What is the age to go to Guangdong?

In the modern history of China (Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China), the population of North China migrated to the northeast.

Guandong often refers to the area east of Shanhaiguan, also known as Guanwai (now northeast China). In the Qing dynasty, this area was controlled because it was considered as the "land of Longxing" of Manchu.

Later, the Russians invaded this area by virtue of their numerical superiority. At that time, Russia, which was expanding greatly, naturalized the aborigines here and declared sovereignty. After the loss of a large area of no man's land in Outer Manchuria in the late Qing Dynasty, it abandoned the blockade of Han people and adopted a policy of border consolidation for immigrants.

background

There are two concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Throughout history, people in Shanhaiguan inland area make a living through customs, which can be described as "crossing the Kanto", which is broad. In a narrow sense, "going to Kanto" only refers to the history of people from the Central Plains going to Kanto to make a living from Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. What we usually call "crossing the Kanto" is narrow.

Culturally, the Chinese nation is a farming nation. The biggest feature of farming people is that they like to stick to one acre and three points, and are willing to live a quiet life of "wife and children fever". It really takes a lot of courage to be a wanderer far from home, work hard and explore the new world. As a social custom, traveling to the East is widely accepted.

The East Gate of Shanhaiguan City defines the land outside Shanhaiguan and the Central Plains. During the hundreds of years from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, people who left their homes in Shanhaiguan, Shandong and other areas began to venture eastward.

In the Qing dynasty, the system of ethnic hierarchy and segregation was implemented, and Han people were forbidden to enter the "Longxing land" in the northeast for farming-a customs ban was issued. Shunzhi warned Manchu nobles to finally retreat to Kanto. The Manchu family poured into Shanhaiguan, and the population of Kanto dropped sharply. Under the pretext of "ancestors prospering the king's office", we protected "the benefits of participating in the mountains and rivers" and implemented the policy of banning Kanto for a long time.

At the beginning of Shunzhi, more than 1,000 kilometers of "wicker fence"-the Great Wall of Northeast China (wicker fence, willow wall, Liucheng fence and striped fence) was built in sections, covering the whole territory, and it was completed in the middle of Kangxi. From Shanhaiguan via Kaiyuan and Xinbin to the wicker edge in the south of Fengcheng, it is called the "old edge"; From the northeast of Kaiyuan to the north of Jilin, it is called "New Border" (Cihai). Therefore, there are folk sayings of "border people" and "border people".

/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, the door of Shanhaiguan, which was left unlocked, was opened and the tide of refugees surged. People are the carriers of culture and information, and the flow of people is actually the flow of culture. The superposition of the wave of "Crossing the Kanto" means that the culture of the Central Plains has been promoted to kanto region on a large scale, and cultural exchanges have entered a new stage.

If the cultural exchange in the "closed-door" era is characterized by the "influence" of Central Plains culture on the inherent culture of Northeast China and the artificial interference of "closed-door", then under the open historical conditions, Central Plains culture spread rapidly in kanto region, making Central Plains culture and Kanto culture coexist in the vast Kanto.

The "copy" of Guandong Shandong Village is actually a plane transplant of Central Plains culture. In addition, there are many people, so there is every reason to maintain their own culture. Living together, their language and customs are as old as before. They can adapt to local social customs and religious beliefs and use local languages and characters without changing themselves. In a sense, this is also cultural conservatism.

Extended data:

social influence

Before the Opium War, that is, before the real voyage to the West, the population was about 3 million. By 1860, in order to resist the invasion of the tsar, the Qing government relaxed part of the famine ban in Northeast China in 1860. By 1897, the total population of Northeast China has increased rapidly.

Nowadays, the popular film and television works will inevitably polish or exaggerate the influence of The Journey to the West, but it is undeniable that the real climax of The Journey to the West began in 1904: at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the court was corrupt, farmers rebelled everywhere, and Zhili areas in Shandong and Hebei were affected by natural disasters and wars, and many farmers had to leave their homes in order to survive. The influence of the trip to the northeast and even the whole north is overwhelming.

Population impact

When Shanhaiguan was banned at that time, most Shandong people would choose to go to the unknown northeast by boat. Among them, Dalian, Yingkou and Dandong have become the first choice for Shandong people to travel to the east.

The proportion of descendants of Shandong people in these cities is not less than or even more than half. In other parts of the vast northeast land, people who once traveled eastward settled or passed by. In 1930s and 1940s, the number of people going to Northeast China once accounted for 70% of the total population in Northeast China. Although some people returned to China later, the proportion of the population decreased, but the impact on the northeast population is undoubtedly huge.

economic impact

From Shandong Peninsula to Liaodong Peninsula, with the progress and development of ship and navigation technology, sea routes have become a route for people to break through the East China Sea. The wave of "breaking eastern Shandong" means that the farming culture in the central plains has developed to the nomadic culture in the northeast on a large scale. Villages in Shandong and Hebei take root in the northeast, which is actually a plane transplant of Central Plains culture.

The basic prototype of Qilu culture or Yanzhao culture has been maintained. Basically, it is the expansion of agricultural society in North China. The other group is mining, unloading, digging, logging and gold panning. Workers from all walks of life have also brought advanced production and life skills. Through the integration with local governments, it has promoted the development of the three eastern provinces. ?

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Go to the East