Which country does Lesbos belong to?

Lesbos is an island of Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. From the Bronze Age to the Byzantine Age, there were several prosperous city states. After many changes between independence, Persia and Greek control, Lesbos often became the victim of its geographical position on the edge of the Greek world. This island was famous for its wine and culture in ancient times. Over the centuries, it has produced many celebrities, especially the poetess Sappho, the politician Pitakos and the philosopher Theophrastos.

In mythology,

According to Greek mythology, the island is the birthplace of the hero Lesbos. The island appeared in the Trojan war stories in Homer's Iliad, especially Agamemnon provided seven crafty women, including Achilles, from Lesbos Island to persuade the hero to rejoin the conflict. Agamemnon must know the great warrior's admiration for Lesbos women, because Achilles brought a partner in the war, that is, Diomede, the daughter of Folbas. The king also mentioned in passing that Achilles had occupied the island, probably on the way to Troy, when it was part of Priam, the Trojan Empire.

Lesbos has a unique culture, which combines Greek, Anatolian and indigenous cultural customs.

This island is a short stay. Odysseus counted the votes of Homer's epic Odyssey and the protagonist's son Telemarcos (actually twice). How did his father successfully fight against love and challenge a little bumpy? Philomeleides, the king of Lesvos, caught everything in the net and rewarded the loser with death.

Finally, in some records, the leader of the great lyre player orpheus was washed up on the coast of Lesbos after the poor young man was torn to pieces by a group of crazy priestesses. There, the muse buried it and built a temple. Birds will sing in this way to commemorate his amazing lost talent. Orpheus's lyre was also broken by the priestess, and it is said that it was also washed to the island, where it was found by a fisherman and given to Telpande, a famous musician and poet in the 7th century BC.

Historical overview

Lesbos Island in the Bronze Age

Lesbos Island, located in the northeast of Aegean Sea near the west coast of Turkey, is the third largest island in Greece, with an area of about 1.630 square kilometers (629 square miles). Inhabited since the Neolithic Age, the island flourished in the Bronze Age, but it is only 65,438+00 kilometers (6 miles) away from the Turkish coast, which is culturally closer to Anatolia than the Mycenaean civilization in the Greek mainland. At this time, the most important settlement is the hot rice along the coast, named after its hot springs. In the late Bronze Age (BC 10 century), a large number of Greek mainland immigrants may have migrated to Lesbos, probably in Thessaly. Since then, the Australian dialect has been widely used on the island. There is also a unique culture, which is a mixture of Greek, Anatolian and indigenous cultural customs. Unique elements include the production of gray UCC hero pottery. The prosperity of the island is largely due to the production and export of olives, olive oil and wine, as evidenced by the discovery of Lala ear bottles all over Greece.

Trini, the most important city-state on the island, is similar in size to Athens in its heyday.

Lesbos, Greece

In ancient times, Pontrid dynasty ruled the island as a tyrant, but according to Aristotle (384-322 BC), they were driven away by a group of nobles. In 630 BC, the island could support a naval force to control Anatolia in the east and Thrace in the north. The main city-states scattered on the island are Antioch, Elessus, Messina, Pyrrhus, and the most powerful city-state, Mitrini, which is similar in scale to Athens in its heyday. The ruins of fortifications and village watchtowers-perhaps to protect mines-show that military conflicts sometimes occur between cities, while the existence of artificial ports in several towns shows the island's naval and commercial strength. Important religious temples were built in rural Clopet Di (dedicated to Apollo) and Mesa. It is no coincidence that there is a temple dedicated to Demeter and Angkor in Mitrini, while Dionysus has a refuge in Methymna, perhaps considering that the town is famous for its fine wine. Sibelli, the mother god, is worshipped in several towns, which is another connection with Anatoly subculture.

Some cities in Lyon continue to be ravaged by internal tyrants and aristocratic families. Mithrin intimately elected Pitacus (also known as Pitacus, about 650-570 BC) as his tyrant (Aisymnets), and he was considered as one of the seven sages of ancient Greece. Aristotle believes that Pittsburgh is responsible for making new laws, and saints claim that laws are the best protection for a city. One of the most famous laws in Pitakos is that if the criminal party is drunk at the time of committing the crime, the punishment for any crime should be doubled.

Another famous figure of Lesbos is the poetess Sappho (about 620-570 BC), whose skills won her the title of "the tenth muse". Many of Sappho's surviving poems seem to deal with the love between women or girls, which leads to the word "lesbian" being used to refer to lesbians in the post-classical era. However, the Greeks themselves have never used such terms and meanings. In any case, lesbians are unique. Even the rare theme island in ancient Greek art is far from satisfying the criticism of later thinkers such as Plato (about 428 BC-about 347 BC).

In the middle of 6th century BC, Persians took control of Lesbos Island, but after the Persian war in the early 5th century BC, the island became an independent Greek island again and became a founding member of Tyrol Union. If any Greek country is attacked by Persians again, the alliance is established to help each other, but after Athens, its most powerful member, took over the national treasury of the alliance and forced its members to pay membership fees, the alliance eventually became the Athenian empire (money or ships). Mitrini rebelled against this in 428 BC, but the island was brutally treated by Athens and became a colony or parish (except Messina, who remained loyal). A famous figure on Lesbos Island in the 5th century BC was Helannicus (480-395 BC), a historian in Terrini. He was a prolific editor of mythology, ethnology and local history, but unfortunately, only fragments of his works survived.

In the middle of 4th century BC, Persia took control of the island again and established tyranny in Mitelli, Messina and Aries. In the next century, due to the arrival of Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), the Greek world recovered the island. After the city on the island was ruled by the Macedonian tyrant for a period of time, many Poles developed a form of democracy as Lesbos became a part of Ptolemy, Alexander's great empire. A famous islander in this period was the philosopher and botanist Ty Olaf Stuss (37 BC1-287 BC), who was the heir of Aristotle and the president of the Academy of Athens. About 23 1 year BC, the pilaster was destroyed by the earthquake.

Roman Lesvos

In 168 BC, the Romans destroyed Antioch and left their mark on the island. In 84 BC, Roman general and politician Lou Kuhles (65438 BC+065438 BC+08 BC-57 BC) occupied the whole island. Mitrini was dismissed in 79 BC because the city supported the king of the capital, Mithradates VI (BC 120-63), against Rome. Pompeii the Great (BC 106-48) gave better treatment. He made the island independent again, which may be due to his friendship with Theo Farnese, a famous historian in Mitellini.

When it attracted many wealthy Roman holidaymakers, it settled as a humble part of the Roman Empire, and then as the center of early Christianity, Lesbos became more prominent. By the Byzantine period, Lesbos had many large Christian churches and two famous Bishop Mitrini and Bishop Tinna, including the famous historian and Bishop Zacharias of Mitrini (465 BC). Despite some brief political quarrels, Lesbos remained a quiet corner of the Byzantine Empire until 1462 fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire.

Today, apart from the foundations of some temples and shrines, the aqueduct in the 2nd/3rd century AD near Mitelli is full of Roman architectural sites, such as theatres, cathedrals and private villas. One of the outstanding works of art that survived the island's heyday was the complete statue of Al Simis. This statue was made by a Roman sculptor in the 3rd century AD, imitating Greek marble. Now it is located in Istanbul Archaeological Museum.