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The Republican Party, also commonly known as the Republican Party, is one of the two major political parties in contemporary America, and the other is the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854, it dominated national politics for most of the time from 1860 to 1932. There have been 18 Republican presidents. The first one is abraham lincoln, whose term of office is from 186 1 to 1865, and the last one is George W. Bush, whose term of office is from 200 1 to 2009. The latest Republican presidential candidate is former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.

At present, the party's platform is basically based on American conservatism, which is in sharp contrast with the Democratic Party, whose members support more liberal policies. The conservatism of the American Republican Party is not entirely based on the rejection of liberal political ideology; Some principles of American conservatism are based on classical liberalism. [4] More precisely, the conservatism of the Republican Party is largely based on its support for classical principles, while opposing the modern liberalism of the Democratic Party. In contemporary American political discourse, modern liberalism is considered to be American-style liberalism. [4]

In the113rd Congress, which was elected in February 2006, the Republican Party has a majority in the House of Representatives and a minority in the Senate. The party currently holds most of the positions of governors and most of the state legislatures.

history

Main article: the history of the Republican Party in the United States.

Jianguo and19th century

Abraham lincoln, the first Republican president (1861–1865)

The Republican Party was founded on 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, former Whigs and former Free Soil Party in the northern states, and soon became the dominant Southern Democratic Party and the main opposition party of the short-lived ignorant party. The main reason was opposition to kansas-nebraska act, which abolished the Missouri Compromise Act, which prohibited slavery from entering Kansas. Northern Republicans regarded the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting was held in a school in Ripon, Wisconsin on March 20th. At the meeting, it was proposed to use the name "Republican Party" to represent a new anti-slavery party. [5]

The first official party conference was held in Jackson, Michigan on July 6, 1965. By 1858, the Republican Party controlled almost all the northern states. The Republican Party first came to power in 1860, Lincoln was elected president, and the Republican Party controlled the Congress and the northern states. In the American civil war and reconstruction, it supervised the federal rescue, the end of slavery and the provision of equal rights to all people. [6]

The original Republican base was in the northeast and the upper midwest. With the reorganization of political parties and voters in the third party system, John C. Fremont's strong performance in the 1856 presidential election shows that it dominates most northern states.

The early Republican ideology was reflected in the slogan 1856 "free labor, free land, free man", which was created by Senator Salmon P. Chase of Ohio (later Treasury Secretary and Chief Justice of the United States). [7] "Free labor" refers to the Republican Party's opposition to slave labor and its belief in independent craftsmen and businessmen. "Free land" refers to the Republic that opposes the plantation system. Slave owners can buy all the fertile fields and leave the rest to farmers. The party tried to curb the expansion of slavery, which would lead to the collapse of slave power and the expansion of freedom. [8]

On behalf of the rapidly developing western states, Lincoln won the Republican nomination with 1860, and then won the presidency. During the American civil war and reconstruction, the party undertook the mission of saving the union and eliminating slaves. In the election of 1864, it jointly nominated Lincoln as the candidate of the National Alliance Party with the war Democrats.

The success of the party caused factional strife within the party.