Why Britain and France were overtaken by Germany and America in the early 2th century?

As the second scientific and technological revolution was carried out in an all-round way, emerging capitalist countries such as Germany and Germany quickly adopted new technologies and developed productive forces, thus enhancing their economic and technological strength. However, Britain and France have a large number of colonies, and they can get a lot of profits by virtue of their colonial privileges, so the adoption of new technologies is relatively backward, which finally leads to the decline of their dominance. 1) the United States. In 1894, industrial output ranked first in the world; At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 2th century, the United States became an industrial country dominated by heavy industry. Entering the stage of monopoly capitalism is called "trust imperialism." The United States is the country with the fastest industrial development in this period. The reasons are: the second industrial revolution was ahead in science and technology; Vast territory and rich resources; The development of the western territory provides more abundant raw materials and markets; Eurasian immigrants bring sufficient labor, technology and experience; The abolition of black slavery in the American Civil War further cleared the obstacles to the development of capitalism.

2) Germany. In the late 19th century, industrial output jumped to the second place in the world. Because of the important role of Junker landlord class, it is called "Junker bourgeois imperialism." The reasons for the rapid development of Germany's economy are as follows: in 1871, the national reunification was completed and a unified domestic market was opened up; After the Franco-Prussian War, France's compensation of 5 billion francs provided the funds needed for the development of capitalist economy; The mineral deposits in Alsace and Lorraine have supplemented the resources for the development of German industry. The two industrial revolutions crossed, which facilitated the adoption of new technologies and equipment.