The legend of Sophora japonica in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province. I heard from my dad that my hometown moved to Henan from there.

The first lecture is about the legend of Ming immigrants.

Hello, audience friends!

Starting today, I will tell you the legend and true history of immigrants in the Ming Dynasty.

Speaking of immigrants in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. The villagers in Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces are very concerned.

In many provinces in the North China Plain, the legend of "the prince sweeping the north" and the migration of people from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province to North China in the Ming Dynasty is widely circulated among the people. There are even many people who claim to be "originally from Hongdong County, Shanxi Province".

In some villages in North China Plain, it is said that many villagers are descendants of immigrants from Hongtong County.

It is also said that there is a small nail on the little toe of the immigrants in Hongtong County. It can be seen that the immigrants in Ming Dynasty had a great influence on North China.

So, why are there so many legends about immigrants in the Ming Dynasty?

Today, we will analyze the legend of immigrants in the Ming Dynasty by combining folklore and related historical materials.

The first one is the legend of "The Prince Sweeping the North" and "The Prince Sweeping the Monument"

According to folklore, the reason of population migration in Ming Dynasty was that "Rebecca's Northern Expedition" led to the decrease of population in Hebei.

"Rebecca's Sweeping the North" actually assigned troops to explore the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, which was not closely related to the immigrants of the Ming Dynasty in North China.

The event really related to the great immigration is "the prince sweeping the tombstone", also known as "the battle of Jingnan".

Judy, the prince of Yan, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the founder of the Ming Dynasty. He later seized the throne from his nephew through rebellion. He was the most successful emperor in the Ming Dynasty. Our capital, Beijing, was established after he seized the throne. Because it is located in Beidu, north of Nanjing, the capital of his father Zhu Yuanzhang, it is also called Beijing from him.

Zheng He is a world-famous maritime politician and an emissary sent by Ming Chengzu to the sea for overseas trade.

Now buried in Texas, it is the king of Sulu Kingdom in the ancient Philippines who came to China to worship Ming Chengzu, stayed in China because of the coup in China, and finally died in China. He was buried in Texas by Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.

Judy, the prince of Yan, is the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. Brave and resourceful, he followed Zhu Yuanzhang to conquer the world and made many outstanding achievements. And he is the son-in-law of Xu Da, the founding hero and general of the Ming Dynasty. Hongwu was established as a prince by Zhu Yuanzhang in three years and stationed in Beijing.

After the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, although Yuan Shundi fled to the northern desert, there were still "more than one million archers, more than thousands of tribes joined, and armored battles were still in use." So they often commit crimes in the south.

In order to consolidate the northern border, Zhu Yuanzhang named his two sons the King of Jin and the Prince of Yan, and Judy, the Prince of Yan, led troops for many times to build cities and open up wasteland in the northern border. For example, in the 23rd year of Hongwu, Judy, the prince of Yan, led Fu Youde and others to attack the rest of Yuan Shundi in the north, and the Prime Minister Bite of the Northern Yuan surrendered, and his subordinates were under the command of the prince. Judy made many voyages to the Western Ocean, which was known as "Wang Yan's expedition to the North".

Rebecca's sweeping across the north didn't have much impact on the population of Hebei Plain. Only from the Great Wall to the Central Plains of Hebei Province, a few poor people in the border areas migrated. So this, folklore does not conform to the historical truth.

Another legend is that "the prince sweeps the floor." Is to go to Nanjing to pay homage to Zhu's ancestral tablet. It is also said that in the Ming Dynasty, the "red worms" in Hebei ate up all the people before moving people from the big locust tree in Hongdong.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Biao, the eldest son, as his successor in order to make the Zhujiajian world permanent. Unfortunately, Zhu Biao was short-lived and died in front of him. Zhu Yuanzhang named Zhu Biao's son Zhu Yunwen the great-grandson of the emperor. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, ministers made moire emperor, known as Ming Huidi in history. Because of its title of "Wen Jian", it is commonly known as "Jianwen Emperor".

Zhu Yun was the emperor, and Judy, the prince of Yan, refused to accept it. In addition, Wen Jian was afraid that the kings were powerful and difficult to control, so he took the advice of ministers recently and decided to cut down the governors.

According to folklore, the prince of Yan took the opportunity to fight, claiming to enter Nanjing "Jun Qing side" and go to Nanjing to pay homage to his father's merit tablet for his "overcoming difficulties". He led the army south and launched the "Battle of Jingnan". First attack Hebei, then attack Henan, then attack Shandong, and then go south to Jiangsu. Along the way, the Ming army loyal to Jianwen Emperor resisted tenaciously. The two sides fought fiercely for several years and finally captured Nanjing. Due to the long-term war, there is no one in North China. According to legend, because the army of the Prince of Yan wore red scarves, the people called them "red bugs". "Red bug" means plague. The legend that the so-called "red bug" eats people is actually the battle of "Jingnan Battle", which is also called "Rebecca Sweeping Monument" by the people.

After the Prince of Yan captured Nanjing, Emperor Wen Jian set himself on fire. After he acceded to the throne, because the ministers with deep-rooted orthodoxy did not support him, they wiped out Fang Xiaoru and other ten powerful families, practiced "Guateng Copy" and killed those who opposed him and the people in the same village. Soon, he moved the capital to Beijing and ordered to emigrate to the North China Plain to reclaim land and develop the economy.

