I want to study in Australia, what is the environment there, transportation, accommodation and so on. It's completely white. Ask the great god to answer QAQ

Commonwealth of Australia (English: The Commonwealth of Australia), referred to as Australia. Its territory covers an area of 7,692,024 square kilometers and is surrounded by the sea. It is the only country in the world whose territory covers the whole continent. Australia has many unique animals, plants and natural landscapes, and is a multicultural immigrant country.

The word "Australia" originally means "Southern Continent" and comes from the Latin terraaustralis. When Europeans discovered this continent in the17th century, they mistakenly thought it was a land that went straight to the South Pole, so they named it "Australia". [ 1]

Australia is a highly developed capitalist country with Canberra as its capital. As the most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere, the world's largest economy 12, the fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, and also the largest exporter of various minerals in the world, it is called "the country by car". At the same time, Australia is also the country with the largest number of sheep and the largest export volume of wool in the world, also known as "the country riding on the back of sheep". Australia's population is highly urbanized, and nearly half of its citizens live in Sydney and Melbourne. Many cities in this country are rated as one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports power, hosting many global sports events all the year round. Australia actively participates in international affairs, is a founding member of APEC, and is also a member of the United Nations, the G20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum.

Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and consists of islands and overseas territories such as Australia and Tasmania.

All right. It borders the Coral Sea and tasman sea in the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south. It is the only country in the world that monopolizes a continent.

Australia faces New Zealand across the tasman sea in the east, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands across the Coral Sea in the northeast, and Indonesia and East Timor across the Arafura Sea and Timor Sea in the north.

About 70% of Australia's land belongs to arid or semi-arid zone, and most of the central region is not suitable for human habitation. Australia has 1 1 great desert, which accounts for about 20% of the whole continental area. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with an elevation of16m. Only 260,000 square kilometers of land can be used for animal husbandry and planting, mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas.

climate

Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. Although the time difference with China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) is only 2-3 hours, the seasons are completely opposite. 65438+February-February is summer, March-May is autumn, June-August is winter, and September-165438+10 is spring.

Australia spans two climatic zones, and the north is tropical. Because it is close to the equator, 65438+10-February is the typhoon period. Southern Australia belongs to temperate zone. The midwest of Australia is a barren desert with drought, little rain, high temperature and large temperature difference. In coastal areas, there is abundant rainfall and humid climate.

States and territories

Australia is divided into six states:

Sydney, the capital of New South Wales

Brisbane, the capital of Queensland

Administrative divisions of Australia

Adelaide, the capital of South Australia

Tasmania-Hobart, capital

Victoria Melbourne, the capital

Perth, the capital of Western Australia

These two regions are:

Australian Capital Territory (ACT)- Canberra, the capital

Northern Territory (NT)- Darwin, the capital

capital

Canberra (5)

The capital of Australia is Canberra.

Australia is a highly developed capitalist country. In 20 13, the gross domestic product (GDP) ranked 12 in the world, and the per capita GDP reached US$ 67,742, ranking fifth in the world, ranking first among countries with a population of more than 20 million, far higher than other major English-speaking countries such as the United States and Britain. Australia is rich in agriculture, animal husbandry and natural resources, and is known as "the country riding on the back of sheep", "the country sitting on the harvester" and "the country holding the ears of wheat".

For a long time, Australia has earned a lot of income by exporting agricultural products and mineral resources. It is rich in sheep, cattle, wheat and sucrose, and it is also an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world. Australia's resources are the envy of many countries. There is even a phrase in English that describes Australia's "Theluckycountry", which means that Australia is very lucky in climate, history and lifestyle. People don't need to work too hard. Cattle and sheep can live a high standard as long as they eat grass casually and dig mines on the ground, without being disturbed by the wars of the two world wars. Agriculture, animal husbandry and mining are traditional industries in Australia. Australia's high-tech industry has developed rapidly in recent years and its competitiveness in the international market has improved.

Since 1970' s, Australia's economy has undergone major structural adjustment, tourism and service industries have developed rapidly, and their proportion in GDP has gradually increased, reaching about 70% at present. The gold industry is developed and has become one of the few gold-producing countries in the world. Australia Post is one of the few postal systems in the world that can make money without government subsidies.

Australia has developed agriculture and animal husbandry, and is known as "a country riding on the back of sheep". The production and export of agricultural products play an important role in the national economy, and it is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world. The land for agriculture and animal husbandry is 440 million hectares, accounting for 57% of the country's land area. The main crops are wheat, barley, oilseeds, cotton, sucrose and fruits.

