Percentage climbing: the specific information of the immigrants from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province to Bengbu Guzhen, Anhui Province in the Ming Dynasty.

The plague of locusts and the battle of Jingnan made the people miserable, so Emperor Yongle moved the people.

Details are as follows:

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there were not only serious floods in the Central Plains, but also frequent locusts. From the first year of Zheng Zheng to the twenty-fifth year, there were 189 locust plagues. ("Yuan History". "Five Elements") Ming Dow in the Yuan Dynasty, until June of the twelfth year, "three counties were opened, slippery and sparse, and there were 716,980 hungry people due to floods, droughts and locusts". (yuan dynasty history. Biography of Shun Di) From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were fifteen famines in the Central Plains (History of the Yuan Dynasty). There was a famine in Henan in the seventeenth year. In eighteen years, "the capital was hungry and Zhang De was hungry". In the 19th year of Zheng Zheng, Hebei, Shandong and Henan starved to death, and five people in Tongzhou killed their children to eat. Baoding road is full of evil, and soldiers prey on the weak. In Jin Meng, Xin 'an, Mianchi and other places in Lu Yu, there has been a tragic situation of "people eat locusts and people eat people". At the same time, the extremely harmful plague has been prevalent in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and southern provinces for many times. (Yuan Shi. Records of five elements)

All of the above, the chaos of soldiers, floods, locusts and epidemics complement each other, and the people either die or flee, making the Central Plains vast and sparsely populated, and the land barren. The Yuan government had to reduce some roads leading to the state, such as "reducing Xuzhou Road to Wu' an State". (yuan dynasty history. "Biography of Shun Di") Even in the Ming Dynasty, due to the sharp drop in population and grain, many states had to be downgraded, and the famous city Kaifeng was reduced from the upper government to the lower government (Records of Ming Taizu, vol. 96, 193). In the ten years of Hongwu, the counties such as Henan, to which the Chief Secretary belongs, had "countless grains", and "every state changed to a county, and twelve counties merged". (A Record of Ming Taizu 120, 164) In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, there were less than 3,000 households in more than 30 states, and it was still reduced to a county. (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 164)

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, officials from all over the country reported to the Ming government the barren situation in various places. The Central Plains region is full of "shortage of manpower, which has been barren for a long time" (Records of Ming Taizu, Volume 148), with few residents (Records of Ming Taizu, Volume 176) and "most of them are uninhabited" (Gu Rilu, Volume 10), and taxes are not paid for years. It directly threatened the rule of the Ming Dynasty, and even Zhu Yuanzhang knew: "After the chaos, the original place was sparsely populated, so it was urgent for the Central Plains to open up land and increase household registration" (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 25), so Su Qi of Zhou Tao (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 50), family doctor Liu Jiugao (Record of Food and Loan in the Ming Dynasty) and Song Na of imperial academy were adopted.

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During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants began, agricultural production just resumed, and the "Jingnan War" happened again. The four-year war aggravated the desolation of the Central Plains, so there was still a move to move people from Yongle.

After Zhu Yuanzhang died, Wen Jian succeeded to the throne. In order to consolidate centralization, he took the measure of "cutting vassal". Judy, the prince of Yan, marched from Beijing to Nanjing in the name of going to Beijing to punish traitors, and visited Hebei, Henan, Shandong, northern Anhui, Huaibei and other places, and fought repeatedly with government forces for four years. This is the so-called "Swallow Sweeping the Monument" widely circulated in the Central Plains. At that time, people in some areas organized their own armed forces and refused to resist the army of the Prince of Yan, which reflected the people's desire to live and work in peace and contentment and resume production.

According to the Ming History, during the war, the Yan army plundered and slaughtered very seriously, such as "the Yan army plundered Zhen, Shunde, Guangping and Daming". (Biography of Ming Taizu Gongmin) In the battle of Baigou River, the prince "beheaded tens of thousands and set fire to more than 100,000". (Ming history. After Judy's victory, the people of the Central Plains automatically helped the government troops against the Yan army, and they killed the troops and people loyal to the emperor Wen Jian. According to some genealogy records in Hebei and Shandong, the village town became a market as soon as Yan Bing arrived. When the prince of Yan hit the junction of Hebei and Henan, he was resisted by the local armed "Eighteen Villages Friendship Association". The prince turned to Nanjing without a standard and was taken by the Yan people. Li's Genealogy, written in Guangxu, Zhai Village, Linqing County, Shandong Province, recorded that King Gai Yan could not fight. When he was writing, he organized the North and South armies, the South army pursued him, and the North army was defeated, committing crimes from north to south. When you miss him, you either kill, scrape or run away. Six or seven hundred miles from east to west and nearly a thousand miles from north to south are just a few hills.

Therefore, the battle of Jingnan intensified the desolate situation of the Central Plains, and the people either killed or fled, which is another reason for Yongle immigrants.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was famine and chaos in the Central Plains, but Shanxi was a different scene. The chaos in the Central Plains and various disasters and epidemics rarely spread to Shanxi, and no major floods, droughts and pests occurred in most parts of Shanxi. Compared with neighboring provinces, it enjoys social stability, economic prosperity and affluent population. Yuan Man Zhong You said in "The Story of Building a City in the River (Zhou Pu)": There is a fire today, and the river is empty. Although it was a compliment from feudal literati, it also showed that the eastern part of Shanxi was relatively stable, and refugees from neighboring provinces flowed into Shanxi, which made the population of southern Shanxi dense for fourteen years. The population of Henan is 189. 1 10,000, that of Hebei is1893,000, and that of Shanxi is 4,030,450, which is equal to the total population of Hebei and Henan. (Record of Ming Taizu, Volume 140)