2. Legend and history of Hebei immigrants in Ming Dynasty (related to Xuanhua)

The difficulty of "sweeping monuments in Rebecca" is indeed one of the reasons for the population decline in North China, and it is also one of the factors that Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, immigrated to North China. But this is not the only factor that led to the migration of Ming Dynasty. In tomorrow's program, I will analyze in detail the real reasons for the migration of the Ming Dynasty.

The second legend is the locust tree of immigrants in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province.

We all know, "Ask me where my ancestors came from, the locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi, what is the name of my ancestors' former residence, and the old stork nest under the locust tree. This is a folk song popular in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui.

There is an ancient pagoda tree on the west side of Jia Cun, Erhua pear in the north of Hongtong. Tourists keep coming here every year, and its reputation spreads all over the world. This is the legendary "hometown" of many descendants of immigrants in the North China Plain-Hong Tong Ancient Huai.

To the west of this old pagoda tree is Fenhe River. According to the Records of Hongdong County, there was a Guangji Temple in Hongdong County in the Ming Dynasty, which was grand in scale and magnificent in hall. On the left side of the mountain gate, there is an ancient tree, with several trees and several acres of shade. The Yangguan ancient road passes through the shade. Old storks nest on ancient trees. When the leaves are withered in winter, old storks nest on ancient trees, which is very spectacular. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the government set up bureaus in Guangji Temple, Dahuaishu and other places to concentrate immigrants, arrange teams and send them to "Chuandu". When the immigrants set out, they were reluctant to leave. After a long walk, when they looked back, they could only see the old stork nest on the big locust tree. As a result, the locust tree and the old stork's nest have become the hometown symbols of dreams, which have been circulated for hundreds of years, and some people even misinformed that the old stork's nest is a village.

It is explained that the immigrants in Yushu are reluctant to leave their homes. At this time, the government widely posted notices to deceive the people, saying, "Those who don't want to move must gather under the big locust tree and arrive within three days. Those who wish to migrate can wait at home. " People rushed to Guhuai when they heard the news, and people from northern Shaanxi, southern Shanxi and southeastern Shanxi came. On the third day, hundreds of thousands of people gathered around the big pagoda tree. Suddenly, the officers and men surrounded the people, and the officials announced: "Emperor Daming ordered that all those who came under the big locust tree should be removed."

People were shocked, but to no avail. The officers and men forced people to register and give them badges. Every time they register, they ask the relocated households to take off their shoes and cut their little toes as a sign to prevent them from running away. Up to now, many descendants of Ming immigrants have complicated toenails, which are said to be caused by knife cutting.

When immigrants left the locust tree, in order to tell future generations not to forget their hometown, the tree body of the locust tree was specially measured. At that time, there was no ruler, so several people had to measure the tree hand in hand, and seven people pressed it eight times together. There happened to be a young daughter-in-law standing in an empty place. This is the legend of "seven hugs, eight slaps and one daughter-in-law".

Because tens of thousands of people claim that their ancestors were Sophora japonica immigrants, in recent years, Shanxi people have simply built a large-scale root-seeking tourism complex here, which has been supported by many immigrant descendants all over the country. Now it has not only become a scenic spot with considerable benefits, but also established a website with network stubs to publicize the historical facts of Sophora japonica immigrants in the Ming Dynasty and vigorously speculate on the legends of Sophora japonica immigrants in the Ming Dynasty, which triggered a large-scale root-seeking upsurge.

This fanatical image stems from modern people's blind superstition of folk customs.

In fact, not all the Ming immigrants from North China moved under the big pagoda tree in Hongtong County, and the officially organized Shanxi immigrants were by no means as cruel as folklore suggests. In fact, many Shanxi immigrants in the Ming Dynasty were poor people who volunteered to farm in North China. Sophora japonica and Guangji Temple in Hongtong County were only the institutions that handled the immigration official spy during Yongle period.

Later, after listening to the source of immigrants in the Ming Dynasty, everyone understood the real life experience of ancestors moving to Hebei, and they did not have to blindly act as descendants of Sophora japonica immigrants in Hongtong County. To understand the detailed history of immigrants in the Ming Dynasty, listen to me tomorrow about the background, sources and types of immigrants.

The third legend I want to tell today is about the origin of the word "jieshou".

In many villages in northern China, people call going to the toilet "relieving oneself". According to legend, this special folk language also came from the official organization of Shanxi immigrants in the Ming Dynasty, and it began at that time.

According to folklore, the relocation of the people was compulsory by the Ming government, and the people were unwilling to leave their homes and homeland and resisted in various ways. Immigration officials and escorts worried that immigrants would escape halfway, tied them up and set off in line after the formation was fixed. First, a big tie, that is, two arms tied, is very inconvenient to move. Later, it was changed to "small tie". Everyone tied only one arm, and dozens of people tied to a rope and hooked each other. If one person wants to move, it will affect others, and no one can escape. So, whenever you are on the road, at night, if someone wants to be convenient. You must ask the guards to untie the rope that binds their arms. At first, people said very thoroughly: "please untie my hand, I want to be convenient." Later, I talked a lot and gradually simplified the original words. First, he said "untie me" and I knew he wanted to pee. Later, it was simply simplified to "solving problems." As long as someone shouts "forget it", it is that he needs convenience. Along the way, the sound of "relieving oneself" filled the eardrum every day, and everyone agreed and got used to it.