How's the Mexican war going?

The war between the United States and Mexico was from 1846 to 1848. Through this small-scale war, the United States seized 2.3 million square kilometers of land and became a big country across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which is rare in the world. Mexico lost most of its territory and was badly weakened. Since then, the United States has gained a dominant position in America.

1835 The United States incited planter rebellion in Texas, Mexico, and merged into the United States. Mexico sent troops to suppress it, and the United States sent troops to occupy Texas and invade Mexico. On May 23rd, Mexico declared war on the United States.

1846, 18 In May, Taylor led American troops south to occupy Matamos, in September, Monterrey, 10, 165438 occupied Saarti slightly. In June of the same year, Carney led 1700 American troops to the west and captured Mexico and California. 1847 In February, Taylor's troops defeated 14000 Mexican troops led by Mexican President Santa Anna in Buena Vista. In March, under the command of Commander-in-Chief Squet, 65,438+0,000 American troops landed in Veracruz in the Gulf of Mexico. On the 29th, American troops captured Veracruz. On April 18, the US military defeated President Santa Anna and the main force of the General Staff. On May 5th, American troops occupied Puebla and approached Mexico City. In August, American reinforcements arrived, and American troops defeated Mexican troops again in contreras. The two sides held peace talks and the talks broke down on September 7. On September 8, the US military launched an attack on Mexico City and was repelled. On June 12, American troops occupied the highlands outside the city and shelled the city walls. 14, American troops invaded Mexico city, 16, took control of the whole city and imposed martial law. The Mexican president was removed from office in June+10, 5438.

In June 1847, 1 65438+1October1,Ancio was elected interim president of Mexico, and in June 1848,1,the two sides began peace talks. On February 2, the two sides signed a peace treaty, and Mexico ceded Texas, New Mexico and Upper California. In June 1848, 12, American troops withdrew from Mexico City, and the war ended.

Through this small-scale war, the United States seized 2.3 million square kilometers of land and became a big country across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which is rare in the world. Mexico lost most of its territory and was badly weakened. Since then, the United States has achieved a dominant position in the US-Mexico War.

Edit the background of this paragraph.

The reason for the outbreak of the US-Mexico War is the unresolved border issue between Mexico and Texas and American expansionism. 1836 the newly established border between Texas and Mexico after the Texas revolution is controversial. Mexico refused to recognize the independence of Texas, announced that Texas would be reintegrated into its territory, and warned that if the United States intervened, war would break out between the two countries. Texas maintains an independent position, emphasizing that the Rio Grande is its border. Britain tried to mediate the dispute, but failed because Mexico refused to recognize Texas. 1845, the United States announced that it would recognize the Rio Grande River as its border if Texas was willing to join the United States. In the same year, Texas joined the United States and became the 28th state.

US President Barack james knox polk realized that if a war broke out between the United States and Mexico, Mexico could not defend its distant northern provinces of New Mexico and California, which coincided with the destiny of the American Democratic Party to expand American territory. On the contrary, American Whigs strongly opposed the territorial expansion of the United States and the war against Mexico.

American-Mexican War james knox polk

Edit this paragraph to declare war.

For Mexico, Texas joined the United States because the United States interfered in Mexico's internal affairs in order to support a rebellious province, and because the United States illegally occupied territory that was neither Texas nor the United States. Mexico has been threatening war for years. Britain has been trying to prevent Mexico, which is stronger than it, from declaring war on the United States, but Britain itself had some serious disputes with the United States in 1844.

After some skirmishes broke out between the two countries, Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to lead the army into Texas. Taylor ignored Mexico's request for his withdrawal, crossed the Niuyesi River and marched all the way to the Rio Grande, where he began to build Fort Browne.

The war officially broke out on April 24th. 1846. Mexican cavalry attacked and captured an American army near the Rio Grande. After the conflict broke out, Polk called for a declaration of war. He declared that Mexico "invaded our border and spilled American blood on American territory" to arouse the feelings of the American people. 13 in may, the us congress declared war on Mexico. The North and Whigs of the United States are basically opposed to this war, while the South and the Democratic Party are in favor of this war. On May 23rd, Mexico declared war on the United States.

