A brief introduction to the Three-Class Household Law of the Ming Dynasty established the system of corvee factions where the rich were rich and the poor were small.

In fact, the idea that there are more rich people and fewer poor people, or even less, is not only reflected in the tax system of the Ming Dynasty, but also implemented in the corvee system. The evolution of the corvee system in the early Ming Dynasty was divided into two steps: the first step was called the unification of corvee service, and the second step was the establishment of a third-class corvee system. Let's talk about equal services first. In the early Ming Dynasty, corvee labor was divided into three categories: the first category was corvee service. Generally speaking, this kind of corvee labor is mostly used in large-scale national construction projects, such as the construction of the Nanjing city wall in the early Ming Dynasty. However, this form of corvee first sprouted in the late Yuan Dynasty. At that time, some local officials saw the disadvantages of uneven taxation and began to try to allocate corvee according to the amount of land. When Zhu Yuanzhang captured Jiangnan, he tried this method in Huizhou, Wuzhou and other places. In the first year of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, the army captured Songjiang and other places, and spread the word to various prefectures to inspect people's fields and conquer Zhuancheng. Some people regard it as the implementation of the unified labor service under Zhu Yuanzhang's regime. After thoroughly understanding Zhu Yuanzhang's spirit and founding the Republic of China and establishing laws, he said that at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he punished the powerful, bullied the poor and weak, and legislated more rights to suppress the poor and the rich. The corvee system established after the founding of the Ming Dynasty was no exception. In February of the first year of Hongwu, Emperor Hongwu ordered Shu Sheng to formulate a method of waiting for the people, which was the earliest standardized corvee system in the Ming Dynasty. The Equal Working Hours Law stipulates that the land owned by the family is used as the basis for resigning. 1 hectare of land will produce 1 dingfu, 2 hectares of land will produce 2 dingfu, and so on. But things in the world can't be so coincidental, right? Some people's fields are less than 1 hectare, so if you put other people's fields together, as long as it exceeds 1 hectare, you will get a tinder, which is called Todoroki. In the third year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the eighteen prefectures of Zhili and Yingtian, and the three prefectures of Jiujiang, Raozhou, and Nankang in Jiangxi to extract Ming history according to land distribution, and then recruit servants according to the principle of equal merit. Every year during the slack season, conscripts would come to Nanjing to work for 30 days and then be released. People with a lot of farmland and few husbands asked tenant farmers to serve as servants on the landowner's behalf, and the landowner paid rice and stones as the servant's expenses. If the person replacing the servant is not a tenant, then the cost per acre is two liters and five liters, and the cost per hundred acres is two shi and five dou. This practice of land-based corvee work, also commonly known as checking land production husbands, fully embodies Zhu Yuanzhang's egalitarian ideas of valuing farmers and suppressing the rich and poor. However, this method is too accurate in calculations, so the average time atlas is hastily compiled. In addition, the Ming Empire had not unified the country at that time, so it was ultimately unable to be promoted on a large scale and could only be implemented in Nanjing, Jiangxi and other Jiangnan regions. The second category is called handymen. There are many names, such as water pier, horse station, post office, delivery office, express shop, etc. This is similar to what is needed today in the labor service organization of the United States, which includes waiting officials in the yamen, barred prison guards, archers, a military company, and a military inspector. These are very complex, so they are also called complex. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, Wu also adopted the same principle for handymen, that is, they served on time and were paid according to the amount of farm grain. However, the former was called a field inspector and the latter was called a field inspector. According to current historical data, the first month of the first year of Hongwu is the earliest one. When the Ming Dynasty set up public institutions such as water mail, horse stations, delivery offices, and express stores in various places, it established the principle of restricting land and grain to the people, and then recruited people to serve. Among them, it is stipulated that each ship has ten porters

According to books compiled during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Jia's regular clothes are also based on the amount of grain in Ding Li's fields, which is the same as that of the field inspector and the field servant. The daily attire comes from the same origin. Therefore, we can call military uniforms the corvee in the early Ming Dynasty. In the early days of Hongwu, the principle of military service represented by the corvee faction was indeed good, but no matter how good the policy was, it had to be implemented by people, and there was no guarantee that there would be no problems in the implementation process. Especially the evaluation of households with the most small grains is not so simple. Under the eyes of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the Tianfu folk township department had to use township books to calculate farm grain, increase or decrease, and issue or remove officials. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry when he found out about this and ordered the fraudsters to commit fraud. But after Zhu Yuanzhang vented his anger, the problem still existed. The Little Yellow Book system must be reformed. In the first month of the eighteenth year of Wu Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the prefecture and county officials all over the world to appoint the upper, middle and lower third-class households as tax collectors and store them in the mansion. When a corvee is encountered, a letter will be issued to verify the seriousness of the official, and he will submit to it in order to correct the official's shortcomings. According to Zhu Yuanzhang's highest instructions, the core spirit of the new corvee law is to divide households into three classes according to the amount of grain, so it is also called the third class household law. The specific standards are as follows: if there are more than three children and more than ten stones of grain in the field, or if there are only one or two children, there are not many fields, but the physical condition is different, they have enough food and clothing, and they come and go with servants and horses, then they are considered to be of the highest grade; There are five stones in the house, and the father and son plow the fields to make enough food. Although there are only one or two dings, there are not many fields, and they are quite physiological. They have enough food and clothing, so they are middle dings; they have one or two jobs, and there are not many types of fields. They work hard for food and clothing, and life is difficult, or The one who is diligent in his physiology and has no worries about food and clothing is the next job; if his family is poor, or he is sick, or his helper borrows money from others, he is the mistress. To use a modern interpretation, the above-mentioned classification method is very similar to the classification of farmers into five classes: landlords, rich peasants, upper-middle peasants, lower-middle peasants, and poor peasants in the 1950s and 1960s. However, Zhu Yuanzhang did not directly connect the third grade with class struggle. The first class of No. 3 Middle School is Stung Dinh. A Stung Dinh family must have more than 3 Dinks and more than 10 dan of farmland; or there may only be 1-2 dinks in the family and not much land, but they may be engaged in commerce or handicrafts, that is to say Those who have other income, dress luxuriously, use carriages and horses, and have servants coming and going. These households are all classified as Dingding, which is roughly equivalent to the landlords and rich peasants of the past; the second category is called Zhongding. The Zhong Ding family should have more than 3 ding in their home and about 5 shi per acre in land.

