Ruian Huangshan Ancient Village

Well-preserved west gate of Guzhai

Exquisite stone carvings tell the story of past prosperity.

Collapsed and abandoned ancient dwellings

Collapsed and abandoned ancient dwellings

Ximen's stone gatepost

This is a stone-like ancient village that disappeared in the weeds. After completing the task entrusted to it by history, it is quietly lonely. Under the ruins, the mountain wind tells its story. ...

Recently, a crew selected sites in Taishun, Wencheng, Yongjia, Rui 'an and other places in our city to shoot a TV series reflecting the fighting career of Su Yu, the first general of China People's Liberation Army. The antique and well-preserved Ruian Mountain Royal Village is one of their key inspection objects this time.

The history of ancient villages

Shanzhai is located in Yuanjiang Town, Ruian City, and is now merged into Xianjiang Town. Huangshan village is named after this ancient village. The distance between Ruian City and Huangshan Ancient Village is very close. With the completion of the new 56 provincial highway, it takes only half an hour to drive to Huangshan Village (after going down the mountain). It's not too far from Huangshan Village to Shanzhai. A narrow and steep mountain road about 4 kilometers long runs from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. Soon, an expressway in the province's "all-round project" will be built into the mountains, and that path may remain in the historical memory like this ancient mountain village in the near future. Before 1992 poverty alleviation relocation, there were 140 households with more than 500 people living in Huangshan village. Village is village, and village is village. Guzhai is located in the extension of the mountain range in the west of west taihu lake on the south bank of the lower reaches of Feiyun River, with an altitude of about180m. Under the ancient village, the fertile and flat Feiyun River impacts the plain. Historically, the location of the ancient village is the main throat for Ryan to enter and leave Pingyang, and it is also a military stronghold.

According to the records of Ruian City, Huangshan Ancient Village was built in the early years of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, 885 years ago. During the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, on the one hand, the Song Dynasty was unfavorable to foreign operations, on the other hand, it stepped up internal exploitation. In the same year, Fang La, a farmer from Qingxi, Zhou Mu (now northwest of Chun 'an, Zhejiang), revolted in Qixian Village, Shexian County, Anhui Province. This is the famous Fang La Uprising in history. Uprising centered on Zhejiang and Anhui. Fang Lajun soon occupied many counties in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces. Wenzhou area is relatively remote and was not immediately impacted by the uprising. Wang, then the magistrate of Rui 'an County, was afraid of Fang La's army attack, so he mobilized local gentry landlords in Rui 'an to raise funds, built ten stone villages at the important pass leading to the surrounding counties in Rui 'an, and selected the lean villagers and soldiers from the surrounding villages to station together to prevent the Fang La uprising army from attacking. Huangshan village was one of the ten stone villages of that year. However, only one of the ten stone villages "welcomed" Lu Shirang's attack in Fang La, and Huangshan Village did not play its "due role". Time flies. In the changes of years, several other stone villages have been destroyed, and only Huangshan Village has survived through historical time and space.

Walk into the cottage

Huangshan ancient village is a stone castle building, covering an area of about 100 mu. The whole ancient village is surrounded by a stone wall about 3 kilometers long, 4 meters wide and 6 meters high. The upper and lower gates are still intact. There are 36 wells in the village, and two streams flow from east to west, becoming the "moat" of the ancient village. There is a "beacon tower" at the top of the ancient village. Historically, Shanhuangzhai has been renovated and rebuilt several times, and most of the buildings preserved today are relics rebuilt to guard against Japanese invasion during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty.

1992, this ancient village, which has carried the ups and downs for more than 800 years and protected the safety of countless people, and the "village people" who have lived in the village for generations have finally reached a historical fork. On the one hand, for the needs of economic development and poverty alleviation, we have to leave the ancient village to rebuild the village; On the one hand, people in Huangshan Village miss the ancient village where their ancestors lived and multiplied for generations. Finally, 147 villagers in Huangshan started "poor immigrants", and almost all of them moved out of Huangshan village within a few years. In 2003, Chen Cailian, who lived here for more than 70 years, was the last one to move out of the cottage.