Even after the United States declared war, many Whigs still didn't believe Polk's statement that "American blood was spilled on American territory". They think that the American army deliberately chose shirts when crossing the Rio Grande. Abraham lincoln, a newcomer to Whig Party, who had just been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives at that time, introduced a series of resolutions, asking Polk to give the specific location of American bloodshed. But because American soldiers were killed, these objections received little attention. American-Mexican War

At the beginning of the war

At the beginning of the war, the two warring sides had a military advantage over the Mexican army, with 32 thousand men, but they lacked training, lax discipline, insufficient equipment and low command level of officers. [Because of fighting in Mexico, Mexico is familiar with the terrain and has high mobility. There are 8,600 regular troops in the United States, and volunteers from June to June to 65,438+February are recruited as the main source of troops. During the war, the total strength of the US Army reached 3 1000, and the total number of naval and army combat teams reached 1004. The disadvantage of the United States is that transportation and communication are imperfect, sanitation facilities are insufficient, and the disease mortality rate is as high as 1% of soldiers. As a Whig general, Taylor was at odds with the Commander-in-Chief, Winsfield Scott, and had a tense relationship with the Democratic President and his cabinet. Politically, Mexico's national strength is declining and its leadership is incompetent. The United States, on the other hand, is in the heyday of mainland expansion and westward advancement, and modern industrialization has made great progress. However, around the restriction of slavery and the expansion of winfield scott, there are obvious differences between the north and the south in their attitudes towards war. At the beginning of the war, the war department had not made a military plan. During the war, the strategic deployment was gradually improved. After the United States declared war on Mexico, the American army invaded Mexico in three ways, and Colonel stephen kearny was ordered to command the western troops and expedition to New Mexico and California. John Slote's fleet commander was ordered to attack the Pacific coast from the sea; The commander-in-chief led his troops straight to the Mexican capital.

Edit this process

After the declaration of war, the United States invaded Mexican territory from many fronts. In the Pacific Ocean, the United States Navy sent John. Sloat occupied California and incorporated it into American territory because the United States was afraid that Britain would try to occupy the area. Slote won the support of the Anglo-colonists in Northern California, who had previously claimed to establish an independent Republic of California. With their support, Slote occupied some important cities. At the same time, American troops led by Stephen W. Kearney occupied Santa Fe. Kearney then marched on California. After some minor setbacks, he joined forces with Robert stockton's naval reinforcements to occupy San Diego and Los Angeles. But since then, Kearney and stockton have clashed over the management of California. The reason is that the order issued by Washington is not clear on this point. Stockton appointed John. Fremont is the governor of California, and Kearney calls himself the governor. Finally, Kearney gained the upper hand, and fremont was arrested and punished.

