Historical origin of seaweed cavity of Yi nationality

Haicai cavity, commonly known as Shiping cavity, is the first of the four cavities in southern Yunnan, which originated from the original ecological folk songs near Yilong Lake in Shiping County. Yilong Lake has beautiful scenery and beautiful mountains and rivers. There is an aquatic herb called seaweed growing in the lake, which has green roots and white flowers on its head and can be eaten. It is said that the ancestors of Yi people rowed and fished or picked seaweed in Yilong Lake, and the fishermen sang while rowing, which formed a beautiful seaweed cavity over time. However, in the article "Research on Red River Folk Music and Dance", when Mr. Wang sensitized and mentioned seaweed cavity, there were two representative statements in textual research:

First, Mr. Bai said a lot to me. He said in the article "A Preliminary Study on the Origin of Seaweed Cavity of Yi People": Shiping "The sweet pomegranate in Dashui Village is very famous in southern Yunnan, and the seaweed cavity is also called pomegranate flower, hence the name."

Secondly, seaweed cavity originated from the theory of Yi language. According to Mr. Xu's article Shiping Yi People and Haicai Qiang, the name of Haicai Qiang first appeared in Shiping County Records and Arts Volume. Among them, Shiping Mang Gong Hu Ying's "fragrant rice is fragrant and fragrant, and the moonlight fishing language is full of bows. Xiaoman paddles in the power, and the seaweed cavity awakens the sleeping gull. " That four-line poem. This is a record that can be found in the words of Haicaiqiang. However, Mr. Xu believes that it is not the beginning of the naming of Haicai cavity that literati and poets include it in poetry. Therefore, he analyzed it from the perspective of Yi language and thought that "reading seaweed in Chinese can be read as Haiji. The pronunciation of "black" in Yi language is similar to that of "sea" in Chinese. The antithesis of Yi songs is auspicious, and Yi says that black auspicious is the antithesis of sea songs. However, when the Han people hear' Heiji', it is' seaweed'. So when I saw Yi men and women rowing boats and singing at sea, I said they were going to sing "Haicai Qiang" ... In fact, there should be "Heiji" before "Haicai". Through hunting and fishing, this may be the basis for the emergence of seaweed cavities at sea. "

The above two statements, although each has its own basis; However, there is another saying: "The local Yi people believe that the seaweed cavity originated in Yilong Lake. It is said that there was a war on Yilong Lake at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the two sides fought fiercely for seven days and seven nights before it ended. The winning party lit a bonfire and held a banquet to celebrate the victory in Wuzhuandian (Rothersi Island) on the lakeside of Yilong Lake. In the process of singing and dancing, the common people arranged the vernacular dialects in Yi language into regular lyrics, which were then circulated in the Yi village by the lake. In the later evolution, some people arranged it regularly to form algae cavities. It is called seaweed cavity because the Yi people on the bank of Yilong Lake like singing and dancing very much, and they can also sing when fishing and pulling seaweed in the lake. The singing tone is very long and full of charm, which makes people feel like picking seaweed in the process of singing. As the name implies, it is named Haicai Room. "

In fact, no matter what kind of statement, it is inseparable from the specific environment and the mentality that people's production and living customs are consistent with the specific environment. That is, the origin of any name can not be separated from a deep social foundation. It can be seen that the seaweed wall is not only a true portrayal of the historical life experienced by the Yi people along the Yilong Lake, but also a concentrated reflection of the thoughts, feelings and ideals pursued by people who have lived in Shiping County for generations. The formation of seaweed cavity in Shiping Yi nationality originated from the activity of "eating fire grass smoke". The custom of "eating huocaoyan" is a unique way of love for Yi youth. On the night when the moon and stars are few, the young men in one stockade often choose a playground first, then bring a chimney, four strings and food and invite the young women in another stockade to participate. Young men and women gathered in the selected venue outside the village, lit bonfires, pretended to smoke and amuse themselves, and sang and danced. It is very strict for men and women to sing and speak vernacular to each other, so it is necessary to speak clearly and clearly. If the woman loses, she must pack a cigarette for the man and light a fire. If a man loses, he will be looked down upon and left out. Among them, the lead singer sings the truth with real voice and the function words with falsetto, which is more expressive. Its high and low, or the contrast of Zhang or Zhang timbre, makes the music climax again and again, pleasing to the ear and gaining aesthetic feeling. In the process of singing, between the lead singer and the backup singer, or singing in a low voice, or singing heartily, many young people show their feelings here and finally get married.