Grain transportation underground cave

As a person who grew up in a cottage, 45-year-old Huang walked on the mountain road for 35 years. How many times did Huang go? He can't even count it himself. He only remembers going to school when he was a child and going down the mountain to cut wood for daily necessities. People in the stockade, like him, have to go through this road in and out of Huangshan Village. For a long time, the narrow mountain road was one of the "lifelines" for the cottage to contact with the outside world.

With steep mountain roads and strong city walls, Huangshan Village is close to the foot of the mountain, but it is far away-the gates are closed and heavily guarded. Even if the invading enemy is armed with a spear, he can only look at the village and sigh. There is also a grain hole in the village. It is said that the grain transport hole leads directly to the mouth of Aojiang River in Pingyang, and even if the cottage is surrounded, it can maintain the food supply in the village. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Shenquanhui" with the slogan of robbing the rich and helping the poor and resisting the tyranny of the Qing court used shanzhai against officers and men. The officers and men failed to capture the imperial village after several sieges, and finally had to take the way of encircling the village, trying to trap the "Shenquanhui" in the village in one fell swoop. The siege lasted for several months, but the smoke from the kitchen was still curling up in the mountain palace. When the weather is fine, there are endless fresh fish hanging out to dry in the cottage. The official was very strange, so he sent soldiers to look around. Finally, the exit of this grain-transporting cave was found at the mouth of Aojiang River in Pingyang dozens of miles away. Later, the exit was blocked by the Qing soldiers, and the source of food supply in the village was interrupted, so the "Shenquanhui" had to choose to break through. Nowadays, everyone in the cottage can tell this story.

"Really, handed down from my grandparents. I heard it from the old man when I was a child. As for the specific situation, everyone is not very clear. The lyrics of Wenzhou Drum also include "Breaking the Yellow Cottage". " Talking about the history of shanzhai, Chen Zhenshui, 6 1 year-old, is very proud. In recent years, he has been the organizer and collector of shanzhai history, visiting from house to house, and getting some sporadic stories, legends and materials through the oral way of villagers, and then sorting them into words. In Huangshan Village, there are six "volunteer organizers" like Chen Zhenshui. "Don't save, there isno.. People my age still know something, but fewer and fewer people know it gradually. I am afraid that future generations can only see the ancient village and know nothing about its history. "

Chen Zhenshui's "data acquisition team" just officially started "work" on August 19. Prior to this, Chen Zhenshui had begun to sort out the legends and materials about Shanhuang Village. In recent years, once he heard that someone in Huangshan Village or the surrounding villages knew the story of Huangshan Village, he would definitely go to other people's homes and ask them clearly. Once, his friend accidentally talked about an old man in a neighboring village. When he was a child, he often went to the cottage and knew many stories about the ancient village. The speaker has no intention, but the listener has intention. Without saying anything, Chen Zhenshui took his friend out and ran to the neighboring village.

Memories of the cabin

After moving from Guzhai, the traditional lifestyle of many villagers has been changed. Young people basically left the land on which they lived and went out to do business or work. Huang is a typical example. In order to make a living, he has worked and done small business, and has traveled all over China. Because of his busy work, Huang can't dig and sort out the history of ancient villages like the old town water, but he also has a deep nostalgia for ancient villages.

"Let me come back to live, I still want to! Of course I think it's nice here, but I don't know how my children are. Although the conditions here are a bit bitter and there is no CCTV, I still feel more cordial. " Huang grew up under the wall of Huang Zhai Mountain, and married his wife at the gate of Huang Zhai Mountain until his son was 10 years old. This year, my son Huang is 22 years old and is studying in Chongqing. They have moved out of this place 12 years. For shanzhai people of Huang's age, their childhood is full of beautiful memories, just like Mr. Lu Xun's deep nostalgia for gardens. At that time, children can sit on the wall and watch the sunset, and they can lie on the wall and sleep at night in summer. When they open their eyes, they are full of stars. The shanzhai family is like a family. In their spare time, a group of playmates in the village traveled from east to west, jumping from the Wang family to the Li family and playing day and night. 1965, there is a primary school in Guzhai. The children in Guzhai have reached school age and attended school for three years. When they were older, they went down the mountain to school with lunch boxes every day. The primary school in Zhaizili was closed until 1988.