On May 1846, General Taylor led his troops across the Rio Grande and occupied matamoros City. 14 In July, the vanguard troops arrived in ChaMalgo, 0/000 miles north of Mexico, and established a base to conquer Monterrey. 19 In August, Taylor led the troops to March into Monterrey. On September 19, the US troops arrived in the suburbs of Monterrey. On September 2 1-24, Taylor's army invaded Monterrey, and on September 25, the ink defenders surrendered. The two sides reached an eight-week truce. 165438+1October 5, Taylor informed Mexico that the armistice agreement would expire on June165438+1October 13. 1 161October 16, Taylor and his men occupied Saarti, the capital of Abela. Before and after this, William Voss led his troops to occupy Monclova and pallas, west of Monterey. In the western war zone, on June 1846, a group of American immigrants began an uprising in the Sacramento valley. /kloc-in June of 0/4, immigrants occupied San Nomin, established the "California Republic", and raised the bear flag with a gray background. At the same time, Brigadier General John Slote led the fleet from mazatlan Port in the Gulf of Mexico to California. On July 2, he arrived in Monterrey, south of San Francisco, and announced that California was a part of the United States. On July 9, American troops occupied San Francisco and San Nomin, and the star-spangled banner replaced the bear flag. Soon, the US Navy occupied Fort Sartor and Santa Barbara near Sacramento, and captured Los Angeles on August 13. /kloc-in August of 0/7, the commander of the western front, Brigadier General Robert F. stockton, announced that California was merged into the United States and established a new regime with him as the ruler. [September -65438+ 10, a fierce anti-occupation struggle took place in the American-occupied area. During this period, Carney led the expeditionary force to Bentburg [located at the intersection of Arkansas River and Santa Fe Trail] from June to July 1846. On August 2, Carney crossed the desert and arrived in New Mexico. [Along the Arkansas River to the mouth of the Tinpas River, entering the mountainous area through the southwest, the troops crossed the Raton Pass at an altitude], arrived in Las Vegas on August 15, and announced that New Mexico was a part of the United States. On August 18, [Carney and his men] occupied Santa Fe, ending more than 800 miles of marching. On September 25th, Carney led his cavalry to California and arrived in San Diego on February 12. On February 29th, 65438, Carney and stockton's troops arrived in Los Angeles. Occupy Los Angeles 1847 65438+ 10/0. 65438+ 10/3, the military operations in New Mexico and California basically ended. [Related to this] At the end of June of 1846 and 10, another expeditionary force, Doniphan, set off from Santa Fe and traveled 3,000 miles and arrived in Chihuahua on March 1847. On February 27th, 65438, American troops occupied El Paso. 1 On February 28th, 847, the American army defeated the Mexican Defense Forces in the Battle of Sacramento.1On March 28th, 2008, Doniphan troops marched into Chihuahua. General Taylor and his men occupied Victoria in Tamaulipas on February 29th. 1February 5, 847 to1February 4, 7, [Taylor led the troops] to Aguaneva, west of Satiero 18 mile. [1847] On February 2 1-24, the American and Mexican armies fought fiercely, and the American army won, ending its military operations in northern Mexico. [1847 February 2 1 Scott's expedition to Veracruz from March 29 was an important event in the1847 spring American-Mexican war. Capturing the most important fortress on the east coast of Mexico, the US military can take a mountainous land route to Mexico City. On February 65438, 2008, Scott established his headquarters in tampico. On March 9, Scott's troops landed on the southern beach of Veracruz without strong resistance. This is the first time in the history of the US military to use special landing speedboats to carry out large-scale amphibious landing operations. The US military established a beachhead position in just two weeks. On March 22, the Mexican army refused to surrender unconditionally, and the US military immediately besieged it. 【 On March 27th, Veracruz's fortified San Juan de Urva Castle surrendered to Scott. On March 29th, the US military formally occupied Veracruz. 1April 8471August 20th, 2008, Scott launched the battles of Cerro-Godot and Churu Bushko. [April 19] Scott occupied Harappa, [April 22] occupied Pelotti, and arrived in Puebla, 80 miles from Mexico City, on May 5. 【 Scott's troops rested in Puebla for three months, waiting for reinforcements. On August 7th, Scott led his troops from Puebla to enter the Mexico Valley through the Ayotra Pass, and established the headquarters there on June 1 1. On August 19-22, 3,000 American troops stormed the position in contreras, and the Mexican army led by Santa Anna retreated to Mexico City, 5 miles away from the American front. On August 22-23, the two sides held armistice negotiations. [An armistice agreement was reached in Tacubaya on 24th. On September 7, the truce was terminated because the American conditions were rejected by Mexico. 【1847 On September 8th, under Scott's orders, General William J. Worth led an attack on a gun factory outside Melino de la Rey, which was said to have cast a cannon with a church bell, and was strongly resisted by the Mexican army. Scott decided to raid chapple's 200-foot-high Tepeck Mountain fortification, which overlooks the highway leading to the gates of St. Combe and Belem. On September 12, American artillery bombarded the positions of Mexican troops, and on September 13, American troops captured Belem Gate and Saint Comte Gate. [Scott's main force of nearly 6,000 people immediately advanced to the capital. /kloc-On the night of September, 0/3 and in the early morning of September, 14, American troops entered Mexico City. On September 16, Scott issued martial law in Mexico City.

peace talks

1848 65438+1October 2, the US-Mexico peace talks officially started. On February 2, a peace treaty was signed in Guadalupe Hidalgo, a suburb of Mexico. According to the treaty, all rights north of Rio Grande in Mexico were ceded to Texas, and New Mexico and Upper California were ceded to the United States. The United States agreed to pay $654.38+05 million and bear the $3.25 million compensation demanded by American citizens from the Mexican government. The US-Mexico border line is drawn along the Rio Grande to the south of New Mexico, then to the northwest of Xihe River, along the Sheila River and the Colorado River, and then along the upper and lower California lines to the Pacific Ocean. [The treaty was submitted to the United States Senate on February 23rd, 848. On February 22nd, President Polk sent a letter to Congress, stressing that he was "fully aware of the conclusion and signing of the treaty" and affirmed that the treaty was "basically consistent with Polk's ratification". On March 10, the Senate ratified the treaty with a majority of 38 votes to 14. On May 30th, the United States and Mexico exchanged instruments of ratification. On July 4, President Polk issued an announcement announcing the formal entry into force of the Treaty.

Number of soldiers killed on both sides of the US-Mexico War

About 1.3 million American soldiers died in the whole war, of which only 1.7 million died directly, and others died of diseases or unsanitary conditions in wartime. The death toll in Mexico is unknown, estimated at 25,000.