Of course, at work, by the lake in Shan Ye, singers will also improvise to express their feelings. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the hungry sing about their food and the laborers sing about their affairs". The singing of seaweed cavity is from the heart and is excited by the true feelings. Sometimes, standing at the bow "pulls" a cavity, it will sing fish out of water; Sometimes standing on the top of the mountain "drinking water" will make birds fly out of the forest. Therefore, the seafood cavity of the Yi people is always blurted out when the singer is moved at the scene, which fully shows the talent and wisdom of the people. For example, when the author interviewed in Xiaotala Village, the local singer wrote and sang: "As soon as we entered the park, guests from all directions sang about the great changes in Shiping, and the people of the county rushed to a well-off life." This exquisite technique of expression has also formed the singing style of the Yi people. Yi people believe that the beauty of people is not in appearance. Only by being good at singing and dancing can they compose and sing well and have the most aesthetic feeling. Therefore, those who answer questions tactfully and fluently and play ukulele skillfully are favored and loved by the audience even if they don't have a beautiful figure and outstanding appearance, and are called "masters of music" and "ukulele bosses".

It can be seen that singing is the self-expression of the people's voice, and the folk songs of any nation are a mirror of its social history, time life and national customs. Yi folk songs originated from labor and spread among the people. For thousands of years, it has continued and developed. Different places have strong regional characteristics. With its beautiful melody and catchy lyrics, Haicaiqiang has come out smoothly and is deeply loved by the Yi people. It is the flower of national art cultivated by the Yi people.

Yi men and women have been listening to adults singing since childhood, listening and listening, knowing everything, and expressing their feelings directly, whether they hate or love. No matter in the lake, in the mountains or in the fields, you can sing duets at any time, and men and women can sing duets. Their feelings are harmonious and happy, and they won't stop until they meet.

Yuan Run, a native of Shiping in Ming Dynasty, once served in the army and then lived in seclusion in his hometown. He often went into the mountains to play, listened to the woodcutter sing seafood, and wrote down the five laws "Li Sheyu Song":

Li she's fisherman is happy, and the night wind clears the boat.

This song is eloquent. It is autumn in love the water.

G is broken like a wave, and the moon shadow floats.

Fish soup is often full, unlike worrying.

Hu Ying, a scholar in Shiping in the early Qing Dynasty, borrowed the moon to visit Yilong Lake and immediately recited: "The fragrant rice is light and the jade is thick, and the fishing language is full of bows in the moonlight. Xiaoman paddles in the dark, and the seaweed cavity awakens the sleeping seagulls. "

During the period of the Republic of China, Shiping Yi women traveled westward to Simao and Pu 'er with bad luck, singing seaweed cavity and jumping cigarette cases along the way, combining work and rest to relieve fatigue. In the forty volumes of Shiping County Records in the Republic of China, Zhiyi recorded that Yi women went to Simao and others brought tea to Pu 'er. Every time I sing, I play with it, which is also called jumping (press: cigarette box dance is also called jumping).

The records of Haicaiqiang in these historical materials show that Haicaiqiang has a long history and is a traditional song and dance art form of Yi people. In the process of its formation and development, it was deeply influenced by Chinese culture brought by Han immigrants in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the local chronicles since the Qing Dynasty, there are many records and poems about Haicaiqiang singing. A complete seaweed cavity usually consists of three parts, namely, restricted cavity, cavity, orthodox cavity and vernacular. It is a large-scale vocal suite composed of multiple voices, including solo, duet, lead singer, chorus and other forms. The representative repertoire of Haicai Opera includes Brother Sing a Melody and Sister Learn, Shiping Olive Vegetable. Due to the development of tourism in recent years and the vigorous promotion of CCTV's "Youth Song Competition", many foreign tourists made a special trip to see the "Sea Color Room" in Shiping Yilong Lake. Due to the convenient transportation, the lifestyle of local people around Yilong Lake is gradually approaching urbanization. With the improvement of living standards, the original local production and living customs are quietly changing, and the Nisu people who used to wear national costumes have completely become Han Chinese. Minor.

There are few Yi people fishing in Yilong Lake. On the contrary, there have been many "food boats" in the lake in recent years. According to statistics, there are more than 50 such restaurant-style "gourmet boats" in the whole Yilong Lake. Fresh fish caught in Yilong Lake and seaweed produced in the lake are the main food sources to attract tourists' business. If someone asks about the "seaweed cavity" during dinner, the boatman will immediately call the Nisu girl and boy from nearby Yilong Town to board the boat and put on beautiful flowers.