclists and one for artillery (48 guns), and eight brigades. Generally, the Japanese army's standing main force divisions can reach 24,000-28,000 people, including 7,630 war horses, 65,438 mounted guns+04,900 grenades, 288 light machine guns, 54 heavy machine guns, 65,438 mountain guns +06 guns, 36 field guns and other weapons and equipment. It is a combat unit with multiple arms working together and strong combat effectiveness, so this division is also called Class A Division. The first to twentieth divisions of the Japanese army, the guards' divisions, the guards' divisions 2 and 3, the chariots' divisions 1, 2 and 3, and the eight divisions that were compiled by the reserve forces of the standing main divisions all belong to the preparation of Class A divisions.

(1) Troop cavalry division personnel equipment:

Division headquarters: personnel 330, horses: 165, all kinds of guns 95, non-motor vehicles 63.

Brigade: personnel 75, horses 20, various guns 36, non-motor vehicles 4.

Infantry wing: personnel 3747, Ma 526, various guns 2590, various guns 14, Grenade launcher 76, non-motor vehicle 256.

Infantry brigade: personnel 109 1, horses 1 18.

Infantry squadron: personnel 194, various artillery 174, 6 grenade launchers.

Field artillery wing: personnel 2894, Ma 2269, various guns 48, various guns 54 1.

Field artillery brigade: personnel 634, Ma 499, field artillery 12.

Field artillery squadron: personnel 128, ma 184, field artillery 4.

Cavalry wing: personnel 452, horses 429, various guns 320.

Cavalry squadron: personnel 144, horse 134.

Corps of Engineers: Personnel 672, Ma 99.

Engineer squadron: personnel 286, Ma 19.

Division Communication Group: Personnel 255, Ma 47.

Fortress wing: personnel 346 1, Ma 26 12.

Trench squadron: personnel 562, Ma 376.

Division health team: personnel 1 10 1, ma 128.

Weapon service team: personnel 12 1.

Field hospital: 240 people.

Total: about 25,000 people in each division and 7,800 people in each brigade.

(2) Standing personnel and equipment of the Four Horses Force:

Division headquarters: personnel 39 1, ma 239.

Brigade: personnel 80, horses 25.

Infantry wing: personnel 38 18, mayo 720.

Infantry brigade: personnel 1 150, horses 180.

Infantry squadron: personnel 194.

Cavalry wing: personnel 508, Mayo 32 1.

Artillery wing: 3,699 personnel, 3,600 horses and 48 guns.

Mountain artillery brigade: personnel 999, Ma 720, artillery 12.

Mountain artillery squadron: personnel 195, ma 138, artillery 4.

Engineer wing: personnel 7 19, ma 150.

Engineer squadron: about 300 people.

A team of trench soldiers: personnel 4890, horses 4260, equipment 3882.

Trench squadron: personnel 684, Ma 598.

Division Communication Team: Personnel 289, Ma 84.

Division health team: personnel 1328, ma 163.

Weapon service team: personnel 12 1.

Field hospital: about 300 people.

Total: 28,500 people per division and 7,900 people per brigade.

(3) Temporary three sets of personnel and equipment of horse-leading division:

The division has an infantry regiment, which has three infantry wings. The division also has a division search team, a field artillery wing, an engineering wing, a trench wing, a communication team, a health team, a weapons service team, a sick horse factory and two field hospitals.

Division headquarters: personnel 9 1, horse 22, carriage 8.

Infantry headquarters: personnel 7, horse 3.

Infantry wing: personnel 2909, Ma 179.

Division search team: personnel 3 19, ma 185.

Field artillery wing: personnel 1745, ma 1259.

Corps of Engineers: Personnel 402, Ma 15, Che 2.

Division communication group: personnel 178, Ma 30.

Fort wing: 370 people, 1 13 horses, 50 carriages.

Division health team: personnel 376, Ma 47.

Field hospital: personnel 239, Ma 87.

Sick horse factory: personnel 48, Ma 1 1.