During the war, a group mainly composed of Irish immigrants defected to the United States and went to Mexico. Some people say that they defected because their religious beliefs were insulted by other soldiers in the US military, so they defected to Catholic Mexico. Most of these soldiers died in battle, and some were captured and hanged. Some historians say that these people were actually Mexican prisoners of war and were forced to fight in Mexico, while others called them traitors. Up to now, there are still some monuments in Mexico to commemorate them.

According to the data of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the last American soldier who fought in the war died on September 3rd, 1929 at the age of 98.

Edit this paragraph to sign the treaty.

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

(English: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Spanish: Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo) is a peace treaty signed by the United States and Mexico to end the war between the United States and Mexico. With the fall of the capital, Mexico surrendered to the United States on 1847 and began peace talks. 1848 On February 2nd, the two sides signed a peace treaty in Guadalupe Hidalgo, a small town near Mexico City, the capital of Mexico. According to the treaty, the United States has acquired all parts of California (Baja California Peninsula still belongs to Mexico), Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Wyoming. As compensation, the United States paid $654.38 million+$050,000 to Mexico and gave up the debt owed by Mexico of $3.25 million. This treaty is a complete humiliation of the victorious country to the defeated country, and it is also one of the treaties in which the defeated country ceded the most territory to the victorious country in modern history. [ 1]

The political significance of editing this paragraph

Mexico lost half its territory in the war, and since then, Mexico has always had hatred against the United States. However, this war has also formed a nationalist view in Mexico that has been lacking since the founding of the People's Republic of China (182 1).

The war also led to the emergence of a new generation of Mexican politicians, who finally got rid of Santa Anna's rule in Mexico and established a free Republic in 1857. One of the earliest measures of this free republic was to accelerate the colonization of the open area in northern Mexico, and the reason for taking this measure was to prevent the loss of territory in the future.

There are thousands of Mexican families living in the territory occupied by the United States. Some of these families returned to Mexico, while others stayed in the United States. They were protected by the peace treaty between the two countries. Most of the history of these families is recorded. They are the earliest mexican american.

From 65438 to 0889, the United States and Mexico established the International Boundary and Water Resources Commission to resolve other outstanding border disputes.

The victory of the war triggered a patriotic wave in the United States, and the United States gained new territory in the west and south. Taylor was called a war hero and was elected president of the United States in 1848.

But this patriotic wave didn't last long. The northern States of the United States opposed the war, while the southern States supported it. The reason for this difference lies in the different views on slavery and the expectation of the influence of war and territorial expansion on slavery. At that time, Texas recognized slavery, while Mexico banned slavery. Many anti-slavery people in the north believe that this war is an attempt by slave owners in the south to expand slavery and strengthen their influence on the federal government. Henry david thoreau wrote On the Right of Civil Disobedience, refusing to pay taxes and opposing the war.

Anti-slavery people are most concerned about slavery entering the federal domain. The Missouri Peace Treaty of 1820 stipulates that Mildred fillmore's slavery is prohibited in the federal territory north of 36 30' north latitude, but it is not clear whether slavery will be allowed in NSW in the future. If these states allow slavery, the balance of power in the Senate will be upset. Therefore, many southerners support war to expand their power. At that time, it was suggested that Texas be divided into several States (its territory was the largest of all States in the United States at that time), but this plan was not supported.

In the first year of the war, Congressman David Weimot put forward a draft legislation prohibiting slavery in any territory newly occupied from Mexico. The draft was immediately opposed by the south. It is obvious to South Korea that North Korea will upset the balance of the Senate. The bill was passed in the House of Representatives, but failed in the Senate. The voting results of the two houses clearly reflect the contradiction between North and South.

1848, the democratic party proposed that the people of each state can decide whether slavery is allowed in that state through a referendum. Kansas-nebraska act made this proposal into American law. In the same year, anti-slavery people formed the American Republican Party.

Taylor, as a war hero, won the presidential election in June 1848+0 1, but he had no political experience and could not solve the dispute between the north and the south at all. After his death in 1850, the Whigs elected Mildred Fillmore as president. Fillmore decided to solve this problem, and finally he proposed "1850 compromise". However, this proposal caused more controversy, and the Whig Party split internally and no longer became a national party. Whigs finally tried to recommend another war hero, Scott, as the presidential candidate to overcome the differences within the party, but failed.

