What is the origin and history of Liu's surname?

According to historical records such as Han Shu, Tongzhi Genealogy and China Surname, there are three main sources of Liu's surname: the change of Qi surname, Ji surname and foreign surname.

1. The earliest branch originated from the Qi family and was the descendant of Emperor Yao. Formed in the late summer, from Lushan, Henan.

Liu, whose surname is Qi, has two homologous branches: one comes directly from Liu Lei and was formed in Xia Dynasty; In the early Spring and Autumn Period, a scholar society composed of descendants of Liu Lei was formed.

Liu Lei was born in the late Xia Dynasty. He studied dragon training with the master of dragon breeding technology, and domesticated four dragons for Kong Jia, the thirteenth emperor of Xia Dynasty, so he was named dragon lion by Kong Jia. .

Liu Lei lived in the south of Yanshi County, Henan Province, when he was a Kongjia dragon. . Later, due to poor reproduction, a female dragon died. Liu Lei was afraid that Kong Jia would be punished, so she secretly fled to Lu Xian County (now Lushan County, Henan Province) with her family. Liu Lei's descendants took Liu Lei's name as their surname, which was the earliest surname of Liu in China.

2. Liu's surname originated from Ji's surname and was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period. He took Yi as his surname and was from Yanshi, Henan.

3. Change foreigners' surnames

(1) Given surname: Xiang Bo, uncle of Xiang Yu, was given the surname Liu for helping Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. In 202 BC, after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, he accepted the advice of Lou Jing, who was stationed in the army, and decided to move the capital to Chang 'an, so he changed Lou Jing's surname to Liu.

(2) Early Western Han Dynasty: Xiongnu. At that time, the Xiongnu tribe was powerful, and Liu Bang, the emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, adopted the policy of affinity and married the daughter of the royal family to the Xiongnu Khan as his wife. Modu chanyu's surname is twins, but according to the custom that Huns take their mother's surname, the descendants of twins are all surnamed Liu.

(3) During the Wei, Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms period, a branch of Xiongnu claimed to be the descendant of Han Dynasty princess and Xiongnu Khan in order to win the support of the people in the Central Plains, and always used her mother's surname, so she was surnamed Liu. Liu Yuan, the founder of the former Zhao Dynasty, was a Xiongnu aristocrat.

(4) Dugu was one of the "Eight Honorable Ministers" in the Northern Wei Dynasty. After Emperor Xiaowen moved from Datong, Shanxi Province to Luoyang in the 20th year (494), he implemented the sinicization reform in 496, and changed the Xianbei nationality to Liu.

(5) During the Late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, one of the Shatuo people in another part of Turkey also claimed to be a descendant of Liu Bang. The post-Han regime and the Northern Han regime in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were all established by the Liu family of Shatuo.

From the early Western Han Dynasty, when Xiongnu nobles attached themselves to it, Xianbei people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties entered the Central Plains, until the Manchu Eight Banners were sinicized in the Qing Dynasty, during which a large number of foreigners changed their surnames to Liu.

Extended data:

In the early days, Liu was mainly distributed in the Yellow River valley, mainly in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and Taiyuan, Shanxi. In addition, there are Liu aristocratic families in Jingxiang, Hubei, Changsha, Hunan and Jiujiang, Jiangxi.

During the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the northern part of China fell into war again. Like other surnames in the Central Plains, Liu moved to the south, southeast and southwest in order to avoid the war.

From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the immigrants from the Central Plains to the south and southeast regions never stopped, and the number of immigrants became larger and larger, and the region became farther and farther. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains immigrated to Fujian in large numbers, including Liu who entered Taiwan Province Province in the late Ming Dynasty.

There were about 3.6 million people named Liu in Song Dynasty, accounting for 4.7% of the national population, and it was the fourth largest surname in Song Dynasty. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Hebei and Shandong. Liu in these three provinces accounts for about 39% of the total population of Liu, followed by Hunan, Henan, Zhejiang, Fujian and Sichuan.

Jiangxi is the largest province in Liu, accounting for 17% of Liu's total population. Six population centers have been formed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and Hunan.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 4 million people surnamed Liu, accounting for 4.4% of the national population, and it was the fifth largest surname in the Ming Dynasty. Mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Shandong and Hebei, these three provinces account for about 44% of Liu's population, followed by Shanxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Hubei. The population of willow in Jiangxi province accounts for about 23% of the total population of willow, and it is still the largest province of willow.

Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hunan and Hubei have formed the three major population gathering areas in China, represented by Wei Liu. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Liu's surname changed little, but the population flow mainly revolved around these three areas. Southeast China mainly spreads to the north and west, North China mainly migrates to the south and drifts to the west and east, and the population in Sichuan mainly migrates to the two lakes.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu surname