Why do women love jealousy?

First, the physiological causes of women's jealousy.

British scientists have recently discovered that women are jealous for physiological reasons.

Women have a long-standing reputation for being jealous. So, is this habit of jealousy actually misinterpreted by in our nature or the world? A research report from York University in Canada shows that it is really possible that women are jealous for physiological reasons.

This report published in Biology Weekly published by the Royal Society of Britain says that women's jealousy is directly related to their physiological cycle. Usually, during the ovulation period every month, women's jealousy will reach a climax unconsciously, and they often reject and belittle the attraction of other women directly or subconsciously in order to win over their spouses or men they like.

At the same time, the report also shows that this "jealousy tide" will gradually recede with the end of women's ovulation period, and women's evaluation of other people of the same sex will gradually turn positive.

The author of this research report, Dr. Fisher, a psychologist at York University in Toronto, said that although people always give positive comments on women, such as "meekness" and "cooperation", in some special circumstances, women do appear more competitive. When women are in physiological estrus, they are likely to use "belittle" methods more frequently, which will reduce their physiological evaluation of other people of the same sex. Interestingly, during women's physiological period or jealousy period, they will actively care about the appearance of the same sex, but they will pay less attention to the appearance of men.

according to fisher's analysis, this shows that "jealousy" is also an instinct for women to adapt to society in natural selection, that is to say, intense jealousy in physiological estrus is a physiological characteristic caused by natural selection, just like the survival instinct of animals competing for reproduction in courtship, which is also in line with the explanation of biological evolution. (According to Beijing Science and Technology News)

Second, sexual physiology is a strong motivation for jealousy

Several famous tragedies in literary history, especially Othello, are described clearly.

sex jealousy

feelings of resentment towards competitors who are better than themselves in reality or imagination. When people of the same sex appear, and their sexual partners are likely to be possessed or taken away, they can produce all kinds of complicated emotional experiences and behaviors, which first turn into hatred, hostility and even violence.

These emotional reactions and behaviors may be external manifestations or extensions of sexual jealousy. The primitive form of sexual jealousy can be seen in the cruel struggle between male animals when the territory of the animal kingdom is violated and the sexual object may be occupied. In human beings, sexual jealousy is one of the important causes of domestic violence, wife abuse, murder and crime.

From the perspective of individual psychological development, sexual jealousy began in infancy. In order to compete for maternal love, babies can show their clinging to other children who are close to their mothers, and young children can have enuresis again, that is, degenerate into infantile behavior.

In adolescence, people who are close to their favorite opposite sex will feel neglected by the opposite sex and feel sad, or cynically and verbally attack the jealous object. Young men and women who are in love have generally experienced jealousy. This kind of jealousy can evolve into suspicion, misunderstanding, quarrel between lovers and all kinds of entanglements between people, which makes the love process circuitous and even the relationship breaks down. Generally speaking, the deeper the two sides love each other, the more serious the consequences of sexual jealousy will be. Lack of self-confidence and the requirement of single-minded love are two important reasons for jealousy. Before and after marriage, the emotional disharmony between father and son-in-law, mother and daughter-in-law is another form of sexual jealousy.

There are various psychological explanations about the causes of sexual jealousy. S. LucianFreud divides jealousy into three types: 1. Competitive jealousy and normal jealousy; 2. Projective jealousy; 3. Fantasy jealousy. He believes that jealousy originated from the "Oedipus complex" in the early stage of children's emotional development. Men not only suffer from the pain of the woman they love, but also hate their same-sex competitors. Projective jealousy originates from self-doubt, and projects jealousy on others through defense mechanism. Fantasy jealousy is the continuation of residual homosexuality, but in a paranoid way.

C.R. Rogers opposed Freud's point of view. He believes that young people lack self-confidence, feel the threat and contradiction of self-knowledge and become jealous. A.H. Maslow believes that jealousy is caused by insecurity at the level of "the need for friendship and love". Dependent love and selfish love are the roots of jealous behavior. Millard J. Erickson believes that jealousy exists in all stages of life, and the possessiveness of adults to the opposite sex leads to sexual jealousy. Behaviorists regard jealousy as a learning behavior, which is closely related to society and culture.

There is also a theory that jealousy is based on instinct. The analysis of sexual jealousy behavior of animals and infants is mainly dominated by biological instinct. With the increase of age, personality, social and cultural factors and the traditional concept of gender roles are more important to the generation of sexual jealousy.

In a highly developed civilized society, everyone enjoys the freedom of sex, and at the same time, everyone respects the freedom of sex of others. Everyone with noble sentiments does not pay attention to possession or acquisition in sex, but puts "giving" in the first place. In this way, jealousy will naturally fade or disappear.