Hiram grant, who served under Scott, later described the American-Mexican War as a conquest to expand slavery, so it was a prelude to the American Civil War. Later, many generals in the Civil War, including Grant, took part in the US-Mexico War: George Michael Lauren, Ambrose Bernsater, Si Tong Will Jackson, george meade, robert lee and later American President Jefferson Davis.

Edit this evaluation

1May, 846 to1February, 848, the American war against Mexico was a crucial war in the history of American continental expansion and westward movement. It not only promoted the formation and development of American economic strength, but also aggravated the contradiction between industrial capital in the north and slavery in the south, which became the precursor of American civil war.

Some people in the United States think that the injustice and aggression of Mexico's war against the United States are very obvious. There is a cartoon in a history book, which describes that the Mexican eagle was plump before the war but shriveled and emaciated after the war. There is a sentence written on it: "Arrogant Americans plundered in the19th century" (Oliv Chiwood waited; The history of the American people). 1847 65438+On February 22nd, Lincoln asked the President to explain in Congress, "The exact place where our citizens shed so much blood for the first time." 1848 65438+1October 12, Lincoln pointed out in parliament: "The blood shed in this war is to accuse Polk" and "the war launched by the president against Mexico is unnecessary and unconstitutional." Grant said in his memoirs in his later years that this was "the most unjust war between a strong country and a weak country". However, American historian Justin Smith declared in his book that "this is not a war of conquest" (Justin Smith: the war against Mexico), and Polk declared that the United States was justified in his second annual State of the Union address in1846+February.

Evaluation basis

One of the theoretical foundations of American conquest is that Mexico did not "immediately pay" the compensation requirements for American citizens, so it is justified for the United States to use Mexican territory as compensation. In fact, in April 1839, April 1843 10 and October1year 10, the United States and Mexico reached three agreements on the claims of American citizens. The second basis is that the United States wants to safeguard the sovereignty of Texas. However, the United States established an independent Texas controlled by the United States through the separatist activities of immigrants, and then attacked the sovereign country Mexico on the pretext that the affairs of two sovereign countries should not interfere, which violated the sovereignty of Texas. Mexico never agreed to the aggression of the United States annexing Texas. The third basis is that Mexico invaded the territory of the United States. In fact, the territorial dispute between the Nesos River and the Rio Grande is the focus and trigger of the conflict. Under Spanish rule, the area between the Nesos River and the Rio Grande has always been a part of the province of Nova Santander. After independence, Mexico became a part of Tamaulipas and Allawi provinces. For a short time after Texas became independent, few people actually lived there. 1845 After Texas was formally incorporated into the United States in February, the United States Congress declared that it had jurisdiction over the other side of the Russian Federation, so the border crossing of the Russian Federation became the fuse of the US-Mexico war. 1846 65438+1October 12. Mexico flatly rejected the request of the United States to "buy" New Mexico and California. 13, Polk ordered Taylor to send troops to cross the Nesos River and occupy the left bank of the Rio Grande. It can be seen that the border dispute is just an excuse for the United States to launch a war of aggression. On May 1846, 1 1, Polk also said in a special speech that Mexico "crossed our territory ... and let the blood of our citizens flow on our own land." In fact, 1846 On March 28th and April 25th, there was a small-scale exchange of fire between American and Mexican troops on Mexican territory. As early as1March 4, 845, Polk made it clear in his inaugural speech and conversation with Bancroft, the secretary of the navy, that acquiring California was one of the four major goals during his term of office. On May 9, Polk's diary wrote: "We have a good reason to go to war." "If I don't do this, I won't do my duty." (Milo Quiffey: Polk's Diary)

The historical influence of editing this passage on the United States

economic development

The war between the United States and Mexico had a great influence on the development of the American economy.

As a result of the US-Mexico War, the United States obtained vast and fertile land and rich resources in the southwest, which promoted the development of the westward movement, facilitated the layout of economic powers and accelerated the process of industrialization. [In this regard, 1848,1February 5, 848, President Polk frankly admitted: [California "is as important to the relationship between other federal States as Louisiana, a beautiful territory acquired from France 45 years ago, only from its current value and significance." "There is no doubt that there will soon be a commercial center along the coast of California."

1848 65438+On February 5th, President Polk frankly admitted: "This war has produced and shown great achievements, which is of immeasurable significance to China's future progress." In less than four years, Texas was incorporated into the United States of America ... Through treaties, the United States gained New Mexico and Upper California. "The total area of these territories is 65,438+065,438+09,306,5438+00,000 square miles (that is, 763,559,040 acres, excluding Oregon, that is, 85.6 (James Richardson, editor. The opening of ports along the Pacific coast, such as San Francisco, opened the channel for American trade to the east and greatly shortened the voyage of American trade to the Far East. A large number of immigrants Due to the discovery of gold mines in California, there has been a wave of immigrants in California.