The production and export of agricultural products in Australia occupies an important position in the national economy and is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world. In 2009/20 10, the output value of agriculture and animal husbandry was 27.4 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 2. 1% of GDP. The main crops are wheat, barley, rapeseed, cotton, sucrose and fruit. In fiscal year 2009-20 10, the output value of wheat was 4.8 billion Australian dollars, that of barley was/kloc-0.4 billion Australian dollars, and that of wool was/kloc-0.9 billion Australian dollars.

Railway: Since 1990s, the railway industry has undergone the reform of corporatization and privatization. The total length of the national railway is about 44,000 kilometers. 2009/20 10 Long-distance Railway Ride

melbourne airport

The number of passengers is about/kloc-0.5 million, and the number of urban rail transit passengers is about 603 million, which is basically the same as last year. In 2006/2007, railway transported 665 million tons of goods, up 3.8% year-on-year.

Highway: The total length of the national highway is over 800,000 kilometers. In 20 12, the number of motor vehicles registered was1670,000, including passenger cars 127 1000, light trucks 26 1000 and passenger cars 90,000.

Water transport: There are 97 ports, and Melbourne is the largest port in China. In 20112, there were about 80 international seaborne ships, with an international seaborne cargo volume of 899 million tons and 3054 1 ship arriving in Hong Kong.

Air transport: As of June 1965, there were 15060 registered aircraft, about 2000 airports and runways, and about 250 frequent-flier airports, including 12 international airports. In 20 12, there were 57,800 international flights/kloc-0, carrying 29.62 million passengers, up 5% year-on-year, and 870,000 tons of freight, up 3.8% year-on-year. There were 63 1.2 million domestic flights and 56.55 million passenger trips, up 4 1% year-on-year. Australian aviation business is mainly dominated by Qantas, VirginAustralia and Jetstar Airlines. The top ten airports are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Gold Coast, Cairns, Canberra, Hobart and Darwin. [ 1]

Australia has a perfect public medical system called Medicare, which was established in 1984. According to the overall ranking of the health care system of the World Health Organization (2009) every year, Australia's ranking in the world is 12. Australian citizens and permanent residents can enjoy free medical services in public medical institutions all over the country. According to the data of the US Central Intelligence Agency, from 2006 to 20 10, the average life expectancy of Australia ranked fifth in the world, with an average life expectancy of 8 1.2 years.

Australia's primary and secondary schools and vocational colleges are managed by the ministries of education of each state or territory, funded by the federal government, and universities are managed by the federal government. All Australian citizens and permanent residents enjoy free primary and secondary education. Australia has 42 universities and more than 230 technical colleges. The diplomas of various schools are recognized by all States, and the academic qualifications of Australia are widely recognized by all countries in the world.

Education in Australia is world-class. In this country where predecessors' eloquence exceeded 20 million in recent years, 13 scientists won the Nobel Prize successively. All school education in Australia is designed according to individual needs, abilities and interests, so that every student can exert his potential in all aspects and can be applied to all walks of life.

Australia's education system can be divided into five parts: ① primary school and secondary school; (2) Vocational training system composed of TAFE; (3) ELICOS, providing English courses for overseas students; (4) Private schools offering vocational courses such as business, hotel management and aviation driving; ⑤ University.

Australia's education system generally inherits the British system, with 6 years of primary school (i.e. 1-6 grades); Secondary school for 6 years (grade 7- 12, regardless of junior high school); College 2-3 years; Three years in college. According to different departments, there are also differences in the length of study, such as: arts, business and science for 3 years, engineering for 4 years, law for 4 or 5 years, and medicine for 6 years. Generally, those who want to enter junior college or above must complete 12 years of education. If Australian students 12 want to continue their studies after graduation, they can have two choices: one is the technical and continuing education college, which focuses on practical courses; Second, academic and theoretical university courses. The application qualification is based on the graduation examination results of 12.

Pre-university courses: Australian pre-university courses are designed for overseas students to prepare for undergraduate studies, and local residents do not need to enter pre-university courses. Preparatory college classes in Australia are designed to help those applicants who have completed high school education in their own countries but cannot directly apply for admission to Australian universities. They usually last for one year.

Australia's universities are of extremely high standard and are rated as the third in the world by the British Times. Famous institutions of higher learning include Australian National University, University of Sydney, University of Melbourne, University of New South Wales, University of Queensland, Monash University, University of Adelaide, University of Western Australia, University of Technology Sydney, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and so on.