Sitting on the slate in front of the ancient village, Huang took out a cigarette and lit it, and his thoughts seemed to be back to childhood. "I didn't go to school later, so I came back to farm. If you are older, you will marry a wife. The young man in the cottage can be sought after! " Around the ancient village, from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain are terraced fields. The fields in the plain below the mountain are relatively fertile. In the past, when people depended on the weather for food, rice fields were often flooded and suffered losses. On the contrary, Huang Zhai Mountain, with high terrain and relatively barren land, is "good weather and abundant crops". Although not rich, in the eyes of people in other surrounding villages, the life of the cottage Huangzhai is still relatively secure. In addition, most of the boys in the stockade are diligent and kind, and the girls at the foot of the mountain are willing to marry up the mountain.

Chen Cailian's Old House

Girls at the foot of the mountain like to marry into the village, and some girls in the village still marry into the village after a few steps. The 75-year-old Chen Cailian is a typical example. Born and married in a cottage, the old man's daughter also married the boy in her village. The old man has forged an indissoluble bond with this stockade all his life. He thought he would never leave the mountain village. It never occurred to him that he would leave home and move down the hill when he was old. The old man found it difficult to give up. Later, under the persuasion of his family, the old man finally left the cottage and lived in a new house at the foot of the mountain. It's been two years since I moved down, but old people often come to the old house on the mountain after dinner in the morning and come down to sleep at night.

Chen Zhenshui can understand Chen Cailian's feelings. As soon as he entered the stockade, he felt sorry for the past weeds and empty houses. When he is free at ordinary times, he often comes up with several old people in the village to mow the grass and clean the "Queen Chen 14" temple on the edge of the village. He said he would move back when he was free, and he had the right to spend the summer. Old Chen Zhenshui 1995 has just been renovated. Just like the ancient villages built by our ancestors, everything here has to be picked up from the foot of the mountain by manpower. At that time, Chen Zhenshui spent a lot of money just hiring people to pick things. If other expenses are included, Chen Zhenshui's house decoration cost a lot of money. Later, the villagers moved away slowly, and he had no choice but to follow. Now, other buildings around have basically collapsed and become barren. Although there are waist-high weeds in front of Chen Zhenshui's house, "new" is very special. Whether it is an ancient village or his own house, Chen Zhenshui feels very sorry. Of course, as the value of the cottage is gradually discovered and recognized by outsiders, the plan for development and protection has also entered the countdown. Perhaps, in the near future, a restored cottage Huangzhai will not only let more Wenzhou people know about history, but also fulfill the wish of "old villagers".

railings

Villages are mainly used for defense functions. City walls and moats are explained in Chinese dictionaries, and their functions are mainly reflected in military defense functions. Historically, Chinese dynasties with agricultural civilization attached great importance to urban construction. In the Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang built many castles along the coast in order to fight against the Japanese pirates, among which Pucheng, Cangnan County, was the product of that era. All kinds of "city walls" are not only military fortifications in a specific historical period, but also play an extremely important role in protecting one side of the people from foreign forces.

On the inscription that Chen Fu Temple (Zhaiwang Temple) near Huang Zhai Mountain rebuilt the city for eight years, it was written: "There are hidden assets in the Huang Zhai Mountain, and Huang, Wu, and Huang Daming discussed and worked together, fearing that the mob would disturb the people, and their lives would be hard to protect, and their hands would be powerless." Who calls it labor? Longing for rest at night, I dare say I am overwhelmed. The city creates folk music, and the reconstruction of the mountain city is immortal. "Keeping the people safe and guarding against the enemy outside the city is the original intention of the mountain emperor's ancestors to build the ancient village. (Wenzhou Metropolis Daily)