Engels commented in June 1848 1: "The annexation of California by the United States and the acquisition of the sovereignty of the Pacific Ocean are in line with the development interests of the whole America." (Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 4, page 5 13) Marx and Engels also said: "Its significance lies in that California's rich mineral deposits promote the circulation of capital in the world market, make the whole United States prosper on the west coast and east coast of Asia, and make California and all countries affected by California form new sales markets." "Because of the development of California, it is necessary to establish a completely new world traffic line", "Since it is necessary to sail around the world, the earth has only begun to become round." (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 7, pp. 509-507. The direct material loss of the United States in the US-Mexico war was only US$ 654.38+04.7 million, while that in the War of Independence was US$ 654.38 +09 million, and that in the 2002 war was US$ 654.38+0815.8 million. Before and after the US-Mexico War, Mexico was robbed of more than 55% of its territory by the United States, which made Mexico a weak country in America for more than a century and lost its position as a world economic power.

Some historians correctly pointed out: "This is the biggest land grab in the history of this kind of war" and "Mexico lost nearly 50% of its territory, which is the biggest situation in modern countries."

American domestic politics

The American-Mexican War had a great influence on American domestic politics, especially the debate about slavery. The territorial expansion of the United States is undoubtedly attractive to the bourgeoisie in the north and the slave owners in the southern plantations. The slave owners in the south have the intention of expanding slavery, thus maintaining and expanding slavery politically. The northern bourgeoisie tried to limit and oppose the expansion of slavery.

After the American-Mexican War, the American Civil War finally broke out under the intensified struggle between slavery restrictions and anti-restrictions. Shortly after the start of the US-Mexico War, on August 4, 1846, President Polk asked Congress to allocate 2 million dollars to negotiate the acquisition of New Mexico and California. In this regard, Representative david wilmot, a Democrat from Pennsylvania, put forward an additional clause (proviso) to approve the appropriation case, emphasizing that "any territory acquired from Mexico, whether slavery or forced labor, shall not exist anywhere in the above-mentioned territory unless the criminals are formally convicted." (Edited by Robert Bailey: A Collection of Speeches and Documents in American History) On August 8, the House of Representatives passed the proviso by a majority vote, but it was shelved in the Senate on August 10. 1847 In February, with Polk's support, the House of Representatives passed a similar appropriation bill, and the total amount increased to $3 million. Wilmot immediately proposed an amendment to the $3 million bill with the same nature as 1846 "proviso", which was still shelved after many twists and turns. 1847, 19 In February, john carr Hong, as a defender of slave owners in the south, put forward the defense of slavery, warning that if the balance between the north and the south is broken, it will herald: "political revolution, anarchy, civil war and universal misfortune." (Document of the 30th First Meeting of the United States Senate, 1847- 1848).

1848 On August 9th, the radical bourgeois political group Free Land Party was founded. The debate on limiting and expanding slavery ended in 1850 with several compromise cases in favor of slave owners.

military affairs

The US-Mexico War also had a great influence on the American Civil War militarily. During the civil war, many military generals from both sides participated in the US-Mexico War and became the training ground for generals from both sides of the civil war. Because of their different political attitudes, they are divided into two parts. Later, there were hiram grant, william sherman, george meade, joseph hooker, george mcclella, john pope, George Thomas, etc. Robert lee, thomas jackson, Pierre beauregard, alcott Johnston, Joseph Johnston, george pickett, Braxton Breg, etc. It is reasonable for some historians to regard this war as "the precursor of the American Civil War" and "the classroom of the American Civil War".

Historical influence on Mexico

Mexico lost half of its territory in the war. Since then, there has been hatred against the United States in Mexico, but this war has also formed a nationalist view that has been lacking since the founding of the People's Republic of China (182 1).

The war also led to the emergence of a new generation of Mexican politicians, who finally got rid of Santa Anna's rule in Mexico and established a free Republic in 1857. One of the earliest measures of this free republic was to accelerate the colonization of the open area in northern Mexico, and the reason for taking this measure was to prevent the loss of territory in the future.

There are thousands of Mexican families living in the territory occupied by the United States. Some of these families returned to Mexico, while others stayed in the United States. They were protected by the peace treaty between the two countries. Most of the history of these families is recorded. They are the earliest mexican american. [