Third, the latest research shows that psychological and physiological phenomena are sometimes not completely separated or separated from each other, but are interactive. Psychophysiological medicine, also known as psychosomatic medicine, is a subject that studies the relationship between mind and body and related diseases. Broadly speaking, it is a discipline that studies the relationship between biological, psychological and sociological factors in the process of human health and disease. It involves many disciplines such as medicine, psychology and sociology, and is an interdisciplinary marginal science. Psychophysiological medicine in a narrow sense studies the pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of psychophysiological diseases, and expounds the role of psychological factors in the occurrence, development and prevention of diseases. A special field related to psychophysiological medicine is called contact psychiatry in the United States. Psychiatrists provide counseling and guidance on psychophysiological diseases and other related situations for clinical departments in general hospitals, and sometimes participate in research with physicians, nurses and non-psychiatric medical workers to promote the faster development of this discipline.

Mental stress can cause a series of changes in autonomic nervous and visceral functions, which are reversible and physiological, and are called psychophysiological responses. When these psychological and physiological changes occur in some individuals with susceptibility, these changes can develop continuously and form pathological changes, which are called psychological and physiological diseases.

At present, it is generally believed that psychological and physiological diseases should meet the following basic conditions: ① Psychosocial stress plays an important role in the onset and development process; ② Physical symptoms, organic pathological changes or known pathophysiological processes; ③ Mental disorder that does not belong to the physical form.

Psychophysiological diseases are closely related to social psychological factors and emotional reactions. With the change of medical model, people begin to understand the relationship between psychology and physiology in a broader sense, so the scope of psychological and physiological diseases is also expanding. According to each system, it can be divided into: (1) digestive system: peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, intestinal irritation syndrome, anorexia nervosa, obesity, etc. (2) Cardiovascular system: essential hypertension, hypotension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, tachycardia and myocardial infarction; (3) Skin diseases: pruritus, urticaria, allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata; (4) Endocrine system: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and diabetes; (5) Urinary system and reproductive system: menstrual disorder (abnormal menstrual cycle, menopause in pregnant women), impotence, no sexual desire (female), sexual intercourse difficulty, sexual intercourse pain (caused by female vaginal spasm), dysuria (enuresis, dysuria, frequent urination, urinary incontinence), etc. (6) Respiratory system: bronchial asthma, hyperventilation syndrome, chronic hiccups, nervous cough; (7) Musculoskeletal system: painful spasm (muscle tension and pain in neck, shoulders, lower back, legs and head), rheumatoid arthritis; (8) Others: eating disorders (hunger), sleep disorders, etc. ?

psychological and physiological disorders

(1) social factors

in the society where human beings live, social factors play a certain role in human health and diseases. People's adaptation to the environment is not only passive, but also actively transform the environment in practice to meet their own needs. During a person's life, the surrounding environment changes greatly, such as the relationships and contradictions among leaders, families, neighbors and colleagues. However, people are often powerless to the changes of their living environment, and both passive adaptation and active adaptation are irresistible. Good adaptation, physical and mental health; Poor adaptation, resulting in psychological and physiological diseases.

The effect of social factors on psychological and physiological diseases can be explained by the results of epidemiological investigation. The prevalence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer is higher in Japan, the highest in the United States and Finland, and the lowest in Nigeria. There are ethnic differences, eating habits, population age composition, physical labor and other factors. But in general, the prevalence of these diseases is higher in developed countries than in developing countries, higher in cities than in rural areas, and higher in mental workers than in manual workers; The prevalence rate of people who live in crowded places, have poor living conditions and have to make more efforts is higher. Another group with higher prevalence of psychological and physiological diseases is immigrants. In China, the incidence of immigrants from countries with good conditions, such as the United States or Western Europe, is higher. The prevalence rate of immigrants from the Middle East is lower.

(2) Psychological factors

Psychological factors refer to the individual's own psychological quality, psychological development and psychological reaction. Biological factors and social factors are mediated by psychological factors and act on the human body. Bad psychological stimulation can often lead to the body's psychological or physiological response. Generally speaking, psychological stimulation that causes people to feel loss and insecurity is the most likely to cause disease.

Life events can cause people's psychological reaction, accompanied by obvious physiological stress. Studies have shown that many diseases, especially psychological and physiological diseases, are often induced by stress caused by life events.

(3) Physiological factors

Physiological origin and physiological intermediary mechanism are two important aspects of psychological and physiological diseases.

Physiological primordia refer to the physiological characteristics of patients with psychological and physiological diseases before illness. Different physiological origins make individuals have different susceptibility to corresponding psychological and physiological diseases. For example, in the onset of ulcer disease, due to the increase of pepsin, the mucosa of the stomach is digested and ulcers are caused. The high content of pepsinogen, the precursor of pepsin in patients with ulcer, is the physiological origin of ulcer disease. Only the physiological origin of ulcer disease will not directly lead to ulcer disease. Psychosocial stimulation plays a "trigger" role in people with the physiological origin of ulcer. It is also found that triglyceride is the physiological starting point of coronary heart disease, and high protein bound iodine is the physiological starting point of hyperthyroidism.

Psychosocial factors and all kinds of information affect the function of cerebral cortex, while cerebral cortex affects the internal environment balance through physiological intermediaries such as autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, neurotransmitter system and immune system, which causes pathological changes in various target organs.

To sum up, in the pathogenesis of psychophysiological diseases, social factors, psychological factors and physiological factors are intertwined, and * * * affects the stability of the internal environment of the body, causing the body's defense mechanism to collapse, thus affecting the body's health and leading to the occurrence of diseases.

which psychological and physiological obstacles are related to personality?

Personality, also called personality, refers to the sum of various psychological characteristics of people with personality as the core. The development of personality is influenced by many factors, such as physiological, psychological and social environment. If it is affected by various unfavorable factors in the process of development, it can make personality develop or form a deviation from normal people, which will lead individuals to treat people or things around them in a bad way.

Different personality characteristics can have different effects on individual health, and even directly or indirectly cause psychological and physiological disorders. Studies have shown that the following psychological and physiological diseases are related to certain personality characteristics:

(1) Coronary heart disease: most of them have personality characteristics such as busyness, strong sense of time, competitive, excitable, irritable and good at grasping the environment.

(2) Essential hypertension: Most people have personality characteristics such as being ambitious, angry, fearful and depressed.

(3) Peptic ulcer: It is characterized by hostility, strong dependence, frustrated feelings, depression, ambition, and courage when things go wrong.

(4) Bronchial asthma: Most patients are overly dependent on others, hoping for help from others, naive, and emotionally ambiguous about others and themselves.

(5) Chronic low back pain: Most of these patients have personality characteristics such as depressed mood, escape and personality contradiction.

(6) Urticaria: It is generally characterized by self-punishment, guilt and hope for emotional satisfaction.

(7) Chronic ulcerative colitis: Most of these patients are indecisive, lack of independence and flexibility, psychologically inferior and insecure, obedient and conformist.

(8) Migraine: Most patients are rigid, emotionally unstable, argumentative when encountering things, jealous, and have personality characteristics of pursuing perfection.

prevention and treatment principles of psychophysiological diseases

the concept of modern health is not only the dynamic balance of internal environment, but also the steady integration of individual physiology, psychology, natural ecology and social ecology. In other words, the individual not only does not have disease or weakness, but also must maintain a sound state of physical, psychological and social adaptation. This is an important link in the prevention of psychological and physiological diseases.

For the treatment of psychological and physiological diseases, effective physical therapy should be taken first, so as to relieve symptoms and promote recovery, such as giving antacid drugs to ulcer, lowering blood pressure of hypertension, and bronchodilator treatment of bronchial asthma. If lasting curative effect is needed, it is necessary to combine other treatments to reduce recurrence. Please invite clinical psychologists and psychiatrists to attend and make diagnosis and treatment together. The treatment methods are as follows:

(1) Psychotherapy: including individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy and hypnotherapy. Individual psychotherapy is to understand the mental factors and personality characteristics of patients before and after the onset of illness in detail, to help patients establish confidence and determination to overcome the disease, so as to better adapt to social and family life and eliminate adverse emotional reactions. Group psychotherapy is to bring together a number of patients suffering from the same disease or similar diseases, and through lectures, discussions, question answers, etc., * * * discuss with each other to understand the pathogenic factors and master preventive measures, so as to achieve the purpose of curing the disease. Hypnotherapy is to adjust the physiological function of patients under the suggestion of words, so as to prevent and treat diseases.

(2) biofeedback and behavioral therapy: biofeedback therapy uses modern electronic technology to record the physiological functions in the organism and convert them into feedback signals such as sound and light, so that subjects can learn to adjust their involuntary visceral functions and other body functions according to the feedback signals, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Commonly used instruments are: EMG feedback instrument, temperature feedback instrument, skin feedback instrument and EEG feedback instrument. Mainly suitable for hypertension, ulcer, migraine, sexual dysfunction and other psychological and physiological diseases. The basic idea of behavioral therapy is that abnormal behavior is learned like normal behavior, which means that non-organic mental disorders are the result of people learning to cope with life and environment. common