What do astronauts do in space?

1. Investigate the effects of weightlessness on human body.

It can study the reaction ability of human beings in the process of space flight, how to bear the influence of gravity changes when spacecraft takes off, enters orbit and returns to the atmosphere, and the necessary conditions and equipment for human beings to survive in the space environment for a long time.

Carrying out this research will help to understand the influence of space environment on human body, develop and utilize space resources for human beings, realize long-term space navigation, and even realize alien migration, and accumulate experience.

2. Conduct microgravity experiments

Over the years, astronauts have carried out a large number of scientific experiments on space materials, with the aim of studying the characteristics of materials by using the unique microgravity conditions in space and making various materials that cannot be made on the ground without gravity interference.

The processing of aerospace materials and the development of technology are the inevitable products of manned space development. Since the manned space flight, astronauts have studied the physical laws of material processing under the conditions of microgravity in space and produced many new materials. At the same time, the research of space material processing technology has also developed rapidly.

3, life science and biotechnology experiment

For decades, astronauts have carried out a series of biological experiments in space, mainly biosphere research, studying biomass, energy cycle and regulation. Using microgravity to promote the study of life process and gravity biology on how microgravity environment affects the formation, function and behavior of life on earth.

Radiobiological study on the damage and protection of organisms exposed to high-energy environment in space. In addition, there are biological tissue culture experiments, that is, in the case that the whole organism cannot be used for experiments, cells and tissues of organisms used for various physiological studies are cultured in vitro.

Extended data

I. Selection conditions

1, age

Most of the astronauts selected by the United States are around 40-45 years old. They are older and have rich flying experience, so they can cope with some unexpected situations. The choice of 25-35 years old in China is mainly based on the advantages of both the United States and the Soviet Union, and it is more appropriate to combine them.

Because after the astronauts are selected, it will take at least four years to start training. Judging from our age, the oldest is 35, and it will become 39 to 40 in four years. In this case, it happens that he is at the best flying age. So even if he can't perform the task immediately after training, he has a flying life of more than five years.

2. Height

The height we require is 1.6 m to 1.72 m. The height of the astronaut and his seat should be limited, because the geometric size of the entire spacecraft cockpit is limited, and it is not appropriate to be too high. People of this age in China, 1.60 to 1.72 meters are the most candidates. So you can broaden your choices.

There is also a certain relationship between figure and weight. Generally speaking, you should be taller and heavier. Weight is also a problem to be considered in manned space flight. So we can imagine that most of the people selected according to this standard are short and pithy.

3. Weight

55 kg to 70 kg. Relatively thin, he is a shorter one among the air force fighter pilots. Due to the increase in weight, it will occupy the total weight inside the spacecraft. When launching, the thrust of the rocket is certain. If you increase this weight, it will be uneconomical to bring less fuel and consumables.

As we all know, if the weight is increased by one kilogram, the thrust consumed by the rocket is quite large, and the consumption will increase by at least 654.38 million yuan. Therefore, do everything possible to tap a certain potential in the weight of astronauts.

4. Gender issues

There are many men, even abroad, but there are also some female astronauts abroad, most of whom are responsible for organizing experiments, not flying spacecraft. These people are usually called "mission experts", not astronauts, pilots or airborne engineers.

They are relatively simple in selection criteria and training time. China 2065438+In mid-June, 2002, the first female astronaut will join two other male astronauts in the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft and rendezvous and dock with the Tiangong-1 target aircraft.

5. Occupation

There is a certain connection between aerospace and aviation, and both live in the air. All countries select fighter pilots from the air force, and China is no exception. In this case, there is a great advantage that he doesn't have to be familiar with the life of flying in the air.

If you are a pilot who can't fly a high-performance plane, you must learn to fly a plane if you want to be an astronaut. In this case, it is a little more complicated, takes a little longer and costs a little more.

Therefore, this part can be omitted when selecting pilots of air force fighters or attack aircraft. Most of them have college degree or above, worked for more than three years and flew for more than 600 hours. Therefore, they all have the ability to fly in more than three meteorological conditions.

Second, Chinese astronauts.

From 65438 to 0998, China established the China Astronaut Brigade. In 2003, when Shenzhou 5 put the first Chinese astronaut into Earth orbit, the English word "astronaut" was as famous as Yang Liwei.

On June 65438+1October 65438+February 9, 2005, Shenzhou VI took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and spent five days in space with two "astronauts" from China and Nie Haisheng.

On September 25th, 2008, Shenzhou VII was launched from the manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China at 2 1: 00, 10: 04 and 988 milliseconds, realizing the first spacewalk of China people. China became the third country to master the technology of extravehicular activity after Russia and the United States.

201June 16, with the successful launch of Shenzhou-9, Liu Yang became the first female astronaut in China to fly into space.

On June, 2065438 1 1, Shenzhou-10 was successfully launched, and Wang Yaping became the second female astronaut in China to fly into space. And served as a lecture.

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