Does anyone know the Boers?

Refers to the name of a mixed nation composed of descendants of Dutch, French and German white immigrants living in South Africa. It comes from the Dutch word "Boer" (farmer). Now this word is basically not used, and it is changed to Afrikaans (website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of People's Republic of China (PRC)) or Afrikaans.

"Bohr" is Dutch, which means "farmer". Boers refer to the descendants of the Dutch who colonized southern Africa. 1652, the first Dutch people came to Cape, South Africa, and established a colony. After more than 100 years of colonial activities, Boer people have become the main ethnic group in the area.

However, the Boers did not rule South Africa. 1795, the British fleet landed in Cape, South Africa, and began a century-long battle with the Boers in South Africa. After years of conflict, in the face of Britain's great strength, the Boers were forced to migrate northward, and in 1852 and 1854, two Boers were established, Transvaal and Orange.

1867, diamonds were found in the orange river area. The orange government immediately declared that this area belongs to its jurisdiction. British colonists strongly opposed it and plotted to annex two Boer republics. 1877, Britain sent troops to annex Transvaal by force, which aroused the armed resistance of the Boers. 188 1 In February, the Boer army defeated 1000 British troops near Mazu Bashan, forcing Britain to recognize Transvaal's independence and sign a peace treaty with the other side in the name of reserving part of its power.

1886, an Australian youth named george harrison stumbled upon the world's largest gold mine in Johannesburg, central South Africa. The mining area is centered in Johannesburg and extends to the southeast and southwest wings, forming a gold arc belt with a length of about 500 kilometers, accounting for about 1/4 of the world's gold reserves. This great discovery inspired the influx of thousands of European colonists. In the next four years, the colonists organized 1, 4 1 mining companies, frantically exploited diamonds and gold in the mining area and made high profits. Seeing this huge profit, the contradiction between the British and the Boers is further acute.

1895, the British government secretly instructed Rhodes, governor of Cape Colony, to annex Transvaal. So Rhodes sent an 800-man well-equipped army to sneak attack the capital of transvaal province, and as an internal force, he planned the riots of British expatriates in the city in advance. However, the secret was learned by the German government, which wanted to compete with Britain for world hegemony, and told the Transvaal government to make preparations in advance. 1896 1.2, on the outskirts of Dopp, Krooks, more than 2,000 Boer troops ambushed the British army, killing 134 people and seizing all British guns. After this fiasco, Rhodes was forced to resign as governor of Cape Province. The Boers cheered their victory and their self-confidence began to swell.

After the victory, the Boers advocated the "Boer Africa" plan, which planned to unite the whole of South Africa, recapture the land that Britain had taken from the Boers for more than 100 years, and form an alliance with Germany to counter Britain. This obviously contradicts Britain's "Second C Plan", that is, opening Cape in southern Africa and Cairo in northern Africa to form a colonial empire that runs through the north and south of Africa. Therefore, on the one hand, the British government used diplomatic means to break up the military alliance between Germany and Boer; On the other hand, we stepped up efforts to send troops to Cape and put pressure on Boers. War is on the verge.