If they are self-sufficient and have enough food and clothing, they can be classified as Zhongding, which is roughly equivalent to a middle peasant. The third-class Konglaoer Entertainment Network is called Xia Ding. There should be only 1-2 people in Xia Ding's family at home, and there aren't many fields. They try their best to cultivate, but they still don't. They don't have enough food and clothes, or there is only one person in their family working hard to make ends meet. These people were called Xia Ding, roughly equivalent to lower-middle peasants or poor peasants. As for the next job, it is not considered in Yi's corvee. It is the equivalent of a farm worker. Eight years later, in the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu's reign, Emperor Hongwu issued an order: Each place had a division, and a yellow book was published every ten years. The households were divided into upper, middle, and lower classes, and there were still titles such as military, civilian, cook, and craftsman. . Except for the first-class servants who were ranked according to the age, there were all kinds of households, big and small, and each was divided into upper, middle and lower households. Judging from Zhu's order, except for the official uniforms, the rest of the official uniforms are based on the principle that "food is the first priority for the people"

For example, a horseman who is a horseman is a heavy worker. Because he is a groom, he has to prepare the horses, saddles, felt shirts and other expenses himself. Probably equivalent to a family that can now afford a luxury car. But at that time, it was said that families with more than a few hundred stone grains had to serve. According to Zhu Yuanzhang's logic: Whoever tells you to be rich will tell you to donate more blood. Some people say that I am rich, but my family is short of staff and my health is not good. what do I do? Zhu Yuanzhang will make you pay. The grain was mediocre, the corvee was mediocre, and sailors like Shui Yi were mediocre servants. If there is less food, the corvee will be lighter. For example, when running errands in Fuzhou County, only those waiting to be imprisoned are light laborers. That is to say, running errands in nearby prefectures and counties has to be borne by households that receive two to three shi in tax. Change all the above into current terms, that is, landlords, rich peasants, capitalists, bosses, tycoons, general managers, and chairman of the board, you have to pay more and do the hard work. Some bosses said I was too fat to work. I'm sorry, the Ming Empire asked you to find someone to do it for you, and there are still people driving BMWs who cry to the officials that they have no money. Zhu Yuanzhang would definitely confiscate the BMW first. Some directors also say that all my property belongs to others. If you don't believe it, he will dig out a lot of joint-stock company rosters including his second wife and third wife. Zhu Yuanzhang may find someone to talk to him in prison. As for middle peasants, middle-income earners and ordinary white-collar workers, Zhu Yuanzhang will ask them to do no more and no less, and do light and heavy work; it will target lower-middle peasants, poor peasants, laid-off workers, migrant workers, newly graduated college students, etc. Accounting for the majority of the population, Zhu Yuanzhang was also reasonable and would require these vulnerable groups to pay the least and do the lightest work. Therefore, some people believe that in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang’s American tax system was based on the yellow book system, the fish scale book system and the third-class household corvee system. The taste of the tax system. In short, the yellow book system, the fish scale album system, the two-tax system, and the third-class household corvee system are the four good medicines prescribed by Zhu Yuanzhang to cure the cancer of the unified empire in the past dynasties. They have indeed found the real cause of the unified empire: uneven land production. The corvee was uneven. Although the prescriptions for these four great medicines had been prescribed intermittently before the Ming Dynasty, no one in any dynasty in history designed them so rigorously, thoughtfully, and meticulously. It is undeniable that they are shackles for people, but at the same time, they also play a great role in restricting and cracking down on powerful people and tax evasion in Tibet to enrich the people. As Gu, a great thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, said: From now on, all subjects have been studied here, without any interference from previous generations! Gu's words are very accurate, and the four powerful medicines that had a greater impact on Zhu Yuanzhang were that for a long time starting from Hongwu, the burden of tax and corvee on most farmers in the Ming Empire was greatly reduced. Here, Zhu Yuanzhang should particularly emphasize the tax system in the United States. There are more rich people and fewer poor people, or even less, or rights are rights to suppress the rich. This not only embodies the traditional Chinese society of egalitarianism in which the people at the bottom rob the rich and help the poor, but in a certain It is also quite reasonable to some extent. If its scope of labor is expanded to the public welfare undertakings of the entire country and society, then the idea that there are more rich people and fewer or even fewer poor people is undoubtedly an extremely advanced idea.