The Status Quo and Characteristics of German Middle School Examinations

Compared with China's secondary education, German secondary schools have no mid-term and final exams, and there are no senior high school entrance examinations and college entrance examinations. According to the comprehensive evaluation of four closed-book classroom written assignments, usual classroom questions and tests, the teacher gets the students' semester grades.

However, there are two relatively key examinations in German secondary schools, namely, the diploma examination in the form of "comparative examination" and the graduation examination in liberal arts secondary schools. The former is conducted in the ninth grade or 10 grade of each middle school, while the latter is conducted in the middle school of arts and sciences 13 grade and the middle school of arts and sciences 12 grade. Abitur test scores of all schools are nationally recognized. Compared with other European countries, Germany's secondary school graduation exam is a high-level graduation exam, and only graduates who pass the exam are eligible to enter comprehensive universities for further study. The admission of freshmen to colleges and universities shall be subject to the graduation certificate of liberal arts middle school or equivalent academic qualification. Holders have the right to freely choose institutions and majors and are protected by law. The graduation exam is organized by the school itself.

For the above two kinds of examinations in German secondary schools, each school proposes its own questions according to the syllabus formulated by its federal state, and organizes its own examinations and scores after obtaining the approval of the education authorities. Most students can get diplomas from technical secondary schools. Students who do not enter the advanced stage of liberal arts middle schools will get the same academic qualifications as graduates from main middle schools and practical middle schools. According to statistics, students in liberal arts middle schools are equivalent to junior high schools in China in the first stage and senior high schools in China in the second stage, and the elimination rate is around 20%. The study in the second stage of German liberal arts middle school is divided into three major areas: language, writing, art, social science, mathematics, natural science and technology. Every student must determine his major according to his own actual situation at the beginning of the new semester of 1 1 grade, and choose the professional combination matched by the school accordingly. And 13 is a stage of continuous learning and improvement. The perfect score of 600 in these two years should be recorded in the total score of 840 for middle school graduation. The graduation examination is held in the last semester and consists of four parts, including three written examinations and 1 entrance examination, with a perfect score of 60 points in each subject and a comprehensive score of 240 points. The examination subjects selected by each graduate must cover the above three areas, and German or a foreign language that is continuously studied in the first stage of middle school must be listed as the examination subjects. In the written test, candidates choose two courses and one course from the ability course and the basic course respectively, while in the oral test, they know the students' real knowledge level mainly by asking questions, accounting for 25% of the graduation test scores. After several years' efforts, in 2006, the number of federal states in Germany implementing the unified liberal arts secondary school graduation examination was 1 1, and the other five federal states will finally implement the unified liberal arts secondary school graduation examination in the next year. That is to say, by 2008, all the federal states in Germany will implement unified examination papers, unified time examinations, and cross-marking and grading between schools.

Introducing unified examination into the first-stage graduation examination of middle schools In recent years, the wave of reform that German liberal arts middle school graduation examination tends to be unified has also spread to the first-stage graduation examination of middle schools. In this regard, Berlin, the capital of Germany, took the lead in launching the "Certificate Examination for Middle School". The characteristic of this test is that it pays attention to the evaluation of four ability modes in the content and form of the test, namely, professional ability, language ability, method ability and communication ability. The scope of the examination includes the written examination of three compulsory subjects, namely German, Mathematics and English, and the oral examination of an auxiliary subject and English, accounting for 40% of the total English score. The auxiliary subjects are chosen by the students themselves, the written test papers are formulated by the state, and the oral English test and the oral test of any auxiliary subject are formulated by the examination committees of each school. Only students who pass the exam can be promoted to the senior grades of liberal arts middle schools to continue their studies.

According to the figures provided by the German education department, there are nearly10,000 primary and secondary school students in Germany, 9.5% of whom are immigrant children, reaching 970,000. The more advanced the school is, the fewer international students there are. Only 3.9% of foreign students can enter universities directly after graduation, while 6.4% are foreign students in practical middle schools. In ordinary middle schools, the proportion of foreign students in cities with concentrated immigrants such as Berlin exceeds 50%. According to public opinion analysis, Germany's immigration policy has great defects, and the country has been "helplessly" accepting immigrants, including a large number of illegal refugees. If you come to middle school, you can better integrate into German society and master German faster. And if you have been in high school for four to five years before you go to college, you will get permanent residency before you go to college. This will be very helpful to your college career. But the premise is that you pass the high school graduation exam (abitur), and the passing standard is that the average score is above 4 points. But if your average score is below 3.5, it is estimated that no university will admit you at that time. Lack of comparability of teaching quality For a long time, the monitoring and evaluation of teaching quality in German middle schools have been carried out independently by each school according to the standards of the school under the supervision and guidance of inspectors, and there is no horizontal comparison of teaching quality between schools and regions. Germany's educational federalism determines that its secondary education lacks a unified standard and a unified outline. Although every state has made a unified teaching plan, many teachers organize their teaching according to the textbooks designated by each school, and the teaching quality varies greatly between schools.

The grading standards are not comparable. German teachers only use their own classes to evaluate students' grades, and the comparability of students' grades inside and outside the school is very limited. The scoring system in Germany is 1 6, 1 is the best, and 6 is the worst. A student with the same score will get 2 points in one school, 4 points in another school, and vice versa.