Weapon service team: personnel 132.

The total number of the whole division is about12,800, and the infantry is about 8,700.

(4) Class C Division: Class C Division consists of two infantry brigades, each consisting of four independent infantry brigades, as well as an engineering team, a communication team, a trench team, a field hospital and a sick horse factory. Personnel: The staffing of Class C Division has changed greatly in different periods. In general, there are about 565,438+000 infantry brigades and 65,438+0270 independent infantry brigades, making a total of about 65,438+065,438+0980.

2, 37 standard division: 2 brigades, each brigade has 2 wings, each wing is equipped with 4 4 1 mountain guns, 4 37 guns, 6 92-step guns and 24 heavy machine guns. 1 wings and 48 guns, including 36 38-type 75mm mountain guns and 12100mm guns. * * * 25375 people.

3, 37 special division: 2 brigades, each brigade has 2 wings, each wing is equipped with 3 4 1 mountain guns, 6 92-step guns and 8 heavy machine guns. 1 field artillery wing, 36 38-type 75mm field artillery. 2 1902 people.

4. Three-unit division, also known as B, C and D division. It has jurisdiction over infantry regiments. The infantry regiment has three infantry regiments, and the infantry regiment has three infantry brigades and one infantry gun squadron (four infantry guns). The infantry brigade has no artillery unit, the artillery wing has 24-36 mountain guns or wild guns, the cavalry wing has been changed to the search wing, and other logistics units such as the trench and engineers have also been greatly reduced, with the establishment number of 13000- 18000.

After the Battle of Wuhan, due to the expansion of the battlefield and the consumption of the war, the Japanese army put more and more divisions and independent mixed brigades of three arms into the front line. So the Japanese army adjusted its establishment and supplemented the logistics forces of the divisions of the three units, bringing the total number to 1.5- 1.7 million. The infantry brigade of the independent mixed brigade was changed to 4 infantry squadrons and 1 machine gun squadron, with a total number of 6000-7000 people. The establishment is limited to the first-line troops, and the garrison troops are still the original establishment. In addition, it began to change the four-unit division into three-unit division.

After 1938, due to the huge consumption of Japanese imperialism in the war of aggression against China, the 2nd1to 49th divisions formed afterwards all cancelled the brigade-level organizational system, and the divisions were directly under three infantry regiments, each of which had three infantry battalions, and also commanded artillery, engineers, cavalry regiments, trench regiments and other troops, and the total number of divisions was reduced to/kloc-0. There are 8940 rifles, 2 16 Grenade launchers, 2 16 light machine guns, 54 heavy machine guns, 18 flat guns, 12 mountain guns and other weapons and equipment. This type of Japanese branch is called the second branch.

194 1 After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese front was stretched again, and the men were even more scarce, so the third-class division began to be formed. This unit, known as the third-level division, has resumed its brigade organization, but cancelled the wing below the brigade, that is, each division has two brigades, each brigade has four infantry brigades directly under it, and the whole division has eight infantry brigades, plus the artillery brigade, engineering brigade, trench brigade and communication brigade directly under the division, with a total strength of 1.3 million. Equipped with 2550 chargers, 6500 mounted rifles, 192 Grenade launchers, 65438 light machine guns +092 artillery, 48 heavy machine guns, 16 flat guns, 32 mortars, 12 field guns and other weapons and equipment, the 50 th division of the Japanese army to/kloc-0.

By the autumn of 1944, the allied counter-offensive approached Japan, and Japan began to form Ding Division to prepare for the "decisive battle at home". The organizational structure of Division D is roughly the same as that of Division C, except that there are few special forces, automatic firearms and heavy firearms. All numbered divisions after Division 1 10 belong to this division.

5.37 The 3 arms division of the system has 3 wings, and each wing is equipped with 12 guns. 1 artillery regiment (12 guns, including 8 38 type 75mm field guns and 4 100 mm howitzers), with a total of12,689 people.

6.4 1 Division has three wings, each wing is equipped with six 92-step guns, 24 heavy machine guns, 108 light machine guns and six automatic guns. 1 infantry grenade wing, 8 guns, including 4 mountain guns and 4 37 guns. 1 war motorcade and 15 tanks/armored vehicles. 1 artillery wing, 32 guns, including 24 90mm guns and 8 150 howitzers. There are 12605 people.

7.4 1 Public Security Division has three wings, each wing is equipped with 3 guns of 4 1 type, 4 guns of 37 guns, 24 heavy machine guns, 72 light machine guns and 5 armored vehicles. 1 wild artillery wing and 36 guns, including 24 38-type 75mm wild guns and 12100mm guns. 13500 people.

8. 4 1 Left-behind Division has three wings, and each wing is equipped with 4 1 type 4 guns, 37-type 4 guns and 92-type 6 guns. 1 wild artillery wing, 12 guns, including 8 38-type 75mm wild guns and 4 100 mm guns. 1 rapid fire gun, 12 47mm gun. There are 14342 people.

9. Chariot division

The Japanese army also had a huge tank force during World War II. The Japanese army began to develop tanks from 1925, and set up tank troops from 1929. But in the early days, it was mostly organized by the tank wing and belonged to the army division. It was not until 1936 that the Japanese First Tank Brigade was established in Gongzhuling, Northeast China. 1June, 942, the Japanese army established the first, second and third chariot divisions in Ning 'an, Boli and Baotou in Suiyuan, Northeast China.1June, 944, China established the fourth chariot division. Japanese chariot divisions are generally equipped with 100 light tanks, 335 medium tanks, 1272 vehicles, 36 guns, 12 anti-aircraft guns, 4 field guns, 12 rapid-fire guns, 6 flat-fire guns, 18 heavy machine guns and so on. During the preparations for the "decisive battle at home", the Japanese army also set up the first, second, third, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth independent chariot brigades. However, Japanese tanks and armored vehicles were vulnerable to Soviet and American attacks in World War II because they had a certain gap with advanced industrial countries in Europe and America in firepower, speed and armor protection.

Other intransitive verbs:

The rank of Japanese army * * * is 6 and 16, that is, general, lieutenant general, lieutenant general, lieutenant general, lieutenant general, warrant officer, Cao Chang (staff sergeant), sergeant (corporal), private first class, private first class and private second class. The Japanese army also has the rank of marshal, but it is stipulated that the Japanese emperor should select and appoint generals with outstanding military achievements or senior experience and award the title of marshal. From the Meiji Restoration to the surrender of Japanese imperialism in 1945, * * * 17 army generals were awarded the rank of marshal by the Emperor. Japanese ranks are different from those of some countries. There are only three stars on the collars and epaulettes of captains, colonels and generals instead of four. In the Japanese army, the military commander is usually the rank of lieutenant general or general, the division commander is mostly the rank of lieutenant general, the brigade commander is mostly the rank of major general (some are also the rank of lieutenant general), the wing commander is mostly the rank of lieutenant or colonel, the captain is mostly the rank of junior assistant or captain, the mid-team leader is mostly the rank of lieutenant, and the monitor is mostly the rank of second lieutenant.

In terms of infantry, officers below the squadron leader March on foot, and captains and joint captains above the squadron leader ride horses.

In the infantry wing, the military horse is mainly responsible for weapons transportation, ammunition and supply handling. Take Type 92 heavy machine gun squad as an example. Type 92 heavy machine gun weighs 55 kilograms, so each class has five pack horses (one of which is a reserve horse). In addition to carrying machine guns, the standard for carrying ammunition is that each horse needs to carry four 540 rounds of ammunition boxes. However, considering the influence of long-term marching in wartime, in fact, each horse is based on the principle of carrying two boxes.

In the artillery wing, if the wild guns are not counted in the guns themselves, only the auxiliary vehicles of each gun-ammunition car, observation car and reserve car-need three horses. As far as mountain artillery is concerned, after the mountain artillery is decomposed, six horses carry it, and each ammunition carries